Journal of Microbiology

Journal Articles

Rhodobacteraceae are Prevalent and Ecologically Crucial Bacterial Members in Marine Biofloc Aquaculture: Meora Rajeev, Jang-Cheon Cho; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(11):985-997. Published online November 15, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00187-0

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Bioflocs are microbial aggregates primarily composed of heterotrophic bacteria that play essential ecological roles in maintaining animal health, gut microbiota, and water quality in biofloc aquaculture systems. Despite the global adoption of biofloc aquaculture for shrimp and fish cultivation, our understanding of biofloc microbiota-particularly the dominant bacterial members and their ecological functions-remains limited. In this study, we employed integrated metataxonomic and metagenomic approaches to demonstrate that the family Rhodobacteraceae of Alphaproteobacteria consistently dominates the biofloc microbiota and plays essential ecological roles. We first analyzed a comprehensive metataxonomic dataset consisting of 200 16S rRNA gene amplicons collected across three Asian countries: South Korea, China, and Vietnam. Taxonomic investigation identified Rhodobacteraceae as the dominant and consistent bacterial members across the datasets. The predominance of this taxon was further validated through metagenomics approaches, including read taxonomy and read recruitment analyses. To explore the ecological roles of Rhodobacteraceae, we applied genome-centric metagenomics, reconstructing 45 metagenome-assembled genomes. Functional annotation of these genomes revealed that dominant Rhodobacteraceae genera, such as Marivita, Ruegeria, Dinoroseobacter, and Aliiroseovarius, are involved in vital ecological processes, including complex carbohydrate degradation, aerobic denitrification, assimilatory nitrate reduction, ammonium assimilation, and sulfur oxidation. Overall, our study reveals that the common practice of carbohydrate addition in biofloc aquaculture systems fosters the growth of specific heterotrophic bacterial communities, particularly Rhodobacteraceae. These bacteria contribute to maintaining water quality by removing toxic nitrogen and sulfur compounds and enhance animal health by colonizing gut microbiota and exerting probiotic effects.

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Ecological disposal of bauxite tailings and red mud: A sustainable strategy for bauxite industrial waste reuse
Xusheng Jiang, Xuehong Zhang, Xijun Liu, Hui Qiu, Mengting Lin, Guo Yu, Shouhui Zhang, Jie Liu
Resources, Conservation and Recycling.2025; 218: 108259. CrossRef
Variation of Microorganisms and Water Quality, and Their Impacts on the Production of Penaeus vannamei in Small-Scale Greenhouse Ponds
Siyu Wu, Haochang Su, Lei Su, Yucheng Cao, Guoliang Wen, Yu Xu, Bin Shen, Shanshan Wu, Yuting Su, Xiaojuan Hu
Microorganisms.2025; 13(3): 546. CrossRef

Genomic Characterization and Comparative Analysis of Streptococcus zhangguiae sp. nov. Isolated from the Respiratory Tract of Marmota Himalayana: Caixin Yang, Jiajia Ma, Huimin Zhou, Jing Yang, Ji Pu, Shan Lu, Dong Jin, Liyun Liu, Kui Dong, Jianguo Xu; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(11):951-963. Published online November 4, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00177-2

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Abstract: Two Gram-stain-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, facultative anaerobic, α-hemolytic, coccus-shaped bacteria (zg-86^T and zg-70) were isolated from the respiratory tracts of marmots (Marmota Himalayana) on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and 545 core genes revealed that these two strains belong to the Streptococcus genus. These strains were most closely related to Streptococcus respiraculi HTS25^T, Streptococcus cuniculi CCUG 65085^T, and Streptococcus marmotae HTS5^T. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA‒DNA hybridization (dDDH) were below the threshold for species delineation. The predominant cellular fatty acids (CFAs) in this novel species were C_16:0, C_18:0, and C_18:1ω9c, whereas the primary polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and an unknown phosphoglycolipid (PGL). The optimal growth conditions for the strains were 37 °C, pH 7.0, and 0.5% (w/v) NaCl on brain-heart infusion (BHI) agar supplemented with 5% defibrinated sheep blood. Comparative genomics analyses revealed the potential pathogenicity of strain zg-86^T through comparisons with suis subclade strains in terms of virulence factors, pathogen-host interactions (PHIs) and mobile genetic factors (MGEs). Based on the phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses, we propose that these two isolates represent novel species in the genus Streptococcus, for which the names Streptococcus zhangguiae sp. nov. (the type strain zg-86^T=GDMCC 1.1758^T=JCM 34273^T) is proposed.

