Journal of Microbiology

Review

Extracellular vesicles of Gram-negative and Gram-positive probiotics: Yangyunqi Wang, Chongxu Duan, Xiaomin Yu; J. Microbiol. 2025;63(7):e2506005. Published online July 31, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2506005

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Extracellular vesicles derived from probiotics have received considerable attention for their pivotal role in bacterial‒host communication. These nanosized, bilayer-encapsulated vesicles carry diverse bioactive molecules, such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and metabolites. Currently, ample evidence has emerged that probiotic extracellular vesicles may modulate several processes of host physiological hemostasis and offer therapeutic benefits. This review examines the biogenesis, composition, and immunomodulatory functions of probiotic-derived extracellular vesicles in probiotic–host interactions, highlighting the therapeutic potential of probiotic extracellular vesicles in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions such as cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. We further summarize the techniques for the separation and purification of extracellular vesicles, providing a methodological foundation for future research and applications. Although the field of probiotic extracellular vesicle research is still in its infancy, the prospects for their application in the biomedical field are broad, potentially emerging as a novel therapeutic approach.

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Standardizing Bacterial Extracellular Vesicle Purification: A Call for Consensus
Dongsic Choi, Eun-Young Lee
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

Full article

Phycobium rhodophyticola gen. nov., sp. nov. and Aliiphycobium algicola gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the phycosphere of marine red algae: Jeong Min Kim, Woonhee Baek, Byeong Jun Choi, Hülya Bayburt, Jae Kyeong Lee, Sung Chul Lee, Che Ok Jeon; J. Microbiol. 2025;63(6):e2503014. Published online June 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2503014

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Two Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacteria, designated D3-12ᵀ and G2-2ᵀ, were isolated from the phycosphere of marine red algae. Both strains exhibited catalase- and oxidase-positive activities. Strain D3-12ᵀ grew optimally at 30°C, pH 7.0, and 2.0–3.0% (w/v) NaCl, while strain G2-2ᵀ showed optimal growth at 30°C, pH 7.0, and 2.0% NaCl. Ubiquinone-10 was the sole respiratory quinone in both strains. The major fatty acids (> 5%) in strain D3-12ᵀ were feature 8 (C_18:1 ω7c and/or C_18:1 ω6c), 11-methyl-C_18:1 ω7c, and C_16:0, while strain G2-2ᵀ contained summed feature 8 and C_16:0. The predominant polar lipids in strain D3-12ᵀ were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine, whereas strain G2-2ᵀ contained phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The genomic DNA G + C content was 59.9% for strain D3-12ᵀ and 60.2% for strain G2-2ᵀ. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and whole-genome sequences placed both strains into distinct lineages within the family Roseobacteraceae, separate from previously described genera. Genome-based relatedness metrics, including average nucleotide identity, digital DNA-DNA hybridization, average amino acid identity, and percentage of conserved proteins, further confirmed that these strains represent novel genera. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and molecular characteristics, strains D3-12ᵀ and G2-2ᵀ are proposed as novel genera: Phycobium rhodophyticola gen. nov., sp. nov. (D3-12ᵀ = KACC 22712ᵀ = JCM 35528ᵀ) and Aliiphycobium algicola gen. nov., sp. nov. (G2-2ᵀ = KACC 22602ᵀ = JCM 35752ᵀ). Additionally, metabolic features relevant to interactions with marine algae, including genes associated with carbohydrate-active enzymes, vitamin biosynthesis, phenylacetic acid production, and bacterioferritin synthesis, were bioinformatically investigated.

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Aquimarina rhodophyticola sp. nov. and Aquimarina besae sp. nov., Isolated from Marine Red Algae
Jeong Min Kim, Byeong Jun Choi, Hülya Bayburt, Dong Min Han, Che Ok Jeon
Current Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Carotenoid-Producing Qipengyuania algicola sp. nov. and Qipengyuania rhodophyticola sp. nov., Isolated from Marine Algae, and Emended Description of the Genus Qipengyuania Xu et al. 2020
Jae Kyeong Lee, Min Woo Lee, Chae Yeong Moon, Jeong Min Kim, Hülya Bayburt, Byeong Jun Choi, Che Ok Jeon
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

Minireview

Advances in functional analysis of the microbiome: Integrating metabolic modeling, metabolite prediction, and pathway inference with Next-Generation Sequencing data: Sungwon Jung; J. Microbiol. 2025;63(1):e.2411006. Published online January 24, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2411006

