Eukaryotic genomes contain many duplicated genes closely
located with each other, such as the hexose transporter (HXT)
genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. They can potentially recombine
via single-strand annealing (SSA) pathway. SSA between
highly divergent sequences generates heteroduplex
DNA intermediates with many mismatches, which can be
corrected by mismatch repair (MMR), resulting in recombinant
sequences with a single junction point. In this report,
we demonstrate that SSA between HXT1 and HXT4 genes
in MMR-deficient yeast cells produces recombinant genes
with multiple-junctions resulting from alternating HXT1 and
HXT4 tracts. The mutations in MMR genes had differential
effects on SSA frequencies; msh6Δ mutation significantly
stimulated SSA events, whereas msh2Δ and msh3Δ slightly
suppressed it. We set up an assay that can identify a pair of
recombinant genes derived from a single heteroduplex DNA.
As a result, the recombinant genes with multiple-junctions
were found to accompany genes with single-junctions. Based
on the results presented here, a model was proposed to generate
multiple-junctions in SSA pathway involving an alternative
short-patch repair system.
Byeong Seob Oh , Ji-Sun Kim , Seung Yeob Yu , Seoung Woo Ryu , Seung-Hwan Park , Se Won Kang , Jam-Eon Park , Seung-Hyeon Choi , Kook-Il Han , Keun Chul Lee , Mi Kyung Eom , Min Kuk Suh , Han Sol Kim , Dong Ho Lee , Hyuk Yoon , Byung-Yong Kim , Je Hee Lee , Jung-Sook Lee , Ju Huck Lee
J. Microbiol. 2020;58(2):99-104. Published online January 29, 2020
An obligately anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile,
non-spore-forming, and coccobacilli-shaped bacterial strain,
designated KGMB03119T, was isolated from human faeces
from a Korean. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA
gene sequence revealed that the isolate was a member of the
genus Sutterella and most closely related to Sutterlla wadsworthensis
KCTC 15691T (96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence
similarity). The DNA G + C content of strain KGMB03119T
was 58.3 mol% as determined from its whole genome sequence.
Strain KGMB03119T was asaccharolytic, catalase-positive,
oxidase- and urease-negative. Furthermore, the isolate
was positive for alkaline phosphatase, leucine arylamidase,
acid phosphatase, arginine arylamidase, alanine arylamidase,
and glycine arylamidase. The major cellular fatty acids (> 10%)
of the isolate were C18:1ω9c and C16:0. Methylmenaquinone-5
(MMK-5, 100%) was the predominant isoprenoid quinone
in the isolate. Based on the phylogenetic, physiological, and
chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain KGMB03119T represents
a novel species, for which the name Sutterella faecalis
sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KGMB03119T (= KCTC
15823T = NBRC 114254T).
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A strictly anaerobic bacterium, designated as strain KGMB-
03357T, was isolated from the faeces of a healthy Korean selected
by Bundang Seoul National University based on health
status. Cells of strain KGMB03357T are Gram-stain-positive,
non-motile, non-spore-forming, and observed as straight or
curved rods. The isolate grew at 10–45°C (optimum temperature
of 40°C) and a pH range of 5.1–10.5 (optimum pH of
6.8). Analysis of phylogenetic trees based on the 16S rRNA
gene sequences revealed that strain KGMB03357T forms a
lineage within the genus Anaerotignum, and is most closely
related to Anaerotignum lactatifermentans G17T (= KCTC
15066T, 96.1%), Anaerotignum propionicum DSM 1682T (=
KCTC 5582T, 94.9%), Anaerotignum neopropionicum DSM
03847T (= KCTC 15564T, 94.9%), and Anaerotignum aminivorans
SH021T (= KCTC 15705T, 94.8%). The ANI values
between strain KGMB 03357T and members of the genus
Anaerotignum were 73.3–71.0%, which are below the ANI
criterion for interspecies identity. The DNA G + C content
based on the whole-genome sequence is 47.3 mol%. The major
cellular fatty acids of strain KGMB03357T are C16:0, C18:0,
C18:1 cis 9, and anteiso-C15:0. Strain KGMB03357T contains
meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic amino acid in
the cell wall peptidoglycan. Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic,
and genomic properties, strain KGMB 03357T represents
a novel species of the genus Anaerotignum, for which
the name Anaerotignum faecicola sp. nov. is proposed. The
type strain is KGMB03357T (= KCTC 15736T = DSM 107953T).
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gene showed that strain KGMB01110T belonged to Clostridium
cluster XIVa and was most closely related to Mediterraneibacter
glycyrrhizinilyticus KCTC 5760T (95.9% 16S rRNA
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were C14:0 and C16:0. The strain KGMB01110T was positive for
arginine dihydrolase, β-galactosidase-6-phosphatase, and
alkaline phosphatase. The strain KGMB01110T also produced
acid from D-glucose and D-rhamnose, and hydrolyzed gelatin
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