Journal of Microbiology

Journal Article

Activation of the SigE-SigB signaling pathway by inhibition of the respiratory electron transport chain and its effect on rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium smegmatis: Yuna Oh , Hye-In Lee , Ji-A Jeong , Seonghan Kim , Jeong-Il Oh; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(9):935-947. Published online August 1, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2202-0

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Using a mutant of Mycobacterium smegmatis lacking the major aa3 cytochrome c oxidase of the electron transport chain (Δaa3), we demonstrated that inhibition of the respiratory electron transport chain led to an increase in antibiotic resistance of M. smegmatis to isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and tetracycline. The alternative sigma factors SigB and SigE were shown to be involved in an increase in rifampicin resistance of M. smegmatis induced under respiration-inhibitory conditions. As in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, SigE and SigB form a hierarchical regulatory pathway in M. smegmatis through SigE-dependent transcription of sigB. Expression of sigB and sigE was demonstrated to increase in the Δaa3 mutant, leading to upregulation of the SigB-dependent genes in the mutant. The phoU2 (MSMEG_1605) gene implicated in a phosphatesignaling pathway and the MSMEG_1097 gene encoding a putative glycosyltransferase were identified to be involved in the SigB-dependent enhancement of rifampicin resistance observed for the Δaa3 mutant of M. smegmatis. The significance of this study is that the direct link between the functionality of the respiratory electron transport chain and antibiotic resistance in mycobacteria was demonstrated for the first time using an electron transport chain mutant rather than inhibitors of electron transport chain.

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Rel-dependent decrease in the expression of ribosomal protein genes by inhibition of the respiratory electron transport chain in Mycobacterium smegmatis
Na-Kyeong Kim, Jong-Eun Baek, Ye-Jin Lee, Yuna Oh, Jeong-Il Oh
Frontiers in Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
MoaB2, a newly identified transcription factor, binds to σ A in Mycobacterium smegmatis
Barbora Brezovská, Subhash Narasimhan, Michaela Šiková, Hana Šanderová, Tomáš Kovaľ, Nabajyoti Borah, Mahmoud Shoman, Debora Pospíšilová, Viola Vaňková Hausnerová, Dávid Tužinčin, Martin Černý, Jan Komárek, Martina Janoušková, Milada Kambová, Petr Halada,
Journal of Bacteriology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Enhanced hypoxanthine utilization for cAMP salvage synthesis efficiently by Arthrobacter sp. CCTCC 2013431 via xanthine oxidase inhibition
Baofeng Chen, Hai Tan, Chang Li, Linbo Li, Zhonghua Zhang, Zhigang Li
Biotechnology Letters.2024; 46(6): 1095. CrossRef
Mycobacterial Regulatory Systems Involved in the Regulation of Gene Expression Under Respiration-Inhibitory Conditions
Yuna Oh, Ha-Na Lee, Eon-Min Ko, Ji-A Jeong, Sae Woong Park, Jeong-Il Oh
Journal of Microbiology.2023; 61(3): 297. CrossRef

Review

MINIREVIEW] Fungi in salterns: Dawoon Chung† , Haryun Kim† , Hyun Seok Choi; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(9):717-724. Published online August 27, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-9195-3

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Abstract

Salterns are hypersaline extreme environments with unique physicochemical properties such as a salinity gradient. Although the investigation of microbiota in salterns has focused on archaea and bacteria, diverse fungi also thrive in the brine and soil of salterns. Fungi isolated from salterns are represented by black yeasts (Hortaea werneckii, Phaeotheca triangularis, Aureobasidium pullulans, and Trimmatostroma salinum), Cladosporium, Aspergillus, and Penicillium species. Most studies on saltern-derived fungi gave attention to black yeasts and their physiological characteristics, including growth under various culture conditions. Since then, biochemical and molecular tools have been employed to explore adaptation of these fungi to salt stress. Genome databases of several fungi in salterns are now publicly available and being used to elucidate salt tolerance mechanisms and discover the target genes for agricultural and industrial applications. Notably, the number of enzymes and novel metabolites known to be produced by diverse saltern-derived fungi has increased significantly. Therefore, fungi in salterns are not only interesting and important subjects to study fungal biodiversity and adaptive mechanisms in extreme environments, but also valuable bioresources with potential for biotechnological applications.