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Abstract PDF

This review explores current advancements in microbiome functional analysis enabled by next-generation sequencing technologies, which have transformed our understanding of microbial communities from mere taxonomic composition to their functional potential. We examine approaches that move beyond species identification to characterize microbial activities, interactions, and their roles in host health and disease. Genome-scale metabolic models allow for in-depth simulations of metabolic networks, enabling researchers to predict microbial metabolism, growth, and interspecies interactions in diverse environments. Additionally, computational methods for predicting metabolite profiles offer indirect insights into microbial metabolic outputs, which is crucial for identifying biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. Functional pathway analysis tools further reveal microbial contributions to metabolic pathways, highlighting alterations in response to environmental changes and disease states. Together, these methods offer a powerful framework for understanding the complex metabolic interactions within microbial communities and their impact on host physiology. While significant progress has been made, challenges remain in the accuracy of predictive models and the completeness of reference databases, which limit the applicability of these methods in under-characterized ecosystems. The integration of these computational tools with multi-omic data holds promise for personalized approaches in precision medicine, allowing for targeted interventions that modulate the microbiome to improve health outcomes. This review highlights recent advances in microbiome functional analysis, providing a roadmap for future research and translational applications in human health and environmental microbiology.

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Microbiota, chronic inflammation, and health: The promise of inflammatome and inflammatomics for precision medicine and health care
Huan Zhang, Bing Jun Yang Lee, Tong Wang, Xuesong Xiang, Yafang Tan, Yanping Han, Yujing Bi, Fachao Zhi, Xin Wang, Fang He, Seppo J. Salminen, Baoli Zhu, Ruifu Yang
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Jingjing Du, Shengqian Guo, Xiaohang Li, Zhonghu Geng, Zhiliang Yuan, Xiqiang Song
Diversity.2025; 17(9): 605. CrossRef
Bioengineered Skin Microbiome: The Next Frontier in Personalized Cosmetics
Cherelle Atallah, Ayline El Abiad, Marita El Abiad, Mantoura Nakad, Jean Claude Assaf
Cosmetics.2025; 12(5): 205. CrossRef
Computational Metagenomics: State of the Art
Marco Antonio Pita-Galeana, Martin Ruhle, Lucía López-Vázquez, Guillermo de Anda-Jáuregui, Enrique Hernández-Lemus
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(18): 9206. CrossRef

Reviews

Microbiome-Mucosal Immunity Nexus: Driving Forces in Respiratory Disease Progression: Young Chae Park, Soo Yeon Choi, Yunah Cha, Hyeong Won Yoon, Young Min Son; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(9):709-725. Published online September 6, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00167-4

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Abstract PDF

The importance of the complex interplay between the microbiome and mucosal immunity, particularly within the respiratory tract, has gained significant attention due to its potential implications for the severity and progression of lung diseases. Therefore, this review summarizes the specific interactions through which the respiratory tract-specific microbiome influences mucosal immunity and ultimately impacts respiratory health. Furthermore, we discuss how the microbiome affects mucosal immunity, considering tissue-specific variations, and its capacity in respiratory diseases containing asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. Additionally, we investigate the external factors which affect the relationship between respiratory microbiome and mucosal immune responses. By exploring these intricate interactions, this review provides valuable insights into the potential for microbiome-based interventions to modulate mucosal immunity and alleviate the severity of respiratory diseases.

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The impact of environmental factors on respiratory tract microbiome and respiratory system diseases
Yutao Ge, Guo Tang, Yawen Fu, Peng Deng, Rong Yao
European Journal of Medical Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Meta-transcriptomics Reveals Dysbiosis of the Respiratory Microbiome in Older Adults with Long COVID
Meng’en Liao, Jianpeng Cai, Feng Zhu, Yuanbo Lan, Tianqi Xu, Jingxin Guo, Quanlin Xue, Yilong Wen, Fan Zou, Yu Zhang, Shiliang Zhang, Yan Yan, Jingwen Ai, Jie Cui, Wenhong Zhang
Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Lactobacillus salivarius HHuMin-U attenuates vulvovaginal candidiasis via vaginal epithelial immune enhancement mediated by NF-κB activation
Juwon Choi, Jay-Young Jo, Ji Su Lee, Joe Eun Son, Sun Young Kim, Hye Eun Lee, Yeong-Je Seong, Keon Heo, Yongbaek Kim, Myeong Soo Park, Sanguine Byun
New Biotechnology.2025; 90: 36. CrossRef
Bacteria and fungi of the lung: allies or enemies?
Enrico Garaci, Marilena Pariano, Emilia Nunzi, Claudio Costantini, Marina Maria Bellet, Cinzia Antognelli, Matteo Antonio Russo, Luigina Romani
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Metabolic Interaction Between Host and the Gut Microbiota During High‑Fat Diet‑Induced Colorectal Cancer: Chaeeun Lee, Seungrin Lee, Woongjae Yoo; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(3):153-165. Published online April 16, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00123-2

