Journal of Microbiology

Journal Articles

Genetic variation of Colletotrichum magnum isolated from Carica papaya as revealed by DNA fingerprinting: Daisy Pérez-Brito , Alberto Cortes-Velázquez , Teresita Valencia-Yah , Anuar Magaña-Álvarez , Cuauhtémoc Navarro , Blanca Moreno , Steven Quiroga , Raúl Tapia-Tussell; J. Microbiol. 2018;56(11):813-821. Published online October 24, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-8215-z

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Abstract: Mexico is one of the five largest producers of papaya worldwide, but losses caused by pathogens, mainly fungus, at the pre- and post-harvest stages are often more than 50% of the crop. Papaya anthracnose, caused by three different species of the Colletotrichum genus in Mexico, occupies a preponderant place in this problem. Although two of these species, C. gloeosporiodes and C. truncatum, have been characterized morphologically and genotypically, this has not occurred with C. magnum, the third species involved, about which there is very little information. Because of this, it is vital to know its genetic characterization, much more so considering that the studies carried out on the other two species reveal a wide genetic diversity, differences in pathogenicity and in the response to fungicides of the different strains characterized. In this work, Colletotrichum spp. isolates were collected at different papaya orchards in the south-southeast of Mexico. C. magnum isolates identified by species-specific primers were characterized by morphological and molecular approaches. Differences in colony characteristics resulted in five morphological groups. AP-PCR, DAMD and ISSR markers were found to be very efficient for revealing the interspecific variability of this species. The high genetic variability found in the accessions of C. magnum was linked to the geographical area where they were collected. Isolates from Chiapas State were the most variable, showing point mutations in the ITS1- ITS2 region. These results will enable a better phytosanitary management of anthracnose in papaya in this region of Mexico.

Genetic diversity of Clavispora lusitaniae isolated from Agave fourcroydes Lem, as revealed by DNA fingerprinting: Daisy Pérez-Brito , Anuar Magaña-Alvarez , Patricia Lappe-Oliveras , Alberto Cortes-Velazquez , Claudia Torres-Calzada , Teófilo Herrera-Suarez , Alfonso Larqué-Saavedra , Raul Tapia-Tussell; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(1):14-20. Published online January 4, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-4373-4

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Abstract: This study characterized Clavispora lusitaniae strains isolated from different stages of the processing and early fermentation of a henequen (Agave fourcroydes) spirit produced in Yucatan, Mexico using a molecular technique. Sixteen strains identified based on morphological features, obtained from different substrates, were typed molecularly. Nine different versions of the divergent D1/D2 domain of the large-subunit ribosomal DNA sequence were identified among the C. lusitaniae strains. The greatest degree of polymorphism was found in the 90-bp structural motif of the D2 domain. The MSP-PCR technique was able to differentiate 100% of the isolates. This study provides significant insight into the genetic diversity of the mycobiota present during the henequen fermentation process, especially that of C. lusitaniae, for which only a few studies in plants have been published. The applied MSP-PCR markers were very efficient in revealing polymorphisms between isolates of this species.

Molecular Characterization of Vibrio cholerae Isolates from Cholera Outbreaks in North India: Joseph J. Kingston , Kuruvilla Zachariah , Urmil Tuteja , Sanjay Kumar , Harsh Vardhan Batra; J. Microbiol. 2009;47(1):110-115. Published online February 20, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-008-0162-7

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Abstract: Vibrio cholerae isolates recovered from cholera outbreaks in Bhind district of Madhya Pradesh and Delhi, Northern India were characterized. The O1 serogroup isolates from Bhind outbreak were of Inaba serotype whereas both Ogawa and Inaba serotypes were recovered from Delhi. PCR analysis revealed that only O1 serogroup V. cholerae isolates carried the virulence-associated genes like ctxA, tcpA, ace, and zot. Molecular typing by repetitive sequence based ERIC, VCR1, and VC1 PCR’s revealed similar DNA profile for both Inaba and Ogawa serotypes. A discrete VC1-PCR band identified among the El Tor strains had greater similarity (>97%) to the V. cholerae genome sequence and therefore has the potential to be used as a marker for the identification of the V. cholerae strains. Non-O1 strains recovered from Bhind region differed among themselves as well as from that of the O1 isolates. All the O1 serogroup isolates possessed SXT element and were uniformly resistant to the antibiotics nalidixic acid, polymyxin-B, furazolidone, cloxacilin, trimethoprim-sulfamethaxazole, and vibriostatic agent O129. Inaba strains from both Delhi and Bhind differed from Ogawa strains by their resistance to streptomycin despite sharing similar DNA patterns in all the three rep-PCRs. Though Delhi and Bhind are separate geographical regions in Northern India, Inaba strains from both these places appear to be closely related owing to their similarity in antibiogram and genetic profile.

