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- Effect of pH on Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Formation of Linolenic Acid Biohydrogenation by Ruminal Microorganisms
- Yongjae Lee
- J. Microbiol. 2013;51(4):471-476. Published online August 30, 2013
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-013-1070-z
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- 9 Crossref
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Abstract
- Conventional beliefs surrounding the linolenic acid (LNA; cis-9 cis-12 cis-15 C18:3) biohydrogenation (BH) pathway propose that it converts to stearic acid (SA) without the formation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) as intermediate isomers. However, an advanced study (Lee and Jenkins, 2011) verified that LNA BH yields multiple CLAs. This study utilized the stable isotope tracer to investigate the BH intermediates of 13C-LNA with different pH conditions (5.5 and 6.5). The 13C enrichment was calculated as a 13C/12C ratio of labeled minus unlabeled. After 24 h, eight CLA isomers were significantly enriched on both pH treatment, this result verifies that these CLAs originated from 13C-LNA BH which supports the results of Lee and Jenkins (2011). The enrichment of cis-cis double bond CLAs (cis-9 cis-11 and cis-10 cis-12 CLA) were significantly higher at low pH conditions. Furthermore, the concentration of cis-10 cis-12 CLA at low pH was four times higher than at high pH conditions after a 3 h incubation. These differences support the LNA BH pathways partial switch under different pH conditions, with a strong influence on the cis-cis CLA at low pH. Several mono-, di-, and tri-enoic fatty acid isomers were enriched during 24 h of incubation, but the enrichment was decreased or restricted at low pH treatment. Based on these results, it is proposed that low pH conditions may cause a changed or limited capacity of the isomerization and reduction steps in BH.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Invited review: Research on ruminal biohydrogenation—Achievements, gaps in knowledge, and future approaches from the perspective of dairy science
P.G. Toral, G. Hervás, P. Frutos
Journal of Dairy Science.2024; 107(12): 10115. CrossRef - Selenate and selenite affect ruminal metabolism of C18 unsaturated fatty acids and fatty acid composition of lamb tissues
Małgorzata Białek, Marian Czauderna, Wiesław Przybylski, Danuta Jaworska
Livestock Science.2020; 241: 104249. CrossRef - Effects of Supplementation of Rumen Protected Fats on Rumen Ecology and Digestibility of Nutrients in Sheep
Atique A. Behan, Teck Chwen Loh, Sharida Fakurazi, Ubedullah Kaka, Asmatullah Kaka, Anjas Asmara Samsudin
Animals.2019; 9(7): 400. CrossRef - In vitro biohydrogenation of 13C-labeled α-linolenic acid in response to ruminal alterations associated with diet-induced milk fat depression in ewes
P.G. Toral, G. Hervás, P. Frutos
Journal of Dairy Science.2019; 102(2): 1213. CrossRef - Accumulation of conjugated linoleic acid in Lactobacillus plantarum WU-P19 is enhanced by induction with linoleic acid and chitosan treatment
Wilawan Palachum, Wanna Choorit, Yusuf Chisti
Annals of Microbiology.2018; 68(10): 611. CrossRef - The In vitro Effects of Nano-encapsulated Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Stability of Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Fermentation Profiles in the Rumen
Wan Heo, Eun Tae Kim, Sung Do Cho, Jun Ho Kim, Seong Min Kwon, Ha Yeon Jeong, Kwang Seok Ki, Ho Baek Yoon, Young Dae Ahn, Sung Sill Lee, Young Jun Kim
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences.2016; 29(3): 365. CrossRef - Sources and Bioactive Properties of Conjugated Dietary Fatty Acids
Alan A. Hennessy, Paul R. Ross, Gerald F. Fitzgerald, Catherine Stanton
Lipids.2016; 51(4): 377. CrossRef - Influence of Carotino oil on in vitro rumen fermentation, metabolism and apparent biohydrogenation of fatty acids
Kazeem Dauda Adeyemi, Mahdi Ebrahimi, Anjas Asmara Samsudin, Abd Razak Alimon, Roselina Karim, Saiful Anuar Karsani, Awis Qurni Sazili