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Abstract PDF

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second-highest cause of cancer-associated mortality among both men and women worldwide. One of the risk factors for CRC is obesity, which is correlated with a high-fat diet prevalent in Western dietary habits. The association between an obesogenic high-fat diet and CRC has been established for several decades; however, the mechanisms by which a high-fat diet increases the risk of CRC remain unclear. Recent studies indicate that gut microbiota strongly infuence the pathogenesis of both high-fat diet-induced obesity and CRC. The gut microbiota is composed of hundreds of bacterial species, some of which are implicated in CRC. In particular, the expansion of facultative anaerobic Enterobacteriaceae, which is considered a microbial signature of intestinal microbiota functional imbalance (dysbiosis), is associated with both high-fat diet-induced obesity and CRC. Here, we review the interaction between the gut microbiome and its metabolic byproducts in the context of colorectal cancer (CRC) during high-fat diet-induced obesity. In addition, we will cover how a high-fat diet can drive the expansion of genotoxin-producing Escherichia coli by altering intestinal epithelial cell metabolism during gut infammation conditions.

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Wheat β-glucan reduces obesity and hyperlipidemia in mice with high-fat and high-salt diet by regulating intestinal flora
Min Li, Qingshan Wang, Xiuwei Zhang, Kaikai Li, Meng Niu, Siming Zhao
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2025; 288: 138754. CrossRef
Microbial Metabolites-induced Epigenetic Modifications for Inhibition of Colorectal Cancer: Current Status and Future Perspectives
Vaibhav Singh, Ekta Shirbhate, Rakesh Kore, Subham Vishwakarma, Shadiya Parveen, Ravichandran Veerasamy, Amit K Tiwari, Harish Rajak
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry.2025; 25(1): 76. CrossRef
Deciphering the impact of dietary habits and behavioral patterns on colorectal cancer
Qihang Yuan, Jiahua Liu, Xinyu Wang, Chunchun Du, Yao Zhang, Lin Lin, Chengfang Wang, Zhijun Hong
International Journal of Surgery.2025; 111(3): 2603. CrossRef
Integrating single-cell with transcriptome-proteome Mendelian randomization reveals colorectal cancer targets
Song Wang, Xin Yao, Shenshen Li, Shanshan Wang, Xuyu Huang, Jing Zhou, Xiao Li, Jieying Wen, Weixuan Lan, Yunsi Huang, Hao Li, Yunlong Sun, Xiaoqian Zhao, Qiaoling Chen, Xuedong Han, Ziming Zhu, Xinyue Zhang, Tao Zhang
Discover Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Parabacteroides johnsonii inhibits the onset and progression of colorectal cancer by modulating the gut microbiota
Jing Liu, Yong Zhang, Linxiang Xu, Guoli Gu, Zhiwei Dong
Journal of Translational Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular Mechanisms of Skatole-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Intestinal Epithelial Caco-2 Cells: Implications for Colorectal Cancer and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Katsunori Ishii, Kazuma Naito, Dai Tanaka, Yoshihito Koto, Koichi Kurata, Hidehisa Shimizu
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Journal Articles

Alpha‑Hemolysin from Staphylococcus aureus Obstructs Yeast‑Hyphae Switching and Diminishes Pathogenicity in Candida albicans: Xiaoyu Yu , Yinhe Mao , Guangbo Li , Xianwei Wu , Qiankun Xuan , Simin Yang , Xiaoqing Chen , Qi Cao , Jian Guo , Jinhu Guo , Wenjuan Wu; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(2):233-243. Published online February 9, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-00006-4

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Abstract PDF

The use of antibiotics can disrupt the body’s natural balance and increase the susteptibility of patients towards fungal infections. Candida albicans is a dimorphic opportunistic fungal pathogen with niches similar to those of bacteria. Our aim was to study the interaction between this pathogen and bacteria to facilitate the control of C. albicans infection. Alpha-hemolysin (Hla), a protein secreted from Staphylococcus aureus, causes cell wall damage and impedes the yeast–hyphae transition in C. albicans. Mechanistically, Hla stimulation triggered the formation of reactive oxygen species that damaged the cell wall and mitochondria of C. albicans. The cell cycle was arrested in the G0/G1 phase, CDC42 was downregulated, and Ywp1 was upregulated, disrupting yeast hyphae switching. Subsequently, hyphae development was inhibited. In mouse models, C. albicans pretreated with Hla reduced the C. albicans burden in skin and vaginal mucosal infections, suggesting that S. aureus Hla can inhibit hyphal development and reduce the pathogenicity of candidiasis in vivo.

