Journal of Microbiology

Review

Searching for a Reliable Viral Indicator of Faecal Pollution in Aquatic Environments: Felana Harilanto Andrianjakarivony , Yvan Bettarel , Christelle Desnues; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(6):589-602. Published online June 1, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00052-6

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The disposal of sewage in significant quantities poses a health hazard to aquatic ecosystems. These effluents can contain a wide range of pathogens, making faecal contamination a leading source of waterborne diseases around the world. Yet monitoring bacteria or viruses in aquatic environments is time consuming and expensive. The standard indicators of faecal pollution all have limitations, including difficulty in determining the source due to lack of host specificity, poor connection with the presence of non-bacterial pathogens, or low environmental persistence. Innovative monitoring techniques are sorely needed to provide more accurate and targeted solutions. Viruses are a promising alternative to faecal indicator bacteria for monitoring, as they are more persistent in ambient water, more abundant in faeces, and are extremely host-specific. Given the range of viruses found in diverse contexts, it is not easy to find one “ideal” viral indicator of faecal pollution; however, several are of interest. In parallel, the ongoing development of molecular techniques coupled with metagenomics and bioinformatics should enable improved ways to detect faecal contamination using viruses. This review examines the evolution of faecal contamination monitoring with the following aims (i) to identify the characteristics of the main viral indicators of faecal contamination, including human enteric viruses, bacteriophages, CRESS and plant viruses, (ii) to assess how these have been used to monitor water pollution in recent years, (iii) to evaluate the reliability of recent detection methods of such viruses, and (iv) to tentatively determine which viruses may be most effective as markers of faecal pollution.

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Review of carbon dot–hydrogel composite material as a future water-environmental regulator
Minghao Jiang, Yong Wang, Jichuan Li, Xing Gao
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2024; 269: 131850. CrossRef

Journal Articles

Expression of sexual genes in Aspergillus fumigatus homogeneous culture produced by vegetative mass mating: Joo-Yeon Lim , Hee-Moon Park; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(8):688-693. Published online May 11, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-9094-7

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Abstract

There are presently no studies on the genes for sexual development of Aspergillus fumigatus in situ using mating culture, primarily because of challenging experimental conditions that require a significantly long period of induction and produce developmentally heterogenous culture, harboring very few sexual organs. In order to overcome these challenges, we developed an efficient and convenient procedure called ‘vegetative mass mating (VeM)’ for study at a molecular level. The VeM method enabled production of a developmentally homogenous A. fumigatus culture, harboring many sexual organs in a plate within a short period of two weeks. Feasibility of the use of VeM for functional study of genes during A. fumigatus sexual development was evaluated by analyzing the transcription pattern of genes involved in pheromone signal transduction and regulation of sexual development. Here, we present for the first time, an in situ expression pattern of sexual genes during the mating process, induced by the VeM
method
, which will enable and promote the sexual development study of A. fumigatus at the molecular level.

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The Gβ-like Protein AfCpcB Affects Sexual Development, Response to Oxidative Stress and Phagocytosis by Alveolar Macrophages in Aspergillus fumigatus
Joo-Yeon Lim, Yeon-Ju Kim, Hee-Moon Park
Journal of Fungi.2022; 8(1): 56. CrossRef
The LAMMER Kinase, LkhA, Affects Aspergillus fumigatus Pathogenicity by Modulating Reproduction and Biosynthesis of Cell Wall PAMPs
Joo-Yeon Lim, Yeon Ju Kim, Seul Ah Woo, Jae Wan Jeong, Yu-Ri Lee, Cheol-Hee Kim, Hee-Moon Park
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Global Sexual Fertility in the Opportunistic Pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus and Identification of New Supermater Strains
Sameira S. Swilaiman, Céline M. O’Gorman, Wenyue Du, Janyce A. Sugui, Joanne Del Buono, Matthias Brock, Kyung J. Kwon-Chung, George Szakacs, Paul S. Dyer
Journal of Fungi.2020; 6(4): 258. CrossRef

Diversity of A mating type in Lentinula edodes and mating type preference in the cultivated strains: Byeongsuk Ha , Sinil Kim , Minseek Kim , Yoon Jung Moon , Yelin Song , Jae-San Ryu , Hojin Ryu , Hyeon-Su Ro; J. Microbiol. 2018;56(6):416-425. Published online June 1, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-8030-6