Genomic Relationship of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium DT104 Isolates from Korea and the United States: Shukho Kim , Sung Guen Chun , Ok Young Lim , Mi Sun Park , Yeon Ho Kang , Yong Ho Park , Bok Kwon Lee; J. Microbiol. 2004;42(1):14-19.; DOI: https://doi.org/2007 [pii]

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Abstract: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 (Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 or DT104) hasbeen emerging as a common pathogen for human in Korea since 1997. In order to compare the genomic relationship and to search for the dominant strains in Korea, we conducted pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and IS200 fingerprinting of 25 epidemiological unrelated isolates from human and animals from Korea and cattle from America. Two Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 isolates from human in Korea and all 8 isolates from American cattle had indistinguishable patterns from the PFGE and IS200 fingerprinting but multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium isolates, including DT104, from Korean animals had diverse genetic patterns. The data suggest that a dominant DT104 strain might have circulated between Korean and American cattle and that it had a high level of clonality.

A Simple and Rapid Molecular Typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Polyberase Chain Reaction: Lee, Hye Young , Bangm Hye Eun , Lee, Jin Hee , Myung, Han Jung , Kim, Joo Deuk , Cho, Sang Nae; J. Microbiol. 1998;36(2):124-129.

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Abstract: As an attempt to evaluate a molecular tool fingerprinting clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a PCR-based typing method, so-called outward-PCR, was employed in this study. Outward-PCR used in this study was designed to amplify the wequences in-between two IS6110 elements. A total of 81 M. tuberculosis isolates including 73 Korean and 8 Philippine isolates were subjected to PCR amplification and the profiles of the agarose gel electrophoresis were analyzed. In brief, under the PCR conditions used in this study, the 81 clinical isolates were classified into 33 distinctive sub-groups. Among these, 5 sub-groups represented major clusters with 7 to 11 clinical isolates belonging to each suv-group. The banding patterns were clear and reproducible, implying that this repid and simple PCR-based typing method can be a valuable tool for typing clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis.

Differentiation of Salmonella typhimurium from Gram-negative Intestinal Microbes by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Fingerprinting: Un-Ho Jin , Tae-Wook Chung , June-Ki Kim , Kyung-Soo Nam , Sang-Do Ha , Cheorl-Ho Kim; J. Microbiol. 2000;38(1):8-10.

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Abstract: In order to rapidly identify and differentiate Salmonella typhimurium from the intestinal gram-negative bacteria, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting of Salmonella typhimurium was carried out using random primers designated OPA-13 (5'-CAGCACCCAC-3'), OPB-10 (5'-CGT-CTGGGAC-3'), OPB-18 (5'-CCACAGCAGT-3'), and OPJ-10 (5'-AAGCCCGAGG-3'), and its patterns compared with 6 representive intestinal, gram-negative bacterial strains, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus sp., which are often found in foods. S. typhimurium had unique and distinct fingerprinting patterns. RAPD fingerprinting is thus concluded to be a rapid and sensitive method for the identification of S. typh-imurium compared to conventional culturing procedures or immunoassays.

Characterization of a Streptomycete Isolate Producing the Potent Cytotoxic Substance, Nonadecanoic Acid: Jin-cheol Yoo , Ji-Man Han , Seung-Kwan Nam , Keun-shik Baik , Jung-sun Jo , Chi-nam Seong; J. Microbiol. 2002;40(2):178-181.

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Abstract: Streptomycete isolate, strain M0137 showed cytotoxic effect on THP-1 cells. One of the purified substances produced from the strain was identified as nonadecanoic acid. Morphological and physiological properties, phylogenetic analysis, and genomic fingerprinting of strain M0137 were determined. Strain M0137 showed a high similarity with Streptomyces scabiei, phenotypically and phylogenetically. In contrast, genomic fingerprinting and G+C content analysis revealed that strain M0137 could be distinguished from S. scabiei ATCC49173 T . We propose to name strain M0137 as Streptomyces scabiei subsp. chosunensis.

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