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Simultaneous gene editing of both nuclei in a dikaryotic strain of Ganoderma lucidum using Cas9-gRNA ribonucleoprotein
Yeon-Jae Choi, Hyerang Eom, Rutuja Nandre, Minseek Kim, Youn-Lee Oh, Sinil Kim, Hyeon-Su Ro
J. Microbiol. 2025;63(1):e.2409006.   Published online January 24, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2409006
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  • 5 Web of Science
  • 5 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material

The presence of multiple nuclei in a common cytoplasm poses a significant challenge to genetic modification in mushrooms. Here, we demonstrate successful gene editing in both nuclei of a dikaryotic strain of Ganoderma lucidum using the Cas9-gRNA ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP). The RNP targeting the pyrG gene was introduced into dikaryotic protoplasts of G. lucidum, resulting in the isolation of 31 mycelial colonies resistant to 5-fluoroorotic acid (5-FOA). Twenty-six of these isolates were confirmed as dikaryotic strains by the presence of two distinct A mating type markers, denoted as A1 and A2. All dikaryons exhibited clamp connections on their mycelial hyphae, while the remaining 5 transformants were monokaryotic. Subsequent sequence analysis of PCR amplicons targeting pyrG revealed that two dikaryons harbored disrupted pyrG in both nuclei (pyrG-/pyrG-), while 10 and 14 displayed pyrG+/pyrG- (A1/A2) and pyrG-/pyrG+ (A1/A2) configurations, respectively. The disruption was achieved through non-homologous end joining repair, involving deletion or insertion of DNA fragments at the site of the double-strand break induced by RNP. Importantly, the nuclei were stable throughout 10 serial transfers over a period of 6 months. These findings highlight the capability of RNP to target genes across multiple nuclei within the same cytoplasm.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Development of a CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing System in Dikaryotic Ganoderma lucidum for Targeting Key CYP450 Gene Involved in Triterpenoid Synthesis
    Beibei Dong, Yi Tan, Gen Zou, Na Feng, Linmeng Tang, Jie Feng, Yawen Zhang, Chuanhong Tang, Jingsong Zhang
    Journal of Fungi.2026; 12(3): 183.     CrossRef
  • Gene Editing in Ganoderma lucidum: Development, Challenges, and Future Prospects
    Shiqi He, Yuanchao Liu, Zhi Zhang, Manjun Cai, Yufan Hao, Huiping Hu
    Journal of Fungi.2025; 11(4): 310.     CrossRef
  • Development of a CRISPR/Cas9 RNP-mediated genetic engineering system in Paecilomyces variotii
    Hui-Gang Han, Rutuja Nandre, Hyerang Eom, Yeon-Jae Choi, Hyeon-Su Ro
    Journal of Microbiology.2025; 63(6): e2502011.     CrossRef
  • CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in filamentous fungi, focusing on mushrooms and plant-pathogenic fungi
    Rutuja Nandre, Hyerang Eom, Yeon-Jae Choi, Yanjiao Zhang, Hyeon-Su Ro
    Fungal Biology Reviews.2025; 54: 100446.     CrossRef
  • Screening of Monokaryotic Strains of Ganoderma sichuanense for Gene Editing Using CRISPR/Cas9
    Le Li, Yuxuan Liu, Jianzhong Wu, Nuan Wen, Yang Song, Xue Wang, Zhuang Li, Huiying Sun, Yongping Fu
    Journal of Fungi.2025; 12(1): 25.     CrossRef

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