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- Long-term organic-inorganic fertilization ensures great soil productivity and bacterial diversity after natural-to-agricultural ecosystem conversion
- Weibing Xun , Zhihui Xu , Wei Li , Yi Ren , Ting Huang , Wei Ran , Boren Wang , Qirong Shen , Ruifu Zhang
- J. Microbiol. 2016;54(9):611-617. Published online August 31, 2016
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-6143-3
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- 18 Crossref
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Abstract
- Natural ecosystems comprise the planet’s wild plant and animal resources, but large tracts of land have been converted to agroecosystems to support the demand for agricultural products. This conversion limits the number of plant species and decreases the soil biological diversity. Here we used highthroughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing to evaluate the responses of soil bacterial communities in long-term converted and fertilized red soils (a type of Ferralic Cambisol). We observed that soil bacterial diversity was strongly affected by different types of fertilization management. Oligotrophic bacterial taxa demonstrated large relative abundances in chemically fertilized soil, whereas copiotrophic bacterial taxa were found in large relative abundances in organically fertilized and fallow management soils. Only organic-inorganic fertilization exhibited the same local taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity as that of a natural ecosystem. However, the independent use of organic or inorganic fertilizer reduced local taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity and caused biotic homogenization. This study demonstrated that the homogenization of bacterial communities caused by natural-to-agricultural ecosystem conversion can be mitigated by employing rational organic-inorganic fertilization managemen
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Citations
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Journal of Environmental Management.2022; 317: 115382. CrossRef - Impact of long-term application of manure and inorganic fertilizers on common soil bacteria in different soil types
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European Journal of Soil Biology.2021; 106: 103352. CrossRef - Fertilization strategies affect soil properties and abundance of N-cycling functional genes in an acidic agricultural soil
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Science of The Total Environment.2018; 642: 45. CrossRef - Effects of Reclaimed Water Irrigation on Microbial Diversity and Composition of Soil with Reducing Nitrogen Fertilization
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- Fertilization- and Irrigation-Modified Bacterial Community Composition and Stimulated Enzyme Activity of Eucalyptus Plantations Soil
- Characterization of promotor sequences for strong expression of groEx IN Escherichia coli.
- Lee, Jung E. , Lim, Ssang T. , Aha, Tae I.
- J. Microbiol. 1996;34(1):15-22.
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Abstract
- The cloned X-bacterial gene (groEx) which is analogous to groE of E. Coli strongly expressed in E. coli when grown at the temperature 27℃ or higher without having to add any inducers. By S1-nuclease mapping, primer extension analysis and site directed mutagenesis, we found 4 promoters in the gene. Among them two promoters located at 5'-extended region of the gene are homologous to the promoters found in groE family of heat-shock genes ; they are , σ^32 factor-dependent P1 promotor and σ^70 factor-dependet P2 promoter. The other two promoters found within the coding region of groESx were P3, 5'-TTGGCG-(18 bases)-AATACT-3' and P4, 5'-TTGGCA-(19 bases)-TAAGT which overlapped within 49 bases. These unique intragenic σ^70-dependent promoters are the first to be cloned and characterized in groE analogous heat-shock genes so far. These P3 and P4 promoters appeared to be responsible for the strong expression of GroElx in X-bacteria in vivo.
- Production of Stress-shock Proteins in Pseudomonas sp. DJ-12 Treated with 4-Hydroxybenzoate
- Park, Sang Ho , Oh, Kye Heon , Lee, Kil Jae , Kim, Chi Kyung
- J. Microbiol. 1998;36(4):273-279.
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Abstract
- Pseudomonas sp. DJ-12 can grow on 4-hydroxybenzoate (4HBA) at concentration of 5 mM or lower by degrading 4HBA for carbon and energy sources. The organisms were found to produce DnaK stress-shock protein when treated with several aromatic hydrocarbons including 4HBA. Those cells treated with 5 mM 4HBA exhibited increased tolerance to 10 mM concentration. In this study, the production of other stress-shock kproteins besides KnaK was examined in Pseudomonas sp. DJ-12 exposed to various concentrations of 4HBA, compraing the production of the proteins with their survival and degradation of 4HBA. The organisms could degrade 4HBA at 0.5 to 5 mM concentrations after 60 to 90 minutes of incubation. The survival rate of the organism decreased when treated with 4HBA at 10 mM or higher concentrations. The stress-shock proteins of DnaK, GroEL, and GroES were produced in the cells which were treated with 4HBA at 0.5 mM or higher concentrations for 10 minutes. Fifteen additional stress-shock proteins were produced in the cells which were treated with 5 mM 4HBA for 40 minutes. The DnaK and GroEL proteins in the cells gradually decreased upto 6 hours after the stress was removed from the culture.
- Synthesis and Requirement of Escherichia coli Heat Shock Proteins GroEL and DnaK for Survival under Phenol Stress Conditions
- Jeon, Taeck Joong , Lee, Kil Jae
- J. Microbiol. 1998;36(1):26-33.
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Abstract
- Exposure of Escherichia coli strain MC4100 to various concentrations of phenol at temperatures higher than 20℃ led to induction of stress proteins such as GroEL and DnaK, as analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting methods. The optimum range of phenol concentration for the induction of GroEL and DnaK was slightly different at each temperature of bacterial growth and phenol treatment. The level of GroEL increased as the temperatures of growth and phenol treatment were increased from 30℃ to 40℃. The level of induced FroEL was maximal in the wild type cells which had been grown and treated by 2000㎍/㎖ phenol at 40℃. In contrast to GroEL, the level of DnaK decreased as the temperatures of growth and phenol treatment were increased from 25℃ to 40℃. Dnak was maximally induced in the cells grown and exposed to 1000㎍/㎖ phenol at 25℃. In rpoH mutant cells KY1601, GroEL was not additionally induced by phenol treatment and DnaK was not even detectable under normal and phenol stress conditions. Viability of cells under the same conditions of phenol treatment showed that the phenol resistance in much more induced in wild type cells than rpoH mutant cells. These results suggest that the induction of GroEL and DnaK is required for the enhanced viability of cells under conditions of phenol stress.
- Continuous Synthesis of Escherichia coli GroEL at a High Temperature
- Young Hak Kwak , Kyong Sun Lee , Ji Yeon Kim , Dong Seok Lee , Han Bok Kim
- J. Microbiol. 2000;38(3):145-149.
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Abstract
- GroEL is a typical molecular chaperone. GroEL synthesis patterns at various culture temperatures in Escherichia coli were investigated in this study. No significant differences in the amount of GroEL produced from the chromosome were found at 30 and 37 C. However, GroEL production increased 3.4-fold at 42 C. GroEL synthesis was not transient but continuous at 42 C, although most heat shock gene expression is known to be transient. To understand the role of the groEL structural gene, a groE promoter-lacZ fusion was constructed. Interestingly, while transcriptional fusion is not thermally inducible, it is inducible by ethanol, suggesting that the secondary structure of the groEL transcript is involved in thermal regulation of the groEL gene. Secondary structures of groE mRNA at 37 and 42 C were compared using the computer program RNAdraw. Distinct structures at the two temperatures were found, and these structures may be related to a high level of GroEL expression at 42 C.
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