Journal of Microbiology

Journal Articles

Availability of polyamines affects virulence and survival of Neisseria meningitidis: Poonam Kanojiya , Riya Joshi , Sunil D. Saroj; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(6):640-648. Published online April 18, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1589-y

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Neisseria meningitidis is a Gram-negative human-restricted pathogen that asymptomatically resides in the human respiratory tract. Meningococcal meningitis and sepsis both are caused by N. meningitidis. The bacterium must adhere to host epithelial cells in order to colonize effectively. The factors that determine the initial attachment to the host and dispersal, are not well understood. Metabolites released by the host may aid in meningococcal colonization and dissemination. Polyamines are aliphatic polycations that assist in cell survival and proliferation. The virulence properties of N. meningitidis after exposure to polyamines were investigated. Adhesion to nasopharyngeal epithelial cells increased in the presence of spermine. Also, the relative expression of adhesin, pilE increased in the presence of spermine. Further, relative expression of ctrA, ctrB and lipB was upregulated in the presence of spermidine, indicating increased capsule formation. Upregulated capsule synthesis of N. meningitidis in the presence of spermidine allows it to survive in murine macrophages. The study suggests the importance of the extracellular pool of polyamines in promoting virulence in N. meningitidis.

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Epsilon-poly-l-lysine inhibits biofilm formation and aids dispersion in Acinetobacter baumannii
Ujjayni Saha, Sakshi Shinde, Savita Jadhav, Sunil D. Saroj
Medicine in Microecology.2024; 21: 100110. CrossRef
Effect of respiratory tract co-colonizers on initial attachment of Neisseria meningitidis
Poonam Kanojiya, Sunil D. Saroj
Archives of Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Antibiotics modulates the virulence of Neisseria meningitidis by regulating capsule synthesis
Tiyasa Haldar, Riya Joshi, Sunil D. Saroj
Microbial Pathogenesis.2023; 179: 106117. CrossRef

Azohydromonas aeria sp. nov., isolated from air: Han Xue , Chun-gen Piao , Dan-ran Bian , Min-wei Guo , Yong Li; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(7):543-549. Published online June 27, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9423-x

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Abstract

A grey pink colored bacterium, strain t3-1-3T, was isolated from the air at the foot of the Xiangshan Mountain in Beijing, China. The cells are aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-sporeforming, motile and coccoid-rod shaped (0.9–1.2 × 1.9–2.1 μm). Strain t3-1-3T was catalase-positive and oxidase-negative and this strain grew at 4–42°C (optimum 28°C), a pH of 4.0–9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and under 0–2% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0–1% NaCl). A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain t3-1-3T was closely related to Azohydromonas riparia UCM-11T (97.4% similarity), followed by Azohydromonas australica G1-2T (96.8%) and Azohydromonas ureilytica UCM-80T (96.7%). The genome of strain t3-1-3T contains 6,895 predicted protein-encoding genes, 8 rRNA genes, 62 tRNA genes and one sRNA gene, as well as five potential biosynthetic gene clusters, including clusters of genes coding for non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS), bacteriocin and arylpolyene and two clusters of genes for terpene. The predominant cellular fatty acids (> 10.0% of the total) in strain t3-1-3T were summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c, 37.8%), summed feature 8 (C18:1ω7c and/or C18:1ω6c, 29.7%) and C16:0 (17.3%). Strain t3-1-3T contained ubiquinone-8 (Q-8) as the predominant respiratory quinone. The polar lipids of strain t3-1-3T comprised phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE), phosphatidyl glycerol (PG), diphosphatidyl glycerol (DPG), an unidentified glycolipid (GL), an unidentified aminophospholipid (APL), two unidentified phospholipid (PL1-2) and five unidentified lipid (L1-5). The DNA G + C content of the type strain is 70.3%. The broader range of growth temperature, assimilation of malic acid and trisodium citrate, presence of C18:3ω6c and an unidentified glycolipid and absence of C12:0 2-OH and C16:0iso differentiate strain t3-1-3T from related species. Based on the taxonomic data presented in this study, we suggest that strain t3-1-3T represents a novel species within the genus Azohydromonas, for which the name Azohydromonas aeria sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Azohydromonas aeria is t3-1-3T (= CFCC 13393T = LMG 30135T).