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Candida albicans and Candida glabrata : global priority pathogens
Myrto Katsipoulaki, Mark H. T. Stappers, Dhara Malavia-Jones, Sascha Brunke, Bernhard Hube, Neil A. R. Gow, Joseph Heitman
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Potential Use of Mycobacterium paragordonae for Antimycobacterial Drug Screening Systems: Ga-Yeong Cha , Hyejun Seo , Jaehun Oh , Byoung-Jun Kim , Bum-Joon Kim; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(1):121-129. Published online January 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-00009-1

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Abstract PDF

Our recent genome-based study indicated that Mycobacterium paragordonae (Mpg) has evolved to become more adapted to an intracellular lifestyle within free-living environmental amoeba and its enhanced intracellular survival within Acanthamoeba castellanii was also proved. Here, we sought to investigate potential use of Mpg for antimycobacterial drug screening systems. Our data showed that Mpg is more susceptible to various antibiotics compared to the close species M. marinum (Mmar) and M. gordonae, further supporting its intracellular lifestyle in environments, which would explain its protection from environmental insults. In addition, we developed two bacterial whole-cell-based drug screening systems using a recombinant Mpg stain harboring a luciferase reporter vector (rMpg-LuxG13): one for direct application to rMpg-LuxG13 and the other for drug screening via the interaction of rMpg-LuxG13 with A. castellanii. Direct application to rMpg-LuxG13 showed lower inhibitory concentration 50 ( IC50) values of rifampin, isoniazid, clarithromycin, and ciprofloxacin against Mpg compared to Mmar. Application of drug screening system via the interaction of rMpg-LuxG13 with A. castellanii also exhibited lower IC50 values for rifampin against Mpg compared to Mmar. In conclusion, our data indicate that Mpg is more susceptible to various antibiotics than other strains. In addition, our data also demonstrate the feasibility of two whole cellbased drug screening systems using rMpg-LuxG13 strain for the discovery of novel anti-mycobacterial drugs.

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Mycobacterium paragordonae: Insights into its Research Progress and Potential Applications
Hyejun Seo, Ju-Young Lee, Bum-Joon Kim
Journal of Bacteriology and Virology.2024; 54(4): 273. CrossRef
Protection against tuberculosis achieved by dissolving microneedle patches loaded with live Mycobacterium paragordonae in a BCG prime-boost strategy
Mi-Hyun Lee, Hyejun Seo, Moon-Su Lee, Byoung Jun Kim, Hye Lin Kim, Du Hyung Lee, Jaehun Oh, Ju Yeop Shin, Ju Young Jin, Do Hyeon Jeong, Bum-Joon Kim
Frontiers in Immunology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Review

COVID-19 vaccine development based on recombinant viral and bacterial vector systems: combinatorial effect of adaptive and trained immunity: Mi-Hyun Lee , Bum-Joon Kim; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(3):321-334. Published online February 14, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1621-2

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Abstract PDF

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus (SARSCoV- 2) infection, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has led to many cases and deaths worldwide. Therefore, a number of vaccine candidates have been developed to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Of these, to date, 21 vaccines have received emergency approval for human use in at least one country. However, the recent global emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has compromised the efficacy of the currently available vaccines. To protect against these variants, the use of vaccines that modulate T cell-mediated immune responses or innate immune cell memory function, termed trained immunity, is needed. The major advantage of a vaccine that uses bacteria or viral systems for the delivery of COVID-19 antigens is the ability to induce both T cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. In addition, such vaccine systems can also exert off-target effects via the vector itself, mediated partly through trained immunity; compared to other vaccine platforms, suggesting that this approach can provide better protection against even vaccine escape variants. This review presents the current status of the development of COVID-19 vaccines based on recombinant viral and bacterial delivery systems. We also discuss the current status of the use of licensed live vaccines for other infections, including BCG, oral polio and MMR vaccines, to prevent COVID-19 infections.

