Journal of Microbiology

Review

Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast and its transcriptional regulation through calcium signaling: Praveen Rai , Drista Sharma , Rani Soni , Nazia Khatoon , Bhaskar Sharma , Tarun Kumar Bhatt; J. Microbiol. 2017;55(4):231-236. Published online March 1, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-017-6525-1

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Malaria has been present since ancient time and remains a major global health problem in developing countries. Plas-modium falciparum belongs to the phylum Apicomplexan, largely contain disease-causing parasites and characterized by the presence of apicoplast. It is a very essential organelle of P. falciparum responsible for the synthesis of key mole-cules required for the growth of the parasite. Indispensable nature of apicoplast makes it a potential drug target. Calcium signaling is important in the establishment of malaria para-site inside the host. It has been involved in invasion and egress of merozoites during the asexual life cycle of the parasite. Calcium signaling also regulates apicoplast metabolism. There-fore, in this review, we will focus on the role of apicoplast in malaria biology and its metabolic regulation through Ca++ signaling.

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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

In vivo antimalarial activity of the endophytic actinobacteria, Streptomyces SUK 10: Mohd Shukri Baba , Noraziah Mohamad Zin , Zainal Abidin Abu Hassan , Jalifah Latip , Florence Pethick , Iain S. Hunter , RuAngelie Edrada-Ebel , Paul R. Herron; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(12):847-855. Published online December 2, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-5076-6

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Abstract

Endophytic bacteria, such as Streptomyces, have the potential to act as a source for novel bioactive molecules with medicinal properties. The present study was aimed at assessing the antimalarial activity of crude extract isolated from various strains of actinobacteria living endophytically in some Malaysian medicinal plants. Using the four day suppression test method on male ICR strain mice, compounds produced from three strains of Streptomyces (SUK8, SUK10, and SUK27) were tested in vivo against Plasmodium berghei PZZ1/100 in an antimalarial screen using crude extracts at four different concentrations. One of these extracts, isolated from Streptomyces SUK10 obtained from the bark of Shorea ovalis tree, showed inhibition of the test organism and was further tested against P. berghei-infected mice for antimalarial activity at different concentrations. There was a positive relationship between the survival of the infected mouse group treated with 50 μg/kg body weight (bw) of ethyl acetate-SUK10 crude extract and the ability to inhibit the parasites growth. The parasite inhibition percentage for this group showed that 50% of the mice survived for more than 90 days after infection with the parasite. The nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic tree suggested that Streptomyces SUK10 may constitute a new species within the Streptomyces genus. As part of the drug discovery process, these promising finding may contribute to the medicinal and pharmaceutical field for malarial treatment.

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