Journal of Microbiology

Review

Trans-acting regulators of ribonuclease activity: Jaejin Lee , Minho Lee , Kangseok Lee; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(4):341-359. Published online March 29, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0650-6

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RNA metabolism needs to be tightly regulated in response to changes in cellular physiology. Ribonucleases (RNases) play an essential role in almost all aspects of RNA metabolism, including processing, degradation, and recycling of RNA molecules. Thus, living systems have evolved to regulate RNase activity at multiple levels, including transcription, post-transcription, post-translation, and cellular localization. In addition, various trans-acting regulators of RNase activity have been discovered in recent years. This review focuses on the physiological roles and underlying mechanisms of trans-acting regulators of RNase activity.

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Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Flagellar-Associated Genes in Salmonella Typhimurium and Its rnc Mutant
Seungmok Han, Ji-Won Byun, Minho Lee
Journal of Microbiology.2024; 62(1): 33. CrossRef
Insights into the metabolism, signaling, and physiological effects of 2’,3’-cyclic nucleotide monophosphates in bacteria
Nick J. Marotta, Emily E. Weinert
Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.2023; 58(2-6): 118. CrossRef
Relaxed Cleavage Specificity of Hyperactive Variants of Escherichia coli RNase E on RNA I
Dayeong Bae, Hana Hyeon, Eunkyoung Shin, Ji-Hyun Yeom, Kangseok Lee
Journal of Microbiology.2023; 61(2): 211. CrossRef
Regulator of RNase E activity modulates the pathogenicity of Salmonella Typhimurium
Jaejin Lee, Eunkyoung Shin, Ji-Hyun Yeom, Jaeyoung Park, Sunwoo Kim, Minho Lee, Kangseok Lee
Microbial Pathogenesis.2022; 165: 105460. CrossRef

Journal Article

Lentibacillus cibarius sp. nov., isolated from kimchi, a Korean fermented food: Young Joon Oh , Joon Yong Kim , Hee Eun Jo , Hyo Kyeong Park , Seul Ki Lim , Min-Sung Kwon , Hak-Jong Choi; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(5):387-394. Published online April 11, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9507-7

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Abstract

Two bacterial strains designated NKC220-2T and NKC851-2 were isolated from commercial kimchi from different areas in Korea. The strains were Gram-positive, aerobic, oxidaseand catalase-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming, non-motile, and halophilic bacteria. Both strains grew without NaCl, unlike type species in the genus Lentibacillus. The optimal pH for growth was 8.0, higher than that of the type species in the genus Lentibacillus, although growth was observed at pH 5.5–9.0. 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis indicated that the two strains (99.3–99.9% similarity) are grouped within the genus Lentibacillus and most closely related to Lentibacillus juripiscarius IS40-3T (97.4–97.6% similarity) isolated from fish sauce in Thailand. OrthoANI value between two novel strains and Lentibacillus lipolyticus SSKP1- 9T (79.5–79.6% similarity) was far lower than the species demarcation threshold. Comparative genomic analysis displayed differences between the two strains as well as among other strains belonging to Lentibacillus. Furthermore, each isolate had strain-specific groups of orthologous genes based on pangenome analysis. Genomic G + C contents of strains NKC- 220-2T and NKC851-2 were 41.9 and 42.2 mol%, respectively. The strains contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in their cell walls, and the major menaquinone was menaquinone-7. Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, and an unidentified glycolipid, aminophospholipid, and phospholipid were the major polar lipid components of both strains. The major cellular fatty acids of the strains were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso- C17:0. Based on phenotypic, genomic, phylogenetic, and chemotaxonomic features, strains NKC220-2T and NKC851-2 represent novel species of the genus Lentibacillus, for which the name Lentibacillus cibarius sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NKC220-2T (= KACC 21232T = JCM 33390T).

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Detection of the Microbial Composition of Some Commercial Fermented Liquid Products via Metagenomic Analysis
Cansu Çelik Doğan, Hafize Tuğba Yüksel Dolgun, Serkan İkiz, Şükrü Kırkan, Uğur Parın
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Lentibacillus daqui sp. nov., isolated from high-temperature Daqu, a starter for production of Chinese Jiang-flavour Baijiu
Yuan Liang, Zhen-Ming Lu, Wei Shi, Lin-Huan Wu, Li-Juan Chai, Xiao-Juan Zhang, Su-Yi Zhang, Song-Tao Wang, Cai-Hong Shen, Zheng-Hong Xu
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Occurrence of biogenic amines and their correlation with bacterial communities in the Ivorian traditional fermented fish adjuevan during the storage
Marina Ghislaine Abré, Clémentine Amenan Kouakou-Kouamé, Florent Kouadio N’guessan, Corinne Teyssier, Didier Montet
Folia Microbiologica.2023; 68(2): 257. CrossRef
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Qian Liu, Guoying Fan, Kui Wu, Xiangning Bai, Xi Yang, Wentao Song, Shengen Chen, Yanwen Xiong, Haiying Chen
Journal of Microbiology.2022; 60(7): 668. CrossRef
Parasphingorhabdus cellanae sp. nov., isolated from the gut of a Korean limpet, Cellana toreuma
Ji-Ho Yoo, Jeong Eun Han, June-Young Lee, Su-Won Jeong, Yun-Seok Jeong, Jae-Yun Lee, So-Yeon Lee, Hojun Sung, Euon Jung Tak, Hyun Sik Kim, Pil Soo Kim, Jee-Won Choi, Do-Yeon Kim, In Chul Jeong, Do-Hun Gim, Seo Min Kang, Jin-Woo Bae
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Wentao Zhu, Juan Zhou, Shan Lu, Jing Yang, Xin-He Lai, Dong Jin, Ji Pu, Yuyuan Huang, Liyun Liu, Zhenjun Li, Jianguo Xu
Journal of Microbiology.2022; 60(2): 137. CrossRef
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Jakub Lach, Paulina Jęcz, Dominik Strapagiel, Agnieszka Matera-Witkiewicz, Paweł Stączek
Genes.2021; 12(11): 1756. CrossRef
Lentibacillus saliphilus. sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a saltern in Korea
Yun Wang, Gang-Qiang Jiang, Hong-Ping Lin, Peng Sun, Hong-Yan Zhang, Dong-Mei Lu, Li-Yun Wang, Chang-Jin Kim, Shu-Kun Tang
Archives of Microbiology.2021; 203(2): 621. CrossRef
Salicibibacter cibarius sp. nov. and Salicibibacter cibi sp. nov., two novel species of the family Bacillaceae isolated from kimchi
Young Joon Oh, Joon Yong Kim, Seul Ki Lim, Min-Sung Kwon, Hak-Jong Choi
Journal of Microbiology.2021; 59(5): 460. CrossRef
Flaviflexus ciconiae sp. nov., isolated from the faeces of the oriental stork, Ciconia boyciana
Jae-Yun Lee, Woorim Kang, Pil Soo Kim, So-Yeon Lee, Na-Ri Shin, Hojun Sung, June-Young Lee, Ji-Hyun Yun, Yun-Seok Jeong, Jeong Eun Han, Mi-Ja Jung, Dong-Wook Hyun, Hyun Sik Kim, Euon Jung Tak, Jin-Woo Bae
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.2020; 70(10): 5439. CrossRef
List of new names and new combinations that have appeared in effective publications outside of the IJSEM and are submitted for valid publication
Aharon Oren, George M. Garrity
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2019;[Epub] CrossRef

Review

[MINIREVIEW] Alanine dehydrogenases in mycobacteria: Ji-A Jeong , Jeong-Il Oh; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(2):81-92. Published online January 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8543