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Enhancement of immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein expressed in Escherichia coli by fusion of the CRM197 functional domain
Xibing Yu, Yinmeng Yang, Miao Zhang, Qiantong Shen, Yun Zhu, Tong An, Siqi Li, Kexin Zhang, Shuaiyao Lu, Shaohong Lu, Fangcheng Zhuang, Meng Gao
Frontiers in Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Real-time infectious disease endurance indicator system for scientific decisions using machine learning and rapid data processing
Shivendra Dubey, Dinesh Kumar Verma, Mahesh Kumar
PeerJ Computer Science.2024; 10: e2062. CrossRef
What is the role of microbial biotechnology and genetic engineering in medicine?
Fernando Santos‐Beneit
MicrobiologyOpen.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Previous BCG vaccination is associated with less severe clinical progression of COVID-19
Susan Martins Pereira, Florisneide Rodrigues Barreto, Ramon Andrade de Souza, Carlos Antonio de Souza Teles Santos, Marcos Pereira, Enny Santos da Paixão, Carla Cristina Oliveira de Jesus Lima, Marcio Santos da Natividade, Ana Angélica Bulcão Portela Lind
BMC Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
COVID-19 Incidence Proportion as a Function of Regional Testing Strategy, Vaccination Coverage, and Vaccine Type
Areg A. Totolian, Viacheslav S. Smirnov, Alexei A. Krasnov, Edward S. Ramsay, Vladimir G. Dedkov, Anna Y. Popova
Viruses.2023; 15(11): 2181. CrossRef
The Cellular and Epigenetic Aspects of Trained Immunity and Prospects for Creation of Universal Vaccines on the Eve of More Frequent Pandemics
I. V. Alekseenko, R. G. Vasilov, L. G. Kondratyeva, S. V. Kostrov, I. P. Chernov, E. D. Sverdlov
Russian Journal of Genetics.2023; 59(9): 851. CrossRef
Coronavirus XBB.1.5 as an Indicator of the Long-Term Continuation of the Covid-19 pandemic. What Next for Vaccination?
E. P. Kharchenko
Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention.2023; 22(2): 12. CrossRef
Extracellular Vesicle-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine
Yasunari Matsuzaka, Ryu Yashiro
Vaccines.2023; 11(3): 539. CrossRef
Distinctive Combinations of RBD Mutations Contribute to Antibody Evasion in the Case of the SARS-CoV-2 Beta Variant
Tae-Hun Kim, Sojung Bae, Sunggeun Goo, Jinjong Myoung
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2023; 33(12): 1587. CrossRef
Leishmania tarentolae: a vaccine platform to target dendritic cells and a surrogate pathogen for next generation vaccine research in leishmaniases and viral infections
Claudio Bandi, Jairo Alfonso Mendoza-Roldan, Domenico Otranto, Alessandro Alvaro, Viviane Noll Louzada-Flores, Massimo Pajoro, Ilaria Varotto-Boccazzi, Matteo Brilli, Alessandro Manenti, Emanuele Montomoli, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti, Sara Epis
Parasites & Vectors.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Cellular and Epigenetic Aspects of Trained Immunity and Prospects for Creation of Universal Vaccines in the Face of Increasingly Frequent Pandemics
I. V. Alekseenko, R. G. Vasilov, L. G. Kondratyeva, S. V. Kostrov, I. P. Chernov, E. D. Sverdlov
Генетика.2023; 59(9): 981. CrossRef
BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination in children alters cytokine responses to heterologous pathogens and Toll-like receptor agonists
Andrés Noé, Thanh D. Dang, Christine Axelrad, Emma Burrell, Susie Germano, Sonja Elia, David Burgner, Kirsten P. Perrett, Nigel Curtis, Nicole L. Messina
Frontiers in Immunology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The Natural Effect of BCG Vaccination on COVID-19: The Debate Continues
Wenping Gong, Huiru An, Jie Wang, Peng Cheng, Yong Qi
Frontiers in Immunology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Two years of COVID-19 pandemic: where are we now?
Jinjong Myoung
Journal of Microbiology.2022; 60(3): 235. CrossRef

Journal Articles

[PROTOCOL] Flow cytometric monitoring of the bacterial phenotypic diversity in aquatic ecosystems: Jin-Kyung Hong , Soo Bin Kim , Seok Hyun Ahn , Yongjoo Choi , Tae Kwon Lee; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(10):879-885. Published online September 23, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-1443-7