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The phylogeny of the genus Azohydromonas supports its transfer to the family Comamonadaceae
Ezequiel Gerardo Mogro, Juan Hilario Cafiero, Mauricio Javier Lozano, Walter Omar Draghi
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
In situ injectable nano-complexed hydrogel based on chitosan/dextran for combining tumor therapy via hypoxia alleviation and TAMs polarity regulation
Wenxue Zhang, Yan Shi, Hu Li, Miao Yu, Jiaxuan Zhao, Hao Chen, Ming Kong
Carbohydrate Polymers.2022; 288: 119418. CrossRef
Transformation of N and S pollutants and characterization of microbial communities in constructed wetlands with Vallisneria natans
Feichao Fu, Shaobin Huang, Heping Hu, Yao Lu, Yanlin Wang, Jianqi Yuan, Zerui Gong, Jinhua Wu, Yongqing Zhang
Journal of Water Process Engineering.2021; 42: 102186. CrossRef
Azohydromonas caseinilytica sp. nov., a Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterium Isolated From Forest Soil by Using Optimized Culture Method
Ram Hari Dahal, Dhiraj Kumar Chaudhary, Dong-Uk Kim, Jaisoo Kim
Frontiers in Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Lentibacillus cibarius sp. nov., isolated from kimchi, a Korean fermented food: Young Joon Oh , Joon Yong Kim , Hee Eun Jo , Hyo Kyeong Park , Seul Ki Lim , Min-Sung Kwon , Hak-Jong Choi; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(5):387-394. Published online April 11, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9507-7

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Abstract

Two bacterial strains designated NKC220-2T and NKC851-2 were isolated from commercial kimchi from different areas in Korea. The strains were Gram-positive, aerobic, oxidaseand catalase-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming, non-motile, and halophilic bacteria. Both strains grew without NaCl, unlike type species in the genus Lentibacillus. The optimal pH for growth was 8.0, higher than that of the type species in the genus Lentibacillus, although growth was observed at pH 5.5–9.0. 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis indicated that the two strains (99.3–99.9% similarity) are grouped within the genus Lentibacillus and most closely related to Lentibacillus juripiscarius IS40-3T (97.4–97.6% similarity) isolated from fish sauce in Thailand. OrthoANI value between two novel strains and Lentibacillus lipolyticus SSKP1- 9T (79.5–79.6% similarity) was far lower than the species demarcation threshold. Comparative genomic analysis displayed differences between the two strains as well as among other strains belonging to Lentibacillus. Furthermore, each isolate had strain-specific groups of orthologous genes based on pangenome analysis. Genomic G + C contents of strains NKC- 220-2T and NKC851-2 were 41.9 and 42.2 mol%, respectively. The strains contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in their cell walls, and the major menaquinone was menaquinone-7. Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, and an unidentified glycolipid, aminophospholipid, and phospholipid were the major polar lipid components of both strains. The major cellular fatty acids of the strains were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso- C17:0. Based on phenotypic, genomic, phylogenetic, and chemotaxonomic features, strains NKC220-2T and NKC851-2 represent novel species of the genus Lentibacillus, for which the name Lentibacillus cibarius sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NKC220-2T (= KACC 21232T = JCM 33390T).

