Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a natural polymer of the
short chain fatty acid β-hydroxybutyrate, which acts as a
microbial control agent. The mammalian target of the rapamycin
(mTOR) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in intestine
inflammation and epithelial morphogenesis. In this
study, we examined the composition of intestine microbiota,
and mTOR signaling-related gene expression in Pacific white
shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei fed diets containing different
levels of PHB: 0% (Control), 1% (PHB1), 3% (PHB3), and 5%
(PHB5) (w/w) for 35 days. High-throughput sequencing analysis
revealed that dietary PHB altered the composition and
diversity of intestine microbiota, and that the microbiota diversity
decreased with the increasing doses of PHB. Specifically,
dietary PHB increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria
and Tenericutes in the PHB1 and PHB5 groups,
respectively, and increased that of Gammaproteobacteria in
the three PHB groups. Alternatively, PHB decreased Alphaproteobacteria
in the PHB3 and PHB5 groups. At the genus
level, dietary PHB increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria,
such as Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Clostridium,
and Bdellovibrio. The relative mRNA expression levels of the
mTOR signaling-related genes TOR, 4E-BP, eIF4E1α, and
eIF4E2 all increased in the three PHB treatment groups. These results revealed that dietary PHB supplementation had a
beneficial effect on intestine health of L. vannamei by modulating
the composition of intestine microbiota and activating
mTOR signaling.
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