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Abstract PDF

Flow cytometry is a promising tool used to identify the phenotypic features of bacterial communities in aquatic ecosystems by measuring the physical and chemical properties of cells based on their light scattering behavior and fluorescence. Compared to molecular or culture-based approaches, flow cytometry is suitable for the online monitoring of microbial water quality because of its relatively simple sample preparation process, rapid analysis time, and high-resolution phenotypic data. Advanced statistical techniques (e.g., denoising and binning) can be utilized to successfully calculate phenotypic diversity by processing the scatter data obtained from flow cytometry. These phenotypic diversities were well correlated with taxonomic-based diversity computed using nextgeneration 16S RNA gene sequencing. The protocol provided in this paper should be a useful guide for a fast and reliable flow cytometric monitoring of bacterial phenotypic diversity in aquatic ecosystems.

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Assessing long-term ecological impacts of PCE contamination in groundwater using a flow cytometric fingerprint approach
Jin-Kyung Hong, Soo Bin Kim, Gui Nam Wee, Bo Ram Kang, Jee Hyun No, Susmita Das Nishu, Joonhong Park, Tae Kwon Lee
Science of The Total Environment.2024; 931: 172698. CrossRef
Phenotypic shifts induced by environmental pre-stressors modify antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
Gui Nam Wee, Eun Sun Lyou, Susmita Das Nishu, Tae Kwon Lee
Frontiers in Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Salicibibacter cibarius sp. nov. and Salicibibacter cibi sp. nov., two novel species of the family Bacillaceae isolated from kimchi: Young Joon Oh , Joon Yong Kim , Seul Ki Lim , Min-Sung Kwon , Hak-Jong Choi; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(5):460-466. Published online April 28, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0513-1

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To date, all species in the genus Salicibibacter have been isolated in Korean commercial kimchi. We aimed to describe the taxonomic characteristics of two strains, NKC5-3T and NKC21-4T, isolated from commercial kimchi collected from various regions in the Republic of Korea. Cells of these strains were rod-shaped, Gram-positive, aerobic, oxidase- and catalase- positive, non-motile, halophilic, and alkalitolerant. Both strains, unlike other species of the genus Salicibibacter, could not grow without NaCl. Strains NKC5-3T and NKC21-4T could tolerate up to 25.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 10%) and grow at pH 7.0–10.0 (optimum 8.5) and 8.0–9.0 (optimum 8.5), respectively; they showed 97.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each other and were most closely related to S. kimchii NKC1-1T (97.0% and 96.8% similarity, respectively). The genome of strain NKC5-3T was nearly 4.6 Mb in size, with 4,456 protein-coding sequences (CDSs), whereas NKC21-4T genome was nearly 3.9 Mb in size, with 3,717 CDSs. OrthoANI values between the novel strains and S. kimchii NKC1-1T were far lower than the species demarcation threshold. NKC5-3T and NKC21-4T clustered together to form branches that were distinct from the other Salicibibacter species. The major fatty acids in these strains were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0, and the predominant menaquinone was menaquinone-7. The polar lipids of NKC5-3T included diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and five unidentified phospholipids (PL), and those of NKC21-4T included DPG, PG, seven unidentified PLs, and an unidentified lipid. Both isolates had DPG, which is the first case in the genus Salicibibacter. The genomic G + C content of strains NKC5-3T and NKC21-4T was 44.7 and 44.9 mol%, respectively. Based on phenotypic, genomic, phylogenetic, and chemotaxonomic analyses, strains NKC5-3T (= KACC 22040T = DSM 111417T) and NKC21-4T (= KACC 22041T = DSM 111418T) represent two novel species of the genus Salicibibacter, for which the names Salicibibacter cibarius sp. nov. and Salicibibacter cibi sp. nov. are proposed.

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In-silico study of molecular adaptations in halophilic Cas9
Anisha Debnath, Aveepsa Sengupta, Sujata Rudrapal, Ashutosh Kumar, Mamta Rani
Letters in Applied Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Valid publication of new names and new combinations effectively published outside the IJSEM
Aharon Oren, George M. Garrity
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Review

Rediscovery of antimicrobial peptides as therapeutic agents: Minkyung Ryu , Jaeyeong Park , Ji-Hyun Yeom , Minju Joo , Kangseok Lee; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(2):113-123. Published online February 1, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0649-z

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Abstract PDF

In recent years, the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens is increasing rapidly. There is growing concern as the development of antibiotics is slower than the increase in the resistance of pathogenic bacteria. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising alternatives to antibiotics. Despite their name, which implies their antimicrobial activity, AMPs have recently been rediscovered as compounds having antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, and insecticidal effects. Moreover, many AMPs are relatively safe from toxic side effects and the generation of resistant microorganisms due to their target specificity and complexity of the mechanisms underlying their action. In this review, we summarize the history, classification, and mechanisms of action of AMPs, and provide descriptions of AMPs undergoing clinical trials. We also discuss the obstacles associated with the development of AMPs as therapeutic agents and recent strategies formulated to circumvent these obstacles.

