Journal of Microbiology

Journal Article

Availability of polyamines affects virulence and survival of Neisseria meningitidis: Poonam Kanojiya , Riya Joshi , Sunil D. Saroj; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(6):640-648. Published online April 18, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1589-y

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Neisseria meningitidis is a Gram-negative human-restricted pathogen that asymptomatically resides in the human respiratory tract. Meningococcal meningitis and sepsis both are caused by N. meningitidis. The bacterium must adhere to host epithelial cells in order to colonize effectively. The factors that determine the initial attachment to the host and dispersal, are not well understood. Metabolites released by the host may aid in meningococcal colonization and dissemination. Polyamines are aliphatic polycations that assist in cell survival and proliferation. The virulence properties of N. meningitidis after exposure to polyamines were investigated. Adhesion to nasopharyngeal epithelial cells increased in the presence of spermine. Also, the relative expression of adhesin, pilE increased in the presence of spermine. Further, relative expression of ctrA, ctrB and lipB was upregulated in the presence of spermidine, indicating increased capsule formation. Upregulated capsule synthesis of N. meningitidis in the presence of spermidine allows it to survive in murine macrophages. The study suggests the importance of the extracellular pool of polyamines in promoting virulence in N. meningitidis.

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Epsilon-poly-l-lysine inhibits biofilm formation and aids dispersion in Acinetobacter baumannii
Ujjayni Saha, Sakshi Shinde, Savita Jadhav, Sunil D. Saroj
Medicine in Microecology.2024; 21: 100110. CrossRef
Effect of respiratory tract co-colonizers on initial attachment of Neisseria meningitidis
Poonam Kanojiya, Sunil D. Saroj
Archives of Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Antibiotics modulates the virulence of Neisseria meningitidis by regulating capsule synthesis
Tiyasa Haldar, Riya Joshi, Sunil D. Saroj
Microbial Pathogenesis.2023; 179: 106117. CrossRef

Review

MINIREVIEW] The cAMP/protein kinase A signaling pathway in pathogenic basidiomycete fungi: Connections with iron homeostasis: Jaehyuk Choi , Won Hee Jung , James W. Kronstad; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(9):579-587. Published online August 1, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-5247-5

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Abstract

A number of pathogenic species of basidiomycete fungi are either life-threatening pathogens of humans or major economic pests for crop production. Sensing the host is a key aspect of pathogen proliferation during disease, and signal transduction pathways are critically important for detecting environmental conditions and facilitating adaptation. This review focuses on the contributions of the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway in Cryptococcus neoformans, a species that causes meningitis in humans, and Ustilago maydis, a model phytopathogen that causes a smut disease on maize. Environmental sensing by the cAMP/PKA pathway regulates the production of key virulence traits in C. neoformans including the polysaccharide capsule and melanin. For U. maydis, the pathway controls the dimorphic transition from budding growth to the filamentous cell type required for proliferation in plant tissue. We discuss recent advances in identifying new components of the cAMP/PKA pathway in these pathogens and highlight an emerging theme that pathway signaling influences iron acquisition.

Citations

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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts

Iron Homeostasis in Brucella abortus: the Role of Bacterioferritin: Marta A. Almirón , Rodolfo A. Ugalde; J. Microbiol. 2010;48(5):668-673. Published online November 3, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-010-0145-3

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Abstract: Brucella abortus is the etiological agent of bovine brucellosis, an infectious disease of humans and cattle. Its pathogenesis is mainly based on its ability to survive and multiply inside macrophages. It has been demonstrated that if B. abortus ferrochelatase cannot incorporate iron into protoporphyrin IX to synthesize heme, the intracellular replication and virulence in mice is highly attenuated. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that the unavailability of iron could lead to the same attenuation in B. abortus pathogenicity. Thus, the purpose of this work was to obtain a B. abortus derivative unable to keep an internal iron pool and test its ability to replicate under iron limitation. To achieve this, we searched for iron-storage proteins in the genome of brucellae and found bacterioferritin (Bfr) as the sole ferritin encoded. Then, a B. abortus bfr mutant was built up and its capacity to store iron and replicate under iron limitation was investigated. Results indicated that B. abortus Bfr accounts for 70% of the intracellular iron content. Under iron limitation, the bfr mutant suffered from enhanced iron restriction with respect to wild type according to its growth retardation pattern, enhanced sensitivity to oxidative stress, accelerated production of siderophores, and altered expression of membrane proteins. Nonetheless, the bfr mutant was able to adapt and replicate even inside eukaryotic cells, indicating that B. abortus responds to internal iron starvation before sensing external iron availability. This suggests an active role of Bfr in controlling iron homeostasis through the availability of Bfr-bound iron.

Experimental and Computational Characterization of the Ferric Uptake Regulator from Aliivibrio salmonicida (Vibrio salmonicida): Hege Lynum Pedersen , Rafi Ahmad , Ellen Kristin Riise , Hanna-Kirsti Schrøder Leiros , Stefan Hauglid , Sigrun Espelid , Bjørn Olav Brandsdal , Ingar Leiros , Nils-Peder Willassen , Peik Haugen; J. Microbiol. 2010;48(2):174-183. Published online May 1, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-010-9199-5

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Abstract: The Ferric uptake regulator (Fur) is a global transcription factor that affects expression of bacterial genes in an iron-dependent fashion. Although the Fur protein and its iron-responsive regulon are well studied, there are still important questions that remain to be answered. For example, the consensus Fur binding site also known as the “Fur box” is under debate, and it is still unclear which Fur residues directly interact with the DNA. Our long-term goal is to dissect the biological roles of Fur in the development of the disease cold-water vibriosis, which is caused by the psychrophilic bacteria Aliivibrio salmonicida (also known as Vibrio salmonicida). Here, we have used experimental and computational methods to characterise the Fur protein from A. salmonicida (AS-Fur). Electrophoretic mobility shift assays show that AS-Fur binds to the recently proposed vibrio Fur box consensus in addition to nine promoter regions that contain Fur boxes. Binding appears to be dependent on the number of Fur boxes, and the predicted “strength” of Fur boxes. Finally, structure modeling and molecular dynamics simulations provide new insights into potential AS-Fur–DNA interactions.

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