Review

Extensive Genomic Rearrangement of Catalase-Less Cyanobloom-Forming Microcystis aeruginosa in Freshwater Ecosystems: Minkyung Kim, Jaejoon Jung, Wonjae Kim, Yerim Park, Che Ok Jeon, Woojun Park; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(11):933-950. Published online October 8, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00172-7

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Abstract: Many of the world's freshwater ecosystems suffer from cyanobacteria-mediated blooms and their toxins. However, a mechanistic understanding of why and how Microcystis aeruginosa dominates over other freshwater cyanobacteria during warmer summers is lacking. This paper utilizes comparative genomics with other cyanobacteria and literature reviews to predict the gene functions and genomic architectures of M. aeruginosa based on complete genomes. The primary aim is to understand this species' survival and competitive strategies in warmer freshwater environments. M. aeruginosa strains exhibiting a high proportion of insertion sequences (~ 11%) possess genomic structures with low synteny across different strains. This indicates the occurrence of extensive genomic rearrangements and the presence of many possible diverse genotypes that result in greater population heterogeneities than those in other cyanobacteria in order to increase survivability during rapidly changing and threatening environmental challenges. Catalase-less M. aeruginosa strains are even vulnerable to low light intensity in freshwater environments with strong ultraviolet radiation. However, they can continuously grow with the help of various defense genes (e.g., egtBD, cruA, and mysABCD) and associated bacteria. The strong defense strategies against biological threats (e.g., antagonistic bacteria, protozoa, and cyanophages) are attributed to dense exopolysaccharide (EPS)-mediated aggregate formation with efficient buoyancy and the secondary metabolites of M. aeruginosa cells. Our review with extensive genome analysis suggests that the ecological vulnerability of M. aeruginosa cells can be overcome by diverse genotypes, secondary defense metabolites, reinforced EPS, and associated bacteria.

Journal Articles

Saxibacter everestensis gen. nov., sp. nov., A Novel Member of the Family Brevibacteriaceae, Isolated from the North Slope of Mount Everest: Mao Tian, Shiyu Wu, Wei Zhang, Gaosen Zhang, Xue Yu, Yujie Wu, Puchao Jia, Binglin Zhang, Tuo Chen, Guangxiu Liu; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(4):277-284. Published online March 6, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00108-1

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Abstract: We isolated and analyzed a novel, Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile actinobacterium, designated as strain ZFBP1038(T), from rock sampled on the north slope of Mount Everest. The growth requirements of this strain were 10-37 °C, pH 4-10, and 0-6% (w/v) NaCl. The sole respiratory quinone was MK-9, and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(17:0). Peptidoglycan containing meso-diaminopimelic acid, ribose, and glucose were the major cell wall sugars, while polar lipids included diphosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl glycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, and an unidentified glycolipid. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain ZFBP1038(T) has the highest similarity with Spelaeicoccus albus DSM 26341( T) (96.02%). ZFBP1038(T) formed a distinct monophyletic clade within the family Brevibacteriaceae and was distantly related to the genus Spelaeicoccus. The G + C content of strain ZFBP1038(T) was 63.65 mol% and the genome size was 4.05 Mb. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization, average nucleotide identity, and average amino acid identity values between the genomes of strain ZFBP1038(T) and representative reference strains were 19.3-25.2, 68.0-71.0, and 52.8-60.1%, respectively. Phylogenetic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic characteristics as well as comparative genome analyses suggested that strain ZFBP1038(T) represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Saxibacter gen. nov., sp. nov. was assigned with the type strain Saxibacter everestensis ZFBP1038(T) (= EE 014( T) = GDMCC 1.3024( T) = JCM 35335( T)).

Impact of Elevational Gradients and Chemical Parameters on Changes in Soil Bacterial Diversity Under Semiarid Mountain Region: Salman Khan , Chun Han , Awais Iqbal , Chao Guan , Changming Zhao; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(10):903-915. Published online November 23, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00085-x

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Abstract: Elevation gradients, often regarded as “natural experiments or laboratories”, can be used to study changes in the distribution of microbial diversity related to changes in environmental conditions that typically occur over small geographical scales. We obtained bacterial sequences using MiSeq sequencing and clustered them into operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The total number of reads obtained by the bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing analysis was 1,090,555, with an average of approximately 45,439 reads per sample collected from various elevations. The current study observed inconsistent bacterial diversity patterns in samples from the lowest to highest elevations. 983 OTUs were found common among all the elevations. The most unique OTUs were found in the soil sample from elevation_2, followed by elevation_1. Soil sample collected at elevation_6 had the least unique OTUs. Actinobacteria, Protobacteria, Chloroflexi were found most abundant bacterial phyla in current study. Ammonium nitrogen ( NH4 +-N), and total phosphate (TP) are the main factors influencing bacterial diversity at elevations_ 1. pH was the main factor influencing the bacterial diversity at elevations_2, elevation_3 and elevation_4. Our results provide new visions on forming and maintaining soil microbial diversity along an elevational gradient and have implications for microbial responses to environmental change in semiarid mountain ecosystems.