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Abstract

Diversity of A mating type in Lentinula edodes has been assessed by analysis of A mating loci in 127 strains collected from East Asia. It was discovered that hypervariable sequence region with an approximate length of 1 kb in the A mating locus, spanning 5􍿁􀁇region of HD2-intergenic region-5􍿁􀁇region of HD1, could represent individual A mating type as evidenced by comprehensive mating analysis. The sequence analysis revealed 27 A mating type alleles from 96 cultivated strains and 48 alleles from 31 wild strains. Twelve of them commonly appeared, leaving 63 unique A mating type alleles. It was also revealed that only a few A mating type alleles such as A1, A4, A5, and A7 were prevalent in the cultivated strains, accounting for 62.5% of all A mating types. This implies preferred selection of certain A mating types in the process of strain development and suggests potential role of A mating genes in the expression of genes governing mushroom quality. Dominant expression of an A mating gene HD1 was observed from A1 mating locus, the most prevalent A allele, in A1-containing dikaryons. However, connections between HD1 expression and A1 preference in the cultivated strains remain to be verified. The A mating type was highly diverse in the wild strains. Thirty-six unique A alleles were discovered from relatively small and confined area of mountainous region in Korean peninsula. The number will further increase because no A allele has been recurrently observed in the wild strains and thus newly discovered strain will have good chances to contain new A allele. The high diversity in small area also suggests that the A mating locus has evolved rapidly and thus its diversity will further increase.

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Intraspecies Variation Offers Potential to Improve White Rot Fungi for Increasing Degradability of Lignocellulose for Ruminants
Anton S. M. Sonnenberg, Nazri Nayan, John W. Cone, Arend F. van Peer
Journal of Fungi.2024; 10(12): 858. CrossRef
Effect of a Mating Type Gene Editing in Lentinula edodes Using RNP/Nanoparticle Complex
Minseek Kim, Minji Oh, Ji-Hoon Im, Eun-Ji Lee, Hojin Ryu, Hyeon-Su Ro, Youn-Lee Oh
Journal of Fungi.2024; 10(12): 866. CrossRef
Structural Analysis of the A Mating Type Locus and Development of the Mating Type Marker of Agaricus bisporus var. bisporus
Yeon-Jae Choi, Sujin Jung, Hyerang Eom, Thimen Hoang, Hui-Gang Han, Sinil Kim, Hyeon-Su Ro
Journal of Fungi.2023; 9(3): 284. CrossRef
Determination and Analysis of Hyper-Variable A Mating Types in Wild Strains of Lentinula edodes in Korea
Mi-Jeong Park, Eunjin Kim, Yeun Sug Jeong, Mi-Young Son, Yeongseon Jang, Kang-Hyeon Ka
Mycobiology.2023; 51(1): 26. CrossRef
Haplotype-Resolved Genome Analyses Reveal Genetically Distinct Nuclei within a Commercial Cultivar of Lentinula edodes
Qi Gao, Dong Yan, Shuang Song, Yangyang Fan, Shouxian Wang, Yu Liu, Yu Huang, Chengbo Rong, Yuan Guo, Shuang Zhao, Wentao Qin, Jianping Xu
Journal of Fungi.2022; 8(2): 167. CrossRef
Mitochondrial Effects on the Physiological Characteristics of Lentinula edodes
Minseek Kim, Seong-Hyeok Yang, Hui-Gang Han, Eunbi Kim, Sinil Kim, Youn-Lee Oh, Hyeon-Su Ro
Mycobiology.2022; 50(5): 374. CrossRef
Comparative structural analysis on the mitochondrial DNAs from various strains of Lentinula edodes
Sinil Kim, Hyerang Eom, Rutuja Nandre, Yeon Jae Choi, Hwayong Lee, Hojin Ryu, Hyeon-Su Ro
Frontiers in Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Genetic structure and evolutionary diversity of mating-type (MAT) loci in Hypsizygus marmoreus
Gang Wang, Yuanyuan Wang, Lianfu Chen, Hongbo Wang, Lin Guo, Xuan Zhou, Meijie Dou, Baiyu Wang, Jingxian Lin, Lei Liu, Zhengchao Wang, Youjin Deng, Jisen Zhang
IMA Fungus.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Macrosynteny analysis between Lentinula edodes and Lentinula novae-zelandiae reveals signals of domestication in Lentinula edodes
Christopher Alan Smith
Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Wild Strains and Cultivars Using Genomic SSR Markers inLentinula edodes
Hwa-Yong Lee, Suyun Moon, Hyeon-Su Ro, Jong-Wook Chung, Hojin Ryu
Mycobiology.2020; 48(2): 115. CrossRef
Structure analysis of A and B mating type loci in a representative commercial strain of Pleurotus eryngii
Yejin Ju, Sinil Kim, Minseek Kim, Jae San Ryu, Hyeon-Su Ro
Scientia Horticulturae.2020; 274: 109686. CrossRef
Molecular analysis of B mating type diversity in Lentinula edodes
Byeongsuk Ha, Yoon Jung Moon, Yelin Song, Sinil Kim, Minseek Kim, Cheol-Won Yoon, Hyeon-Su Ro
Scientia Horticulturae.2019; 243: 55. CrossRef
Variable Number Tandem Repeats in the Mitochondrial DNA of Lentinula edodes
Sinil Kim, Yelin Song, Byeongsuk Ha, Yoon Jung Moon, Minseek Kim, Hojin Ryu, Hyeon-Su Ro
Genes.2019; 10(7): 542. CrossRef
Activation of the Mating Pheromone Response Pathway ofLentinula edodesby Synthetic Pheromones
Byeongsuk Ha, Sinil Kim, Minseek Kim, Hyeon-Su Ro
Mycobiology.2018; 46(4): 407. CrossRef

Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Structure and Function of the Mating-type Locus in the Homothallic Ascomycete, Didymella zeae-maydis: Sung-Hwan Yun , Olen C. Yoder , B. Gillian Turgeon; J. Microbiol. 2013;51(6):814-820. Published online December 19, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-013-3465-2

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Abstract

Homothallic Didymella zeae-maydis undergoes sexual reproduction by selfing. Sequence analysis of the mating type (MAT) locus from this fungus revealed that MAT carries both MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 genes found in heterothallic Dothideomycetes, separated by ~1.0 kb of noncoding DNA. To understand the mechanistic basis of homothallism in D. zeae-maydis, each of the MAT genes was deleted and the effects on selfing and on ability to cross in a heterothallic manner were determined. The strain carrying an intact MAT1-1-1 but defective MAT1-2-1 gene (MAT1-1-1;ΔMAT1-2-1) was self-sterile, however strains carrying an intact MAT1-2-1 but defective MAT1-1-1 gene (ΔMAT1-1-1;MAT1-2-1), when selfed, showed delayed production of a few ascospores. Attempts to cross the two MAT deletion strains yielded fewer ΔMAT1-1-1;MAT1-2-1 than MAT1-1-1;ΔMAT1-2-1 progeny and very few ascospores overall compared to WT selfs. This study demonstrates that, as in the other homothallic Dothideomycetes, both MAT genes are required for full fertility, but that, in contrast to other cases, the presence of a single MAT1-2-1 gene can induce homothallism, albeit inefficiently, in D. zeae-maydis.