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Detection of the Microbial Composition of Some Commercial Fermented Liquid Products via Metagenomic Analysis
Cansu Çelik Doğan, Hafize Tuğba Yüksel Dolgun, Serkan İkiz, Şükrü Kırkan, Uğur Parın
Foods.2023; 12(19): 3538. CrossRef
Lentibacillus daqui sp. nov., isolated from high-temperature Daqu, a starter for production of Chinese Jiang-flavour Baijiu
Yuan Liang, Zhen-Ming Lu, Wei Shi, Lin-Huan Wu, Li-Juan Chai, Xiao-Juan Zhang, Su-Yi Zhang, Song-Tao Wang, Cai-Hong Shen, Zheng-Hong Xu
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Occurrence of biogenic amines and their correlation with bacterial communities in the Ivorian traditional fermented fish adjuevan during the storage
Marina Ghislaine Abré, Clémentine Amenan Kouakou-Kouamé, Florent Kouadio N’guessan, Corinne Teyssier, Didier Montet
Folia Microbiologica.2023; 68(2): 257. CrossRef
Description of Corynebacterium poyangense sp. nov., isolated from the feces of the greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons)
Qian Liu, Guoying Fan, Kui Wu, Xiangning Bai, Xi Yang, Wentao Song, Shengen Chen, Yanwen Xiong, Haiying Chen
Journal of Microbiology.2022; 60(7): 668. CrossRef
Parasphingorhabdus cellanae sp. nov., isolated from the gut of a Korean limpet, Cellana toreuma
Ji-Ho Yoo, Jeong Eun Han, June-Young Lee, Su-Won Jeong, Yun-Seok Jeong, Jae-Yun Lee, So-Yeon Lee, Hojun Sung, Euon Jung Tak, Hyun Sik Kim, Pil Soo Kim, Jee-Won Choi, Do-Yeon Kim, In Chul Jeong, Do-Hun Gim, Seo Min Kang, Jin-Woo Bae
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Isolation and characterization of tick-borne Roseomonas haemaphysalidis sp. nov. and rodent-borne Roseomonas marmotae sp. nov.
Wentao Zhu, Juan Zhou, Shan Lu, Jing Yang, Xin-He Lai, Dong Jin, Ji Pu, Yuyuan Huang, Liyun Liu, Zhenjun Li, Jianguo Xu
Journal of Microbiology.2022; 60(2): 137. CrossRef
The Methods of Digging for “Gold” within the Salt: Characterization of Halophilic Prokaryotes and Identification of Their Valuable Biological Products Using Sequencing and Genome Mining Tools
Jakub Lach, Paulina Jęcz, Dominik Strapagiel, Agnieszka Matera-Witkiewicz, Paweł Stączek
Genes.2021; 12(11): 1756. CrossRef
Lentibacillus saliphilus. sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a saltern in Korea
Yun Wang, Gang-Qiang Jiang, Hong-Ping Lin, Peng Sun, Hong-Yan Zhang, Dong-Mei Lu, Li-Yun Wang, Chang-Jin Kim, Shu-Kun Tang
Archives of Microbiology.2021; 203(2): 621. CrossRef
Salicibibacter cibarius sp. nov. and Salicibibacter cibi sp. nov., two novel species of the family Bacillaceae isolated from kimchi
Young Joon Oh, Joon Yong Kim, Seul Ki Lim, Min-Sung Kwon, Hak-Jong Choi
Journal of Microbiology.2021; 59(5): 460. CrossRef
Flaviflexus ciconiae sp. nov., isolated from the faeces of the oriental stork, Ciconia boyciana
Jae-Yun Lee, Woorim Kang, Pil Soo Kim, So-Yeon Lee, Na-Ri Shin, Hojun Sung, June-Young Lee, Ji-Hyun Yun, Yun-Seok Jeong, Jeong Eun Han, Mi-Ja Jung, Dong-Wook Hyun, Hyun Sik Kim, Euon Jung Tak, Jin-Woo Bae
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.2020; 70(10): 5439. CrossRef
List of new names and new combinations that have appeared in effective publications outside of the IJSEM and are submitted for valid publication
Aharon Oren, George M. Garrity
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2019;[Epub] CrossRef

Full-repertoire comparison of the microscopic objects composing the human gut microbiome with sequenced and cultured communities: Edmond Kuete Yimagou , Jean-Pierre Baudoin , Rita Abou Abdallah , Fabrizio Di Pinto , Jacques Yaacoub Bou Khalil , Didier Raoult; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(5):377-386. Published online April 11, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9365-3

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Abstract

The study of the human gut microbiome is essential in microbiology and infectious diseases as specific alterations in the gut microbiome might be associated with various pathologies, such as chronic inflammatory disease, intestinal infection and colorectal cancer. To identify such dysregulations, several strategies are being used to create a repertoire of the microorganisms composing the human gut microbiome. In this study, we used the “microscomics” approach, which consists of creating an ultrastructural repertoire of all the cell-like objects composing stool samples from healthy donors using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We used TEM to screen ultrathin sections of 8 resin-embedded stool samples. After exploring hundreds of micrographs, we managed to elaborate ultrastructural categories based on morphological criteria or features. This approach explained many inconsistencies observed with other techniques, such as metagenomics and culturomics. We highlighted the value of our cultureindependent approach by comparing our microscopic images to those of cultured bacteria and those reported in the literature. This study helped to detect “minimicrobes” Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR) for the first time in human stool samples. This “microscomics” approach is non-exhaustive but complements already existing approaches and adds important data to the puzzle of the microbiota.

