Journal of Microbiology

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Shift of Phylogenic Position in Megalocytiviruses Based on Three Different Genes: Se Ryun Kwon , Toyohiko Nishizawa , Jong-Won Park , Myung-Joo Oh; J. Microbiol. 2011;49(6):981-986. Published online December 28, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-1500-8

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Major capsid protein (MCP), the adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), and the PstI fragment genes from five Japanese and three Korean megalocytivirus isolates were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed with known megalocytiviruses. Phylogenetic trees formed three major clusters (M1, M2, and M3 or P1, P2, and P3), and genogroup I was divided into two minor clusters (M1a/M1b and P1a/P1b) using three target genes. Sequence identity was >97% within each cluster, except cluster II of the PstI fragment (>94% of sequence identity). Interestingly, different genotyping patterns were observed for the same isolates depending on the gene analyzed. The JPN-YelTail and JPN-BfTuna isolates located in the minor M1a cluster, based on MCP and ATPase nucleotide sequences, appeared in the minor P1b cluster based on the PstI fragment, suggesting a shift of phylogenic position in megalocytiviruses. Further study will be conducted to compare the viral antigenicity and pathogenicity between the two isolates showing the shift of phylogenic position and the other isolates clustered within genogroup I.

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Genetic Variation and Geographic Distribution of Megalocytiviruses: Jun-Young Song , Shin-Ichi Kitamura , Sung-Ju Jung , Toshiaki Miyadai , Shinji Tanaka , Yutaka Fukuda , Seok-Ryel Kim , Myung-Joo Oh; J. Microbiol. 2008;46(1):29-33.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-007-0184-6

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Abstract

Viruses belonging to the genus Megalocytivirus in the family Iridoviridae have caused mass mortalities in marine and freshwater fish in Asian countries. In this study, partial major capsid protein (MCP) gene of seven Japanese and six Korean megalocytiviruses was sequenced and compared with the known megalocytiviruses to evaluate genetic variation and geographic distribution of the viruses. Comparison of MCP gene nucleotide sequences revealed sequence identity of 92.8% or greater among these 48 isolates. A phylogenetic tree clearly revealed three clusters: genotype I including nine Japanese isolates, thirteen Korean isolates, one Chinese isolates, one Thailand isolate and one South China Sea isolate; genotype II including five freshwater fish isolates in Southeast Asian countries and Australia; and the remaining genotype III mainly consisted of flatfish isolate in Korea and China. This suggests that viruses belonging to the genotype I widely distribute among various fish species in many Asian countries. Conversely, the epidemic viruses belonged to genotype II and III are may be still locally spreading and constrained in their prevalence to the limited host fish species, i.e., genotype II viruses mainly distribute in Southeast Asian countries, whereas genotype III viruses distribute in flatfish species in Korea and China.

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