Quantitative Analysis of RNA Polymerase Slippages for Production of P3N‑PIPO Trans‑frame Fusion Proteins in Potyvirids: Dongjin Choi , Yoonsoo Hahn; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(10):917-927. Published online October 16, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00083-z

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Abstract

Potyvirids, members of the family Potyviridae, produce the P3N-PIPO protein, which is crucial for the cell-to-cell transport of viral genomic RNAs. The production of P3N-PIPO requires an adenine (A) insertion caused by RNA polymerase slippage at a conserved GAA AAA A ( GA6) sequence preceding the PIPO open reading frame. Presently, the slippage rate of RNA polymerase has been estimated in only a few potyvirids, ranging from 0.8 to 2.1%. In this study, we analyzed publicly available plant RNA-seq data and identified 19 genome contigs from 13 distinct potyvirids. We further investigated the RNA polymerase slippage rates at the GA6 motif. Our analysis revealed that the frequency of the A insertion variant ranges from 0.53 to 4.07% in 11 potyviruses (genus Potyvirus). For the two macluraviruses (genus Macluravirus), the frequency of the A insertion variant was found to be 0.72% and 10.96% respectively. Notably, the estimated RNA polymerase slippage rates for 12 out of the 13 investigated potyvirids were reported for the first time in this study. Our findings underscore the value of plant RNA-seq data for quantitative analysis of potyvirid genome variants, specifically at the GA6 slippage site, and contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the RNA polymerase slippage phenomenon in potyvirids.

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Discovery of novel tepovirus genomes with a nucleic acid-binding protein homolog by systematic analysis of plant transcriptome data
Dongjin Choi, Hyerin Park, Seungwoo Baek, Myeung Seok Choi, Sylvain Legay, Gea Guerriero, Jean-François Hausman, Yoonsoo Hahn
Acta Virologica.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Potyviral Helper-Component Protease: Multifaced Functions and Interactions with Host Proteins
Veronika Hýsková, Kateřina Bělonožníková, Josef Chmelík, Hana Hoffmeisterová, Noemi Čeřovská, Tomáš Moravec, Helena Ryšlavá
Plants.2024; 13(9): 1236. CrossRef
Reconceptualizing transcriptional slippage in plant RNA viruses
Adrian A. Valli, María Luisa Domingo-Calap, Alfonso González de Prádena, Juan Antonio García, Hongguang Cui, Cécile Desbiez, Juan José López-Moya, Shou-Wei Ding, Andrew Firth
mBio.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Characteristic alterations of gut microbiota in uncontrolled gout: Asad ul-Haq , Kyung-Ann Lee , Hoonhee Seo , Sukyung Kim , Sujin Jo , Kyung Min Ko , Su-Jin Moon , Yun Sung Kim , Jung Ran Choi , Ho-Yeon Song , Hyun-Sook Kim; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(12):1178-1190. Published online November 24, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2416-1

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Abstract

Microbiome research has been on the rise recently for a more in-depth understanding of gout. Meanwhile, there is a need to understand the gut microbiome related to uric acid-lowering drug resistance. In this study, 16S rRNA gene-based microbiota analysis was performed for a total of 65 stool samples from 17 healthy controls and 48 febuxostat-treated gout patients (including 28 controlled subjects with decreased uric acid levels and 20 uncontrolled subjects with non-reduced uric acid levels). Alpha diversity of bacterial community decreased in the healthy control, controlled, and uncontrolled groups. In the case of beta diversity, the bacterial community was significantly different among groups (healthy control, controlled, and uncontrolled groups). Taxonomic biomarker analysis revealed the increased population of g-Bifidobacterium in healthy controls and g-Prevotella in uncontrolled patients. PCR further confirmed this result at the species level. Additionally, functional metagenomics predictions led to the exploration of various functional biomarkers, including purine metabolism. The results of this study can serve as a basis for developing potential new strategies for diagnosing and treating gout from microbiome prospects.