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Candidate Phyla Radiation, an Underappreciated Division of the Human Microbiome, and Its Impact on Health and Disease
Sabrina Naud, Ahmad Ibrahim, Camille Valles, Mohamad Maatouk, Fadi Bittar, Maryam Tidjani Alou, Didier Raoult
Clinical Microbiology Reviews.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Radiotherapy and the gut microbiome: facts and fiction
Jing Liu, Chao Liu, Jinbo Yue
Radiation Oncology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Host–microbiota maladaptation in colorectal cancer
Alina Janney, Fiona Powrie, Elizabeth H. Mann
Nature.2020; 585(7826): 509. CrossRef

Reviews

[MINIREVIEW] Alanine dehydrogenases in mycobacteria: Ji-A Jeong , Jeong-Il Oh; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(2):81-92. Published online January 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8543-7

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Abstract

Since NAD(H)-dependent L-alanine dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.4.1; Ald) was identified as one of the major antigens present in culture filtrates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, many studies on the enzyme have been conducted. Ald catalyzes the reversible conversion of pyruvate to alanine with concomitant oxidation of NADH to NAD+ and has a homohexameric quaternary structure. Expression of the ald genes was observed to be strongly upregulated in M. tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis grown in the presence of alanine. Furthermore, expression of the ald genes in some mycobacteria was observed to increase under respiration-inhibitory conditions such as oxygen-limiting and nutrient-starvation conditions. Upregulation of ald expression by alanine or under respiration-inhibitory conditions is mediated by AldR, a member of the Lrp/AsnC family of transcriptional regulators. Mycobacterial Alds were demonstrated to be the enzymes required for utilization of alanine as a nitrogen source and to help mycobacteria survive under respiration-inhibitory conditions by maintaining cellular NADH/NAD+ homeostasis. Several inhibitors of Ald have been developed, and their application in combination with respiration-inhibitory antitubercular drugs such as Q203 and bedaquiline was recently suggested.

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Amino Acid Biosynthesis Inhibitors in Tuberculosis Drug Discovery
Michela Guida, Chiara Tammaro, Miriana Quaranta, Benedetta Salvucci, Mariangela Biava, Giovanna Poce, Sara Consalvi
Pharmaceutics.2024; 16(6): 725. CrossRef
Alanine dehydrogenases from four different microorganisms: characterization and their application in L-alanine production
Pengfei Gu, Qianqian Ma, Shuo Zhao, Qiang Li, Juan Gao
Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Application of reductive amination by heterologously expressed Thermomicrobium roseum L-alanine dehydrogenase to synthesize L-alanine derivatives
Huri Dedeakayoğulları, Jarkko Valjakka, Ossi Turunen, Berin Yilmazer, Ğarip Demir, Janne Jänis, Barış Binay
Enzyme and Microbial Technology.2023; 169: 110265. CrossRef
A review on enzyme complexes of electron transport chain from Mycobacterium tuberculosis as promising drug targets
Pragya Anand, Yusuf Akhter
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2022; 212: 474. CrossRef
Alanine synthesized by alanine dehydrogenase enables ammonium-tolerant nitrogen fixation in Paenibacillus sabinae T27
Qin Li, Haowei Zhang, Yi Song, Minyang Wang, Chongchong Hua, Yashi Li, Sanfeng Chen, Ray Dixon, Jilun Li
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Antibacterial Activity of Squaric Amide Derivative SA2 against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Moxi Yu, Yachen Hou, Meiling Cheng, Yongshen Liu, Caise Ling, Dongshen Zhai, Hui Zhao, Yaoyao Li, Yamiao Chen, Xiaoyan Xue, Xue Ma, Min Jia, Bin Wang, Pingan Wang, Mingkai Li
Antibiotics.2022; 11(11): 1497. CrossRef
Mining for Perchlorate Resistance Genes in Microorganisms From Sediments of a Hypersaline Pond in Atacama Desert, Chile
Jorge Díaz-Rullo, Gustavo Rodríguez-Valdecantos, Felipe Torres-Rojas, Luis Cid, Ignacio T. Vargas, Bernardo González, José Eduardo González-Pastor
Frontiers in Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Targeting amino acid metabolism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for developing inhibitors to curtail its survival
Soujanya D. Yelamanchi, Avadhesha Surolia
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Targeting Non-Replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Latent Infection: Alternatives and Perspectives (Mini-Review)
Anna Egorova, Elena G. Salina, Vadim Makarov
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2021; 22(24): 13317. CrossRef
Distinctive gene and protein characteristics of extremely piezophilic Colwellia
Logan M. Peoples, Than S. Kyaw, Juan A. Ugalde, Kelli K. Mullane, Roger A. Chastain, A. Aristides Yayanos, Masataka Kusube, Barbara A. Methé, Douglas H. Bartlett
BMC Genomics.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison of Extracellular Proteins from Virulent and Avirulent Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strains to Identify Potential Virulence Factors
Yu He, Shuai Wang, Xianting Yin, Fengjiao Sun, Bin He, Xiao Liu
Journal of Food Protection.2020; 83(1): 155. CrossRef