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A stitch in time: Sustainable and eco-friendly solutions for kiwifruit bacterial canker
Muhammad Asif, Shuang Liang, Hu RenJian, Xin Xie, Zhibo Zhao
Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology.2025; 136: 102506. CrossRef
Mechanistic insights on the antibacterial action of the kyotorphin peptide derivatives revealed by in vitro studies and Galleria mellonella proteomic analysis
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Journal Articles

Characterization of a novel dsRNA mycovirus of Trichoderma atroviride NFCF377 reveals a member of “Fusagraviridae” with changes in antifungal activity of the host fungus: Jeesun Chun , Byeonghak Na , Dae-Hyuk Kim; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(12):1046-1053. Published online October 23, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-0380-1

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Trichoderma atroviride is a common fungus found in various ecosystems that shows mycoparasitic ability on other fungi. A novel dsRNA virus was isolated from T. atroviride NFCF377 strain and its molecular features were analyzed. The viral genome consists of a single segmented double-stranded RNA and is 9,584 bp in length, with two discontinuous open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2). A mycoviral structural protein and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) are encoded by ORF1 and ORF2, respectively, between which is found a canonical shifty heptameric signal motif (AAAAAAC) followed by an RNA pseudoknot. Analysis of sequence similarity and phylogeny showed that it is closely related to members of the proposed family “Fusagraviridae”, with a highest similarity to the Trichoderma atroviride mycovirus 1 (TaMV1). Although the sequence similarity of deduced amino acid to TaMV1 was evident, sequence deviations were distinctive at untranslated regions (UTRs) due to the extended size. Thus, we inferred this dsRNA to be a different strain of Trichoderma atroviride mycovirus 1 (TaMV1-NFCF377). Electron microscopy image exhibited an icosahedral viral particle of 40 nm diameter. Virus-cured isogenic isolates were generated and no differences in growth rate, colony morphology, or conidia production were observed between virus-infected and virus-cured strains. However, culture filtrates of TaMV1- NFCF377-infected strain showed enhanced antifungal activity against the plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani but not to edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus. These results suggested that TaMV1-NFCF377 affected the metabolism of the fungal host to potentiate antifungal compounds against a plant pathogen, but this enhanced antifungal activity appeared to be species-specific.

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Co-infection with two novel mycoviruses affects the biocontrol activity of Trichoderma polysporum
Jeesun Chun, Hae-Ryeong Yoon, Sei-Jin Lee, Dae-Hyuk Kim
Biological Control.2024; 188: 105440. CrossRef
An Outstandingly Rare Occurrence of Mycoviruses in Soil Strains of the Plant-Beneficial Fungi from the Genus Trichoderma and a Novel Polymycoviridae Isolate
Chenchen Liu, Xiliang Jiang, Zhaoyan Tan, Rongqun Wang, Qiaoxia Shang, Hongrui Li, Shujin Xu, Miguel A. Aranda, Beilei Wu, Lea Atanasova
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Sixteen Novel Mycoviruses Containing Positive Single-Stranded RNA, Double-Stranded RNA, and Negative Single-Stranded RNA Genomes Co-Infect a Single Strain of Rhizoctonia zeae
Siwei Li, Zhihao Ma, Xinyi Zhang, Yibo Cai, Chenggui Han, Xuehong Wu
Journal of Fungi.2023; 10(1): 30. CrossRef
Trichoderma – genomes and genomics as treasure troves for research towards biology, biotechnology and agriculture
Miriam Schalamun, Monika Schmoll
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A Transfectable Fusagravirus from a Japanese Strain of Cryphonectria carpinicola with Spherical Particles
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[PROTOCOL]A Signature-Tagged Mutagenesis (STM)-based murine-infectivity assay for Cryptococcus neoformans: Kwang-Woo Jung , Kyung-Tae Lee , Yong-Sun Bahn; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(10):823-831. Published online September 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-0341-8

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Abstract PDF

Signature-tagged mutagenesis (STM) is a high-throughput genetic technique that can be used to investigate the function of genes by constructing a large number of mutant strains with unique DNA identification tags, pooling them, and screening them for a particular phenotypic trait. STM was first designed for the identification of genes that contribute to the virulence or infectivity of a pathogen in its host. Recently, this
method
has also been applied for the identification of mutants with specific phenotypes, such as antifungal drug resistance and proliferation. In the present study, we describe an STM
method
for the identification of genes contributing to the infectivity of Cryptococcus neoformans using a mutant library, in which each strain was tagged with a unique DNA sequence.