Citations

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Different Prostatic Tissue Microbiomes between High- and Low-Grade Prostate Cancer Pathogenesis
Jae Heon Kim, Hoonhee Seo, Sukyung Kim, Md Abdur Rahim, Sujin Jo, Indrajeet Barman, Hanieh Tajdozian, Faezeh Sarafraz, Ho-Yeon Song, Yun Seob Song
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(16): 8943. CrossRef
Reassessing Gout Management through the Lens of Gut Microbiota
Jean Demarquoy, Oumaima Dehmej
Applied Microbiology.2024; 4(2): 824. CrossRef
Changes in gut microbiota structure and function in gout patients
Feiyan Zhao, Zhixin Zhao, Dafu Man, Zhihong Sun, Ning Tie, Hongbin Li, Heping Zhang
Food Bioscience.2023; 54: 102912. CrossRef
Effect of a Novel Handheld Photobiomodulation Therapy Device in the Management of Chemoradiation Therapy-Induced Oral Mucositis in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Case Series Study
In-Young Jo, Hyung-Kwon Byeon, Myung-Jin Ban, Jae-Hong Park, Sang-Cheol Lee, Yong Kyun Won, Yun-Su Eun, Jae-Yun Kim, Na-Gyeong Yang, Sul-Hee Lee, Pyeongan Lee, Nam-Hun Heo, Sujin Jo, Hoonhee Seo, Sukyung Kim, Ho-Yeon Song, Jung-Eun Kim
Photonics.2023; 10(3): 241. CrossRef
New drug targets for the treatment of gout arthritis: what’s new?
Tiago H. Zaninelli, Geovana Martelossi-Cebinelli, Telma Saraiva-Santos, Sergio M. Borghi, Victor Fattori, Rubia Casagrande, Waldiceu A. Verri
Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets.2023; 27(8): 679. CrossRef
A dynamics association study of gut barrier and microbiota in hyperuricemia
Qiulan Lv, Jun Zhou, Changyao Wang, Xiaomin Yang, Yafei Han, Quan Zhou, Ruyong Yao, Aihua Sui
Frontiers in Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Biochemical Recurrence in Prostate Cancer Is Associated with the Composition of Lactobacillus: Microbiome Analysis of Prostatic Tissue
Jae Heon Kim, Hoonhee Seo, Sukyung Kim, Asad Ul-Haq, Md Abdur Rahim, Sujin Jo, Ho-Yeon Song, Yun Seob Song
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(13): 10423. CrossRef
Remote effects of kidney drug transporter OAT1 on gut microbiome composition and urate homeostasis
Vladimir S. Ermakov, Jeffry C. Granados, Sanjay K. Nigam
JCI Insight.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Causal Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Gout: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Mengna Wang, Jiayao Fan, Zhaohui Huang, Dan Zhou, Xue Wang
Nutrients.2023; 15(19): 4260. CrossRef
Emerging Urate-Lowering Drugs and Pharmacologic Treatment Strategies for Gout: A Narrative Review
Robert Terkeltaub
Drugs.2023; 83(16): 1501. CrossRef
Characterization of Fecal Microbiomes of Osteoporotic Patients in Korea
Asad Ul-Haq, Hoonhee Seo, Sujin Jo, Hyuna Park, Sukyung Kim, Youngkyoung Lee, Saebim Lee, Je Hoon Jeong, Ho‑Yeon Song
Polish Journal of Microbiology.2022; 71(4): 601. CrossRef

Description of Polaribacter batillariae sp. nov., Polaribacter cellanae sp. nov., and Polaribacter pectinis sp. nov., novel bacteria isolated from the gut of three types of South Korean shellfish: Su-Won Jeong , Jeong Eun Han , June-Young Lee , Ji-Ho Yoo , Do-Yeon Kim , In Chul Jeong , Jee-Won Choi , Yun-Seok Jeong , Jae-Yun Lee , So-Yeon Lee , Euon Jung Tak , Hojun Sung , Hyun Sik Kim , Pil Soo Kim , Dong-Wook Hyun , Jin-Woo Bae; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(6):576-584. Published online April 18, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1604-3

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Abstract

Three aerobic, Gram-negative, and rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated strains G4M1T, SM13T, and L12M9T, were isolated from the gut of Batillaria multiformis, Cellana toreuma, and Patinopecten yessoensis collected from the Yellow Sea in South Korea. All the strains grew optimally at 25°C, in the presence of 2% (w/v) NaCl, and at pH 7. These three strains, which belonged to the genus Polaribacter in the family Flavobacteriaceae, shared < 98.8% in 16S rRNA gene sequence and < 86.68% in whole-genome sequence with each other. Compared with the type strains of Polaribacter, isolates showed the highest sequence similarity to P. haliotis KCTC 52418T (< 98.68%), followed by P. litorisediminis KCTC 52500T (< 98.13%). All the strains contained MK-6 as their predominant menaquinone and iso-C15:0 as their major fatty acid. Moreover, all the strains had phosphatidylethanolamine as their polar lipid component. In addition, strain G4M1T had two unidentified lipids and three unidentified aminolipids, strain SM13T had three unidentified lipids and three unidentified aminolipids, and strain L12M9T had three unidentified lipids and one unidentified aminolipid. The DNA G + C contents of strains G4M1T, SM13T, and L12M9T were 31.0, 30.4, and 29.7 mol%, respectively. Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic findings, strains G4M1T (= KCTC 82388T = DSM 112372T), SM13T (= KCTC 82389T = DSM 112373T), and L12M9T (= KCTC 62751T = DSM 112374T) were classified into the genus Polaribacter as the type strains of novel species, for which the names Polaribacter batillariae sp. nov., Polaribacter cellanae sp. nov., and Polaribacter pectinis sp. nov., respectively, have been proposed.