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Journal Article

Characterization of Flavobacterium aquimarinum sp. nov., a halotolerant bacterium isolated from seawater: Sylvia Kristyanto , Tuan Manh Nguyen , Dhiraj Kumar Chaudhary , Sang-Seob Lee , Jaisoo Kim; J. Microbiol. 2018;56(5):317-323. Published online May 2, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-7454-3

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Abstract

A novel, aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain Dol 15-39T, was isolated from a seawater sample near Geoje Island in the South Sea, Republic of Korea. The strain was found to be oxidase-negative and catalase-positive. The isolate was observed to grow at temperatures from 4 to 37°C, at salinities of up to 7%, and at pH levels from 6 to 9; moreover, it was not able to degrade starch, DNA, esculin, or tyrosine. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that Dol 15-39T was most closely related to Flavobacterium jumunjinense HME7102T with a sequence similarity of 97.3%. However, the levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between Dol 15-39T and the most closely related species were much lower than 70%, confirming that they represented distinct genomic species. The genomic DNA G + C content of Dol 15-39T was calculated to be 32.6 mol%. MK-6 was the predominant respiratory quinine, while iso-C15:0 (25.0%), iso- C15:1 G (17.0%), and iso-C17:0 3-OH (10.4%) were the major cellular fatty acids. Phosphatidylethanolamine was identified as a major polar lipid, while various unidentified aminolipids and polar lipids were also detected. Based on polyphasic taxonomic data, Dol 15-39T represents a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name F. aquimarinum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is accessible under the culture collection numbers (KEMB 9005-617T = JCM 31930T).

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Flavobacterium adhaerens sp. nov. and Flavobacterium maritimum sp. nov., two novel flavobacteria isolated from the Pearl River Estuary
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International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Flavobacterium frigoritolerans sp. nov. and Flavobacterium shii sp. nov., isolated from glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau
Lei-Lei Yang, Hong-Can Liu, Yu-Hua Xin, Qing Liu
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Virgibacillus xinjiangensis sp. nov., Isolated from a Salt Lake of Xin-jiang Province in China: Che Ok Jeon , Jeong Myeong Kim , Dong-Jin Park , Li-Hua Xu , Cheng-Lin Jiang , Chang-Jin Kim; J. Microbiol. 2009;47(6):705-709. Published online February 4, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-009-0107-9

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Abstract: A strictly aerobic Gram-positive, moderately halophilic spore forming bacterium, designated strain SL6-1T, was isolated from a salt lake in Xin-jiang province, China. Growth of strain SL6-1T was observed at NaCl concentrations of 0~20% (w/v) (the optimum being 5~7%, w/v). The peptidoglycan type of strain SL6-1T was A1γ-meso-diaminopimelic acid and its major cellular fatty acids were iso-C14:0 and iso-C16:0 and anteiso-C15:0. The major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and the G+C content of the genomic DNA was 44.5 mol%. The major cellular phospholipids were phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SL6-1T formed a phylogenetic lineage within the genus Virgibacillus. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the strain was most closely related to Virgibacillus olivae E308T, Virgibacillus kekensis YIM kkny16T, Virgibacillus marismortui DSM 12325T with 97.1%, 97.1%, and 97.0% gene sequence similarities, respectively and the sequence similarities to other related taxa were less than 96.7%. The DNA relatedness values between strain SL6-1T and V. olivae E308T, V. kekensis YIM kkny16T, V. marismortui DSM 12325T were 16.7%, 51.0%, and 22.8%, respectively. On the basis of physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic properties, strain SL6-1T represents a novel species, for which the name Virgibacillus xinjiangensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SL6-1T (=KCTC 13128T =DSM 19031T).

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