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Genome-wide phenotypic profiling of transcription factors and identification of novel targets to control the virulence of Vibrio vulnificus
Dayoung Sung, Garam Choi, Minji Ahn, Hokyung Byun, Tae Young Kim, Hojun Lee, Zee-Won Lee, Ji Yong Park, Young Hyun Jung, Ho Jae Han, Sang Ho Choi
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Intervention with kimchi microbial community ameliorates obesity by regulating gut microbiota: Seong-Eun Park , Sun Jae Kwon , Kwang-Moon Cho , Seung-Ho Seo , Eun-Ju Kim , Tatsuya Unno , So-Hyeon Bok , Dae-Hun Park , Hong-Seok Son; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(10):859-867. Published online September 2, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-0266-2

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Abstract PDF

The objective of this study was to evaluate anti-obesity effects of kimchi microbial community (KMC) on obesity and gut microbiota using a high fat diet-induced mouse model compared to effects of a single strain. Administration of KMC decreased body weight, adipose tissue, and liver weight gains. Relative content of Muribaculaceae in the gut of the KMCtreated group was higher than that in the high-fat diet (HFD) group whereas relative contents of Akkermansiaceae, Coriobacteriaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae were lower in KMCtreated group. Metabolic profile of blood was found to change differently according to the administration of KMC and a single strain of Lactobacillus plantarum. Serum metabolites significantly increased in the HFD group but decreased in the KMC-treated group included arachidic acid, stearic acid, fumaric acid, and glucose, suggesting that the administration of KMC could influence energy metabolism. The main genus in KMC was not detected in guts of mice in KMC-treated group. Since the use of KMC has advantages in terms of safety, it has potential to improve gut microbial community for obese people.

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Dietary effects of plant-based meat analog and animal meat on serum metabolism, gut microbiota, and hepatic metabolic pathway in mice
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Julita Tokarek, Joanna Gadzinowska, Ewelina Młynarska, Beata Franczyk, Jacek Rysz
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In vitro disinfection efficacy and clinical protective effects of common disinfectants against acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND)-causing Vibrio isolates in Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei: Peizhuo Zou , Qian Yang , Hailiang Wang , Guosi Xie , Zhi Cao , Xing Chen , Wen Gao , Jie Huang; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(8):675-686. Published online July 27, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9537-1

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Abstract PDF

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is one of the most significant bacterial diseases in global shrimp culture, causing severe economic losses. In the present study, we carried out in vitro antimicrobial tests to investigate the disinfection efficacy of 14 common disinfectants toward different AHPND-causing Vibrio spp., including eight isolates of V. parahaemolyticus, four isolates of V. campbellii, and one isolate of V. owensii. Polyhexamethylene biguanidine hydrochloride (PHMB) was revealed to possess the strongest inhibitory activity. Through analyzing and evaluating the results of antimicrobial tests and acute toxicity test, we selected PHMB and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for further clinical protection test. Clinical manifestations indicated that both PHMB (2 mg/L and 4 mg/L) and H2O2 (12 mg/L) could effectively protect juvenile Penaeus vannamei from the infection of V. parahaemolyticus isolate Vp362 at 106 CFU/ml, and the survival rate was over 80%. When the bacterial concentration was reduced to 105 CFU/ml, 104 CFU/ml, and 103 CFU/ml, the survival rate after treated by 1 mg/L PHMB was 64.44%, 93.33%, and 100%, respectively. According to the results, PHMB and H2O2 showed a lower toxicity while a better protection activity, particularly against a lower concentration of the pathogens. Therefore, these two disinfectants are proved to be promising disinfectants that can be applied to prevent and control AHPND in shrimp culture. Moreover, the methods of this study also provided valuable information for the prevention of other important bacterial diseases and suggested a reliable means for screening potential drugs in aquaculture.

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Linwei Yang, Zi-ang Wang, Yushi Gan, Hongliang Zuo, Hengwei Deng, Shaoping Weng, Jianguo He, Xiaopeng Xu
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Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.2023; 201: 108002. CrossRef

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