Citations

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Unique skin microbiome: insights to understanding bacterial symbionts in octopuses
Chelsea O. Bennice, Lauren E. Krausfeldt, W. Randy Brooks, Jose V. Lopez
Frontiers in Marine Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
An update on novel taxa and revised taxonomic status of bacteria isolated from aquatic host species described in 2022–2023
Claire R. Burbick, Sara D. Lawhon, Brittany Bukouras, Giovanna Lazzerini, Erik Munson, Romney M. Humphries
Journal of Clinical Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Polaribacter ponticola sp. nov., isolated from seawater, reclassification of Polaribacter undariae as a later heterotypic synonym of Polaribacter sejongensis, and emended description of Polaribacter sejongensis Kim et al. 2013
Ju Hye Baek, Mahrukh Butt, Dong Min Han, Jeong Min Kim, Seohui Choi, Che Ok Jeon
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Rhodobacteraceae are Prevalent and Ecologically Crucial Bacterial Members in Marine Biofloc Aquaculture
Meora Rajeev, Jang-Cheon Cho
Journal of Microbiology.2024; 62(11): 985. CrossRef
Validation List no. 207. Valid publication of new names and new combinations effectively published outside the IJSEM
Aharon Oren, George Garrity
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Nocardioides palaemonis sp. nov. and Tessaracoccus palaemonis sp. nov., isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of lake prawn
Do-Yeon Kim, In-Chul Jeong, So-Yeon Lee, Yun-Seok Jeong, Jeong Eun Han, Euon Jung Tak, June-Young Lee, Pil Soo Kim, Dong-Wook Hyun, Jin-Woo Bae
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Salicibibacter cibarius sp. nov. and Salicibibacter cibi sp. nov., two novel species of the family Bacillaceae isolated from kimchi: Young Joon Oh , Joon Yong Kim , Seul Ki Lim , Min-Sung Kwon , Hak-Jong Choi; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(5):460-466. Published online April 28, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0513-1

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Abstract

To date, all species in the genus Salicibibacter have been isolated in Korean commercial kimchi. We aimed to describe the taxonomic characteristics of two strains, NKC5-3T and NKC21-4T, isolated from commercial kimchi collected from various regions in the Republic of Korea. Cells of these strains were rod-shaped, Gram-positive, aerobic, oxidase- and catalase- positive, non-motile, halophilic, and alkalitolerant. Both strains, unlike other species of the genus Salicibibacter, could not grow without NaCl. Strains NKC5-3T and NKC21-4T could tolerate up to 25.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 10%) and grow at pH 7.0–10.0 (optimum 8.5) and 8.0–9.0 (optimum 8.5), respectively; they showed 97.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each other and were most closely related to S. kimchii NKC1-1T (97.0% and 96.8% similarity, respectively). The genome of strain NKC5-3T was nearly 4.6 Mb in size, with 4,456 protein-coding sequences (CDSs), whereas NKC21-4T genome was nearly 3.9 Mb in size, with 3,717 CDSs. OrthoANI values between the novel strains and S. kimchii NKC1-1T were far lower than the species demarcation threshold. NKC5-3T and NKC21-4T clustered together to form branches that were distinct from the other Salicibibacter species. The major fatty acids in these strains were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0, and the predominant menaquinone was menaquinone-7. The polar lipids of NKC5-3T included diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and five unidentified phospholipids (PL), and those of NKC21-4T included DPG, PG, seven unidentified PLs, and an unidentified lipid. Both isolates had DPG, which is the first case in the genus Salicibibacter. The genomic G + C content of strains NKC5-3T and NKC21-4T was 44.7 and 44.9 mol%, respectively. Based on phenotypic, genomic, phylogenetic, and chemotaxonomic analyses, strains NKC5-3T (= KACC 22040T = DSM 111417T) and NKC21-4T (= KACC 22041T = DSM 111418T) represent two novel species of the genus Salicibibacter, for which the names Salicibibacter cibarius sp. nov. and Salicibibacter cibi sp. nov. are proposed.

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Valid publication of new names and new combinations effectively published outside the IJSEM
Aharon Oren, George M. Garrity
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2021;[Epub] CrossRef

The effect of the HRB linker of Newcastle disease virus fusion protein on the fusogenic activity: Yaqing Liu , Ying Liu , Yanan Huang , Hongling Wen , Li Zhao , Yanyan Song , Zhiyu Wang; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(5):513-521. Published online March 29, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0539-4

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Abstract

Newcastle disease, designated a class A disease of poultry by the Office international des epizooties (OIE), is an acute infection caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The merging of the envelope of NDV with the membrane of a target host cell is the key step in the infection pathway, which is driven by the concerted action of two glycoproteins: haemagglutinin- neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) protein. When the HN protein binds to the host cell surface receptor, the F protein is activated to mediate fusion. The three-dimensional structure of the F protein has been reported to have low electron density between the DIII domain and the HRB domain, and this electron-poor region is defined as the HRB linker. To clarify the contributing role of the HRB linker in the NDV F protein-mediated fusion process, 6 single amino acid mutants were obtained by site-directed mutagenesis of the HRB linker. The expression of the mutants and their abilities to mediate fusion were analysed, and the key amino acids in the HRB linker were identified as L436, E439, I450, and S453, as they can modulate the fusion ability or expression of the active form to a certain extent. The data shed light on the crucial role of the F protein HRB linker in the acquisition of a normal fusogenic phenotype.