REVIEW] Type 3 regulatory T cells at the interface of symbiosis: Joo-Hong Park , Gérard Eberl; J. Microbiol. 2018;56(3):163-171. Published online February 28, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-7565-x

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Abstract

The mammalian gastrointestinal tract accommodates trillions of bacteria, many of which provide beneficial effects to the host, including protection from pathogenic microorganisms and essential metabolites. However, the intestinal immune system needs to adapt to the constantly fluctuating microbial environment at mucosal surfaces in order to maintain homeostasis. In particular, the gut microbiota induces the differentiation of effector Th17 cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) that express RORγt, the master regulator of antimicrobial type 3 immunity. RORγt+ Tregs constitute a major population of colonic Tregs that is distinct from thymusderived Tregs and require bacterial antigens for differentiation. The balance between Th17 cells and RORγt+ Tregs, that is, the tone of the local type 3 immune response, is regulated by the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid produced by the host. Furthermore, Th17 cells and RORγt+ Tregs regulate intestinal type 2 immune responses, explaining how bacteria block allergic reactions. Here, we review the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the differentiation, regulation and function of RORγt+ (type 3) Tregs, and discuss the multiple equilibria that exist between effector T cells and Tregs, as well as between different types of immune responses, which are necessary to maintain homeostasis and health.

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Viral Liver Disease and Intestinal Gut–Liver Axis
Elias Kouroumalis, Ioannis Tsomidis, Argyro Voumvouraki
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Xiao-Xia Qiu, Sheng-Li Cheng, Yan-Hui Liu, Yu Li, Rui Zhang, Nan-Nan Li, Zheng Li
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2024; 30(8): 833. CrossRef
Endotoxin Inflammatory Action on Cells by Dysregulated-Immunological-Barrier-Linked ROS-Apoptosis Mechanisms in Gut–Liver Axis
Andrei Dumitru, Elena Matei, Georgeta Camelia Cozaru, Anca Chisoi, Luana Alexandrescu, Răzvan Cătălin Popescu, Mihaela Pundiche Butcaru, Eugen Dumitru, Sorin Rugină, Cristina Tocia
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(5): 2472. CrossRef
MAFLD and Celiac Disease in Children
Serena Scapaticci, Annamaria Venanzi, Francesco Chiarelli, Cosimo Giannini
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(2): 1764. CrossRef
Impacts of maternal microbiota and microbial metabolites on fetal intestine, brain, and placenta
Aleksi Husso, Tiina Pessa-Morikawa, Ville Mikael Koistinen, Olli Kärkkäinen, Hyuk Nam Kwon, Leo Lahti, Antti Iivanainen, Kati Hanhineva, Mikael Niku
BMC Biology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Tejinder Pal Singh, Saurabh Kadyan, Harisha Devi, Gwoncheol Park, Ravinder Nagpal
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Rekha B. Panwar, Richard P. Sequeira, Thomas B. Clarke
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Slater L. Clay, Alberto Bravo-Blas, Daniel M. Wall, Megan K.L. MacLeod, Simon W.F. Milling
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Journal Article

ZntR positively regulates T6SS4 expression in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis: Tietao Wang , Keqi Chen , Fen Gao , Yiwen Kang , Muhammad Tausif Chaudhry , Zhuo Wang , Yao Wang , Xihui Shen; J. Microbiol. 2017;55(6):448-456. Published online March 10, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-017-6540-2