Animal Science Journal.2015; 86(3): 270. CrossRef - Seleno‐methionine decreases biohydrogenation of C18 unsaturated fatty acids in ovine ruminal fluid incubated in vitro with α‐linolenic acid
Marian Czauderna, Agnieszka J. Rozbicka‐Wieczorek, Edyta Więsyk, Katarzyna A. Krajewska‐Bienias
European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology.2015; 117(6): 820. CrossRef
- Invited review: Research on ruminal biohydrogenation—Achievements, gaps in knowledge, and future approaches from the perspective of dairy science
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
- Identification of Enriched Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers in Cultures of Ruminal Microorganisms after Dosing with 1-13C-Linoleic Acid
- Yong-Jae Lee , Thomas C. Jenkins
- J. Microbiol. 2011;49(4):622-627. Published online September 2, 2011
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-0415-8
- 43 View
- 0 Download
- 9 Scopus
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Abstract
- Most studies of linoleic acid biohydrogenation propose that it converts to stearic acid through the production of cis-9 trans-11 CLA and trans-11 C18:1. However, several other CLA have been identified in ruminal contents, suggesting additional pathways may exist. To explore this possibility, this research investigated the linoleic acid biohydrogenation pathway to identify CLA isomers in cultures of ruminal microorganisms after dosing with a 13C stable isotope. The 13C enrichment was calculated as [(M+1/M)×100] in labeled minus unlabeled cultures. After 48 h incubation, significant 13C enrichment was observed in seven CLA isomers, indicating their formation from linoleic acid. All enriched CLA isomers had double bonds in either the 9,11 or 10,12 position except for trans-9 cis-11 CLA. The cis-9 trans-11 CLA exhibited the highest enrichment (30.65%), followed by enrichments from 21.06 to 23.08% for trans-10 cis-12, cis-10 trans-12, trans-9 trans-11, and trans-10 trans-12 CLA. The remaining two CLA (cis-9 cis-11 and cis-10 cis-12 CLA) exhibited enrichments of 18.38 and 19.29%, respectively. The results of this study verified the formation of cis-9 trans-11 and trans-10 cis-12 CLA isomers from linoleic acid biohydrogenation. An additional five CLA isomers also contained carbons originating from linoleic acid, indicating that pathways of linoleic acid biohydrogenation are more complex than previously described.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Factors Influencing Biohydrogenation and Conjugated Linoleic Acid Production by Mixed Rumen Fungi
- In Sik Nam , Philip C. Garnsworthy
- J. Microbiol. 2007;45(3):199-204.
- DOI: https://doi.org/2542 [pii]
- 41 View
- 0 Download
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Abstract
- The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of soluble carbohydrates (glucose, cellobiose), pH (6.0, 6.5, 7.0), and rumen microbial growth factors (VFA, vitamins) on biohydrogenation of linoleic acid (LA) by mixed rumen fungi. Addition of glucose or cellobiose to culture media slowed the rate of biohydrogenation;only 35-40% of LA was converted to conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) or vaccenic acid (VA) within 24 h of incubation, whereas in the control treatment, 100% of LA was converted within 24 h. Addition of VFA or vitamins did not affect biohydrogenation activity or CLA production. Culturing rumen fungi at pH 6.0 slowed biohydrogenation compared with pH 6.5 or 7.0. CLA production was reduced by pH 6.0 compared with control (pH 6.5), but was higher with pH 7.0. Biohydrogenation of LA to VA was complete within 72 h at pH 6.0, 24 h at pH 6.5, and 48 h at pH 7.0. It is concluded that optimum conditions for biohydrogenation of LA and for CLA production by rumen fungi were provided without addition of soluble carbohydrates, VFA or vitamins to the culture medium; optimum pH was 6.5 for biohydrogenation and 7.0 for CLA production.
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