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Evaluation of Newcastle disease virus LaSota strain attenuated by codon pair deoptimization of the HN and F genes for in ovo vaccination
Fatma Eldemery, Changbo Ou, Taejoong Kim, Stephen Spatz, John Dunn, Robert Silva, Qingzhong Yu
Veterinary Microbiology.2023; 277: 109625. CrossRef
Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Bovine Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 in Cattle Herds in China
Yunxin Ren, Cheng Tang, Hua Yue
Animals.2023; 13(5): 793. CrossRef
Direct interaction of the molecular chaperone GRP78/BiP with the Newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein plays a vital role in viral attachment to and infection of culture cells
Chenxin Han, Ziwei Xie, Yadi Lv, Dingxiang Liu, Ruiai Chen
Frontiers in Immunology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Adaptor complex-mediated trafficking of Newcastle disease virus fusion protein is regulated by the YLMY motif of its cytoplasmic tail
Yawen Bu, Qingyuan Teng, Delan Feng, Rong Liang, Haoran Wang, Xuehui Zhang, Xiao Li, Wenfeng Jia, Jia Xue, Ye Zhao, Guozhong Zhang
Virulence.2022; 13(1): 1849. CrossRef
YLMY Tyrosine Residue within the Cytoplasmic Tail of Newcastle Disease Virus Fusion Protein Regulates Its Surface Expression to Modulate Viral Budding and Pathogenicity
Yawen Bu, Qingyuan Teng, Delan Feng, Lu Sun, Jia Xue, Guozhong Zhang, Peter Pelka
Microbiology Spectrum.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Role of melatonin in murine “restraint stress”-induced dysfunction of colonic microbiota: Rutao Lin , Zixu Wang , Jing Cao , Ting Gao , Yulan Dong , Yaoxing Chen; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(5):500-512. Published online February 25, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0305-7

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Abstract

Intestinal diseases caused by physiological stress have become a severe public health threat worldwide. Disturbances in the gut microbiota-host relationship have been associated with irritable bowel disease (IBD), while melatonin (MT) has antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which MT-mediated protection mitigated stress-induced intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation. We successfully established a murine restraint stress model with and without MT supplementation. Mice subjected to restraint stress had significantly elevated corticosterone (CORT) levels, decreased MT levels in their plasma, elevated colonic ROS levels and increased bacterial abundance, including Bacteroides and Tyzzerella, in their colon tract, which led to elevated expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/4, p-P65 and p-IκB. In contrast, supplementation with 20 mg/kg MT reversed the elevation of the plasma CORT levels, downregulated the colon ROS levels and inhibited the changes in the intestinal microbiota induced by restraint stress. These effects, in turn, inhibited the activities of TLR2 and TLR4, p-P65 and p-IκB, and decreased the inflammatory reaction induced by restraint stress. Our results suggested that MT may mitigate “restraint stress”-induced colonic microbiota dysbiosis and intestinal inflammation by inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB pathway.

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Microbial melatonin metabolism in the human intestine as a therapeutic target for dysbiosis and rhythm disorders
Petra Zimmermann, Salome Kurth, Benoit Pugin, Nicholas A. Bokulich
npj Biofilms and Microbiomes.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Xuemeng Wan, Liyuan Wang, Zhiling Wang, Chaomin Wan
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Review

Metaviromics coupled with phage-host identification to open the viral ‘black box’: Kira Moon , Jang-Cheon Cho; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(3):311-323. Published online February 23, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-1016-9

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Abstract

Viruses are found in almost all biomes on Earth, with bacteriophages (phages) accounting for the majority of viral particles in most ecosystems. Phages have been isolated from natural environments using the plaque assay and liquid medium- based dilution culturing. However, phage cultivation is restricted by the current limitations in the number of culturable bacterial strains. Unlike prokaryotes, which possess universally conserved 16S rRNA genes, phages lack universal marker genes for viral taxonomy, thus restricting cultureindependent analyses of viral diversity. To circumvent these limitations, shotgun viral metagenome sequencing (i.e., metaviromics) has been developed to enable the extensive sequencing of a variety of viral particles present in the environment and is now widely used. Using metaviromics, numerous studies on viral communities have been conducted in oceans, lakes, rivers, and soils, resulting in many novel phage sequences. Furthermore, auxiliary metabolic genes such as ammonic monooxygenase C and β-lactamase have been discovered in viral contigs assembled from viral metagenomes. Current attempts to identify putative bacterial hosts of viral metagenome sequences based on sequence homology have been limited due to viral sequence variations. Therefore, culture- independent approaches have been developed to predict bacterial hosts using single-cell genomics and fluorescentlabeling. This review focuses on recent viral metagenome studies conducted in natural environments, especially in aquatic ecosystems, and their contributions to phage ecology. Here, we concluded that although metaviromics is a key tool for the study of viral ecology, this approach must be supplemented with phage-host identification, which in turn requires the cultivation of phage-bacteria systems.