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Abstract

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a widespread and versatile protein secretion system found in most Gram- negative bacteria. Studies of T6SS have mainly focused on its role in virulence toward host cells and inter-bacterial inter-actions, but studies have also shown that T6SS4 in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis participates in the acquisition of zinc ions to alleviate the accumulation of hydroxyl radicals induced by multiple stressors. Here, by comparing the gene expression patterns of wild-type and zntR mutant Y. pseudotubercu-losis cells using RNA-seq analysis, T6SS4 and 17 other bio-logical processes were found to be regulated by ZntR. T6SS4 was positively regulated by ZntR in Y. pseudotuberculosis, and further investigation demonstrated that ZntR regulates T6SS4 by directly binding to its promoter region. T6SS4 ex-pression is regulated by zinc via ZntR, which maintains in-tracellular zinc homeostasis and controls the concentration of reactive oxygen species to prevent bacterial death under oxidative stress. This study provides new insights into the regulation of T6SS4 by a zinc-dependent transcriptional regu-lator, and it provides a foundation for further investigation of the mechanism of zinc transport by T6SS.

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Two-Component Signaling System RegAB Represses Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae T3SS by Directly Binding to the promoter of hrpRS1
Mengsi Zhang, Mingming Yang, Xiaoxue Zhang, Shuying Li, Shuaiwu Wang, Alex Muremi Fulano, Yongting Meng, Xihui Shen, Li-li Huang, Yao Wang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Genome-wide phenotypic profiling of transcription factors and identification of novel targets to control the virulence of Vibrio vulnificus
Dayoung Sung, Garam Choi, Minji Ahn, Hokyung Byun, Tae Young Kim, Hojun Lee, Zee-Won Lee, Ji Yong Park, Young Hyun Jung, Ho Jae Han, Sang Ho Choi
Nucleic Acids Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Jorge Dias Carlier, Gustavo Magno dos Reis Ferreira, Rosane Freitas Schwan, Cristina Ferreira da Silva, Maria Clara Costa
Environmental Advances.2024; 15: 100479. CrossRef
OxyR-regulated T6SS functions in coordination with siderophore to resist oxidative stress
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A σE-mediated temperature gauge orchestrates type VI secretion system, biofilm formation and cell invasion in pathogen Pseudomonas plecoglossicida
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Reviews

MINIREVIEW] Regulation and function of the Salmonella MgtC virulence protein: Jang-Woo Lee , Eun-Jin Lee; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(10):667-672. Published online August 1, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-5283-1

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Abstract

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium produces many virulence proteins to cause diseases. The Salmonella MgtC protein is one of such virulence proteins specially required for intracellular proliferation inside macrophages and mouse virulence. In this review, we will cover how the mgtC gene is turned on or off and what the signals required for mgtC expression are. Later in this review, we will discuss a recent understanding of MgtC function in Salmonella pathogenesis by identifying its target proteins.

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MINIREVIEW] The cAMP/protein kinase A signaling pathway in pathogenic basidiomycete fungi: Connections with iron homeostasis: Jaehyuk Choi , Won Hee Jung , James W. Kronstad; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(9):579-587. Published online August 1, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-5247-5

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Abstract

A number of pathogenic species of basidiomycete fungi are either life-threatening pathogens of humans or major economic pests for crop production. Sensing the host is a key aspect of pathogen proliferation during disease, and signal transduction pathways are critically important for detecting environmental conditions and facilitating adaptation. This review focuses on the contributions of the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway in Cryptococcus neoformans, a species that causes meningitis in humans, and Ustilago maydis, a model phytopathogen that causes a smut disease on maize. Environmental sensing by the cAMP/PKA pathway regulates the production of key virulence traits in C. neoformans including the polysaccharide capsule and melanin. For U. maydis, the pathway controls the dimorphic transition from budding growth to the filamentous cell type required for proliferation in plant tissue. We discuss recent advances in identifying new components of the cAMP/PKA pathway in these pathogens and highlight an emerging theme that pathway signaling influences iron acquisition.