Citations

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Structure and number of mating pheromone genes is closely linked to sexual reproductive strategy in Huntiella
Andi M. Wilson, Michael J. Wingfield, Brenda D. Wingfield
BMC Genomics.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The Role of Chromatin and Transcriptional Control in the Formation of Sexual Fruiting Bodies in Fungi
Minou Nowrousian
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
First Characterisation of the Phoma Species Complex on Maize Leaves in Central Europe
Lucia Ramos Romero, Dagmar Tacke, Birger Koopmann, Andreas von Tiedemann
Pathogens.2021; 10(9): 1216. CrossRef
Integrative Activity of Mating Loci, Environmentally Responsive Genes, and Secondary Metabolism Pathways during Sexual Development of Chaetomium globosum
Zheng Wang, Francesc López-Giráldez, Junrui Wang, Frances Trail, Jeffrey P. Townsend, Alexander Idnurm
mBio.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Transition from heterothallism to homothallism is hypothesised to have facilitated speciation among emerging Botryosphaeriaceae wheat-pathogens
Elisha Thynne, Megan C. McDonald, Peter S. Solomon
Fungal Genetics and Biology.2017; 109: 36. CrossRef
Molecular manipulation of the mating-type system and development of a new approach for characterizing pathogen virulence in Pyrenophora tritici-repentis
Gazala Ameen, Gayan Kariyawasam, Gongjun Shi, Timothy L. Friesen, Justin D. Faris, Shaukat Ali, Jack B. Rasmussen, Zhaohui Liu
Fungal Genetics and Biology.2017; 109: 16. CrossRef
Genetic Dissection of Sexual Reproduction in a Primary Homothallic Basidiomycete
Márcia David-Palma, José Paulo Sampaio, Paula Gonçalves, Joseph Heitman
PLOS Genetics.2016; 12(6): e1006110. CrossRef
Mating-Type Gene Structure and Spatial Distribution ofDidymella tanacetiin Pyrethrum Fields
Tamieka L. Pearce, Jason B. Scott, Frank S. Hay, Sarah J. Pethybridge
Phytopathology®.2016; 106(12): 1521. CrossRef
Fungal Sex: The Ascomycota
Richard J. Bennett, B. Gillian Turgeon, Joseph Heitman
Microbiology Spectrum.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Characterization and distribution of mating-type genes of the turfgrass pathogen Sclerotinia homoeocarpa on a global scale
Alexander I. Putman, Lane P. Tredway, Ignazio Carbone
Fungal Genetics and Biology.2015; 81: 25. CrossRef
Unisexual versus bisexual mating in Cryptococcus neoformans: Consequences and biological impacts
Ci Fu, Sheng Sun, R.B. Billmyre, Kevin C. Roach, Joseph Heitman
Fungal Genetics and Biology.2015; 78: 65. CrossRef
Pondering Mating: Pneumocystis jirovecii, the Human Lung Pathogen, Selfs without Mating Type Switching, in Contrast to Its Close Relative Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Patrik Inderbitzin, B. Gillian Turgeon
mBio.2015;[Epub] CrossRef

Construction of Multiple Mutant Strains by Mating Procedures for the Cloning of pmn and pmb Genes Encoding Amino Acid Permeases in Neurospora crassa: Han, Hyo Young , Min, Kyung Hee; J. Microbiol. 1995;33(2):142-145.

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Abstract: The pmb gene encoding a basic amino acid transport protein in Neurospora crassa could be cloned by using a mutant strain defective in pmb gene as a host strain, using a negative selection on the media containing amino acid analogue canavanine. To select positive transformants of the genes for cloning, an auxotrophic marker (his-2) was added to a pmb mutant strain by mating ; a triple mutant (pmn : pmb : his-2) was constructued by crossing a strain defective in basic amino acid transport system (# 1683-bat um 535 "A") to a double mutant strain defective in neutral amino acid transport and histidine production (mitr6r : his-2 "a"). Crossing was performed on synthetic crossing (SC) media containing histidine. The pmn : pmb and pmn :pmb : his-2 strains were selected among the progeny colonies from crosses on plates containing 50㎍/㎖ para-fluoro-phenylalanine (PFPA), 200㎍/㎖ canavanine, and 500㎍/㎖ histidine. The selected colonies were cultured on minimal media with or without histidine for discarding pmn : pmb strain, because the pmn : pmb : his -2 strain grows only on histidine containing media. The pmn :pmb : his-2 strain selected can be used as a host strain for the cloning of the pmb and the pmn genes from a Neurospora genomic library by means of positive selections.

Genetic DNA Marker for A2 mating type in Phytophthora infestans: Kwon Jong Kim , Youn Su Lee; J. Microbiol. 2002;40(4):254-259.

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Abstract: The Phytophthora infestans requires two mating types for sexual reproduction. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was used to specifically detect different mating types of P. infestans . The AFLP primers E+AA (5'-GACTGCGTACCAATTCAA-3') and M+CAA (5'-GATGAGTCCTGAGTAACAA-3') detected a fragment that is specific in the A2 mating type of P. infestans . This fragment was cloned and sequenced. Based on the sequence data, PHYB-1 and PHYB-2 primer were designed to detect the A2 mating type of P. infestans. A single 347 bp segment was observed in the A2 mating type of P. infestans, but not in the A1 mating type of P. infestans or other Phytophthora spp. Identification of mating type was performed with phenotype (sexual reproduction) and genotype (CAPs marker) methods. Two factors, the annealing temperature and template DNA quantity, were investigated to determine the optimal conditions. Using mating type-specific primers, a unique band was obtained within annealing temperatures of 57 ℃-62℃ and DNA levels of 10pg-100 ng (data not shown).

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