Citations

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Long-read powered viral metagenomics in the oligotrophic Sargasso Sea
Joanna Warwick-Dugdale, Funing Tian, Michelle L. Michelsen, Dylan R. Cronin, Karen Moore, Audrey Farbos, Lauren Chittick, Ashley Bell, Ahmed A. Zayed, Holger H. Buchholz, Luis M. Bolanos, Rachel J. Parsons, Michael J. Allen, Matthew B. Sullivan, Ben Tempe
Nature Communications.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Tools and methodology to in silico phage discovery in freshwater environments
Carlos Willian Dias Dantas, David Tavares Martins, Wylerson Guimarães Nogueira, Oscar Victor Cardenas Alegria, Rommel Thiago Jucá Ramos
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A Pseudomonas Lysogenic Bacteriophage Crossing the Antarctic and Arctic, Representing a New Genus of Autographiviridae
Zhenyu Liu, Wenhui Jiang, Cholsong Kim, Xiaoya Peng, Cong Fan, Yingliang Wu, Zhixiong Xie, Fang Peng
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(8): 7662. CrossRef
Evaluation of the ABL NGS assay for HIV-1 drug resistance testing
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Rafael Tamayo-Trujillo, Patricia Guevara-Ramírez, Santiago Cadena-Ullauri, Elius Paz-Cruz, Viviana A. Ruiz-Pozo, Ana Karina Zambrano
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Metaviromics analysis of marine biofilm reveals a glycoside hydrolase endolysin with high specificity towards Acinetobacter baumannii
Georgios E. Premetis, Nikolaos D. Georgakis, Angeliki Stathi, Nikolaos E. Labrou
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics.2023; 1871(4): 140918. CrossRef
Comparative genomic analysis of five freshwater cyanophages and reference-guided metagenomic data mining
Kang Du, Feng Yang, Jun-Tao Zhang, Rong-Cheng Yu, Ziqing Deng, Wei-Fang Li, Yuxing Chen, Qiong Li, Cong-Zhao Zhou
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Phage-Host Prediction Using a Computational Tool Coupled with 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Sequencing
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Journal Articles

Monthly distribution of ammonia-oxidizing microbes in a tropical bay: Tie-Qiang Mao , Yan-Qun Li , Hong-Po Dong , Wen-Na Yang , Li-Jun Hou; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(1):10-19. Published online November 17, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0287-5

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Abstract: Ammonia oxidation, performed by ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB), plays a critical role in the cycle of nitrogen in the ocean. For now, environmental variables controlling distribution of ammonia-oxidizing microbes are still largely unknown in oceanic environments. In this study, we used real-time quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing
methods
to investigate the abundance and diversity of AOA and AOB from sediment and water in Zhanjiang Bay. Phylogenic analysis revealed that the majority of AOA amoA sequences in water and sediment were affiliated with the genus Nitrosopumilus, whereas the Nitrosotalea cluster was only detected with low abundance in water. Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira dominated AOB amoA sequences in water and sediment, respectively. The amoA copy numbers of both AOA and AOB varied significantly with month for both sediment and water. When water and sediment temperature dropped to 17– 20°C in December and February, respectively, the copy number of AOB amoA genes increased markedly and was much higher than for AOA amoA genes. Also, AOA abundance in water peaked in December when water temperature was lowest (17–20°C). Stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed that temperature was the most key factor driving monthly changes of AOA or AOB abundance. It is inferred that low water temperature may inhibit growth of phytoplankton and other microbes and so reduce competition for a common substrate, ammonium.

Similarities and differences between 6S RNAs from Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Sinorhizobium meliloti: Olga Y. Burenina , Daria A. Elkina , Anzhela Y. Migur , Tatiana S. Oretskaya , Elena Evguenieva-Hackenberg , RolK. Hartmann , Elena A. Kubareva; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(11):945-956. Published online October 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-0283-1

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Abstract

6S RNA, a conserved and abundant small non-coding RNA found in most bacteria, regulates gene expression by inhibiting RNA polymerase (RNAP) holoenzyme. 6S RNAs from α-proteobacteria have been studied poorly so far. Here, we present a first in-depth analysis of 6S RNAs from two α-proteobacteria species, Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Sinorhizobium meliloti. Although both belong to the order Rhizobiales and are typical nitrogen-fixing symbionts of legumes, their 6S RNA expression profiles were found to differ: B. japonicum 6S RNA accumulated in the stationary phase, thus being reminiscent of Escherichia coli 6S RNA, whereas S. meliloti 6S RNA level peaked at the transition to the stationary phase, similarly to Rhodobacter sphaeroides 6S RNA. We demonstrated in vitro that both RNAs have hallmarks of 6S RNAs: they bind to the σ70-type RNAP holoenzyme and serve as templates for de novo transcription of so-called product RNAs (pRNAs) ranging in length from ~13 to 24 nucleotides, with further evidence of the synthesis of even longer pRNAs. Likewise, stably bound pRNAs were found to rearrange the 6S RNA structure to induce its dissociation from RNAP. Compared with B. japonicum 6S RNA, considerable conformational heterogeneity was observed for S. meliloti 6S RNA and its complexes with pRNAs, even though the two 6S RNAs share ~75% sequence identity. Overall, our findings suggest that the two rhizobial 6S RNAs have diverged with respect to their regulatory impact on gene expression throughout the bacterial life cycle.