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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts

Iron Homeostasis in Brucella abortus: the Role of Bacterioferritin: Marta A. Almirón , Rodolfo A. Ugalde; J. Microbiol. 2010;48(5):668-673. Published online November 3, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-010-0145-3

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Abstract: Brucella abortus is the etiological agent of bovine brucellosis, an infectious disease of humans and cattle. Its pathogenesis is mainly based on its ability to survive and multiply inside macrophages. It has been demonstrated that if B. abortus ferrochelatase cannot incorporate iron into protoporphyrin IX to synthesize heme, the intracellular replication and virulence in mice is highly attenuated. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that the unavailability of iron could lead to the same attenuation in B. abortus pathogenicity. Thus, the purpose of this work was to obtain a B. abortus derivative unable to keep an internal iron pool and test its ability to replicate under iron limitation. To achieve this, we searched for iron-storage proteins in the genome of brucellae and found bacterioferritin (Bfr) as the sole ferritin encoded. Then, a B. abortus bfr mutant was built up and its capacity to store iron and replicate under iron limitation was investigated. Results indicated that B. abortus Bfr accounts for 70% of the intracellular iron content. Under iron limitation, the bfr mutant suffered from enhanced iron restriction with respect to wild type according to its growth retardation pattern, enhanced sensitivity to oxidative stress, accelerated production of siderophores, and altered expression of membrane proteins. Nonetheless, the bfr mutant was able to adapt and replicate even inside eukaryotic cells, indicating that B. abortus responds to internal iron starvation before sensing external iron availability. This suggests an active role of Bfr in controlling iron homeostasis through the availability of Bfr-bound iron.

Experimental and Computational Characterization of the Ferric Uptake Regulator from Aliivibrio salmonicida (Vibrio salmonicida): Hege Lynum Pedersen , Rafi Ahmad , Ellen Kristin Riise , Hanna-Kirsti Schrøder Leiros , Stefan Hauglid , Sigrun Espelid , Bjørn Olav Brandsdal , Ingar Leiros , Nils-Peder Willassen , Peik Haugen; J. Microbiol. 2010;48(2):174-183. Published online May 1, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-010-9199-5

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Abstract: The Ferric uptake regulator (Fur) is a global transcription factor that affects expression of bacterial genes in an iron-dependent fashion. Although the Fur protein and its iron-responsive regulon are well studied, there are still important questions that remain to be answered. For example, the consensus Fur binding site also known as the “Fur box” is under debate, and it is still unclear which Fur residues directly interact with the DNA. Our long-term goal is to dissect the biological roles of Fur in the development of the disease cold-water vibriosis, which is caused by the psychrophilic bacteria Aliivibrio salmonicida (also known as Vibrio salmonicida). Here, we have used experimental and computational methods to characterise the Fur protein from A. salmonicida (AS-Fur). Electrophoretic mobility shift assays show that AS-Fur binds to the recently proposed vibrio Fur box consensus in addition to nine promoter regions that contain Fur boxes. Binding appears to be dependent on the number of Fur boxes, and the predicted “strength” of Fur boxes. Finally, structure modeling and molecular dynamics simulations provide new insights into potential AS-Fur–DNA interactions.

Characterization of the Two Na^+/H^+ Antiporters of Escherichia coli: Sung-Yum Seo; J. Microbiol. 1998;36(1):9-13.

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Abstract: Escherichia coli has two Na^+/H^+ antiporters which can be used to lower intracellular pH transiently elevated upon exposure to alkaline stress and to extrude intracellular Na^+. Previous studies on the propertied of the Na^+/H^+ antiporter were done, but later studies showed that E. coli has two antiporters(Pinner E., Kolter Y., Padan E., Schuldiner S. (1993) J. Biol. Chem 268, 1729~1734). The properties of each antiporter were studied in this report. Both antiporters were specific only to Na^+ and Li^+, and showed hyperbolic kinetics. K_M values of NhaA were 0.8 mM and 2,2mM for Li^+ and Na^+, respectively. K_M values of NhaB were 2.8mM and 12mM for Li^+ and Na^+, respectively. The pH effects can be summarized as follows: 1) both antiporters do not show activity at very acidic pH values; 2) NhaB seems to work in a neutral pH range; 3) NhaA seems to show activity at alkaline pH. The effect of pH on the kinetics of the antiporters was studied. V_max of NhaB remained maximum in the pH range 7.0~8.2. V_max of NhaA increases steeply in the pH range 6.5~7.8 and remained maximum thereafter up to pH 8.6. When the pH was increased, the K_M decreased sharply, especially for NhaA.

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