Citations

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Bacteria Adaptation Mechanisms to Stress Conditions with Small Non-Coding RNAs Participation
A. S. Karpov, D. A. Elkina, T. S. Oretskaya, E. A. Kubareva
Биоорганическая химия.2023; 49(6): 555. CrossRef
Bacterial Adaptation Mechanisms to Stress Conditions with Small Non-Coding RNAs Participation (A Review)
A. S. Karpov, D. A. Elkina, T. S. Oretskaya, E. A. Kubareva
Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry.2023; 49(6): 1198. CrossRef
Structural and Functional Insight into the Mechanism of Bacillus subtilis 6S-1 RNA Release from RNA Polymerase
Sweetha Ganapathy, Philipp G. Hoch, Marcus Lechner, Malte Bussiek, Roland K. Hartmann
Non-Coding RNA.2022; 8(1): 20. CrossRef
Involvement of E. coli 6S RNA in Oxidative Stress Response
Olga Y. Burenina, Daria A. Elkina, Anna Ovcharenko, Valeria A. Bannikova, M. Amri C. Schlüter, Tatiana S. Oretskaya, Roland K. Hartmann, Elena A. Kubareva
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(7): 3653. CrossRef
Ms1 RNA Interacts With the RNA Polymerase Core in Streptomyces coelicolor and Was Identified in Majority of Actinobacteria Using a Linguistic Gene Synteny Search
Viola Vaňková Hausnerová, Olga Marvalová, Michaela Šiková, Mahmoud Shoman, Jarmila Havelková, Milada Kambová, Martina Janoušková, Dilip Kumar, Petr Halada, Marek Schwarz, Libor Krásný, Jarmila Hnilicová, Josef Pánek
Frontiers in Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Detection of Small Products of Transcription from 6S RNA (pRNA) by “Mirror-Like” Northern Blot Hybridization
O. Y. Burenina, T. S. Oretskaya, E. A. Kubareva
Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry.2021; 47(2): 478. CrossRef

Chitosan-chelated zinc modulates cecal microbiota and attenuates inflammatory response in weaned rats challenged with Escherichia coli: Dan Feng , Minyang Zhang , Shiyi Tian , Jing Wang , Weiyun Zhu; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(9):780-792. Published online September 1, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-0056-x

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Abstract

Escherichia coli (E. coli) infection is very common among young growing animals, and zinc supplementation is often used to alleviate inflammation induced by this disease. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether chitosan- chelated zinc (CS-Zn) supplementation could attenuate gut injury induced by E. coli challenge and to explore how CSZn modulates cecal microbiota and alleviates intestinal inflammation in weaned rats challenged with E. coli. 36 weaned rats (55.65 ± 2.18 g of BW, n = 12) were divided into three treatment groups consisting of unchallenged rats fed a basal diet (Control) and two groups of rats challenged with E. coli and fed a basal diet or a diet containing 640 mg/kg CS-Zn (E. coli + CS-Zn, containing 50 mg/kg Zn) for a 14-day experiment. On days 10 to 12, each rat was given 4 ml of E. coli solution with a total bacteria count of 1010 CFU by oral gavage daily or normal saline of equal dosage. CS-Zn supplementation mitigated intestinal morphology impairment (e.g. higher crypt depth and lower macroscopic damage index) induced by E. coli challenge (P < 0.05), and alleviated the increase of Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity after E. coli challenge (P < 0.05). 16S rRNA sequencing analyses revealed that E. coli challenge significantly increased the abundance of Verrucomicrobia and E. coli (P < 0.05). However, CS-Zn supplementation increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Desulfovibrio and E. coli (P < 0.05). The concentrations of butyrate in the cecal digesta, which decreased due to the challenge, were higher in the E. coli + CS-Zn group (P < 0.05). In addition, CS-Zn supplementation significantly prevented the elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 concentration and upregulated the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 in cecal mucosa induced by E. coli infection (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these results indicate that CS-Zn produces beneficial effects in alleviating gut mucosal injury of E. coli challenged rats by enhancing the intestinal morphology and modulating cecal bacterial composition, as well as attenuating inflammatory response.

Citations

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Yaqi Chang, Ke Wang, Min Wen, Bing Wu, Guangmang Liu, Hua Zhao, Xiaoling Chen, Jingyi Cai, Gang Jia
Journal of Animal Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Research in Veterinary Science.2023; 157: 50. CrossRef
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International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2023; 242: 124777. CrossRef
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Sajid Ur Rahman, Haiyan Gong, Rongsheng Mi, Yan Huang, Xiangan Han, Zhaoguo Chen
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Yaqi Chang, Jia Mei, Ting Yang, Zhenyu Zhang, Guangmang Liu, Hua Zhao, Xiaoling Chen, Gang Tian, Jingyi Cai, Bing Wu, Fali Wu, Gang Jia
Frontiers in Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Guojun Hou, Minyang Zhang, Jing Wang, Weiyun Zhu
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.2021; 105(19): 7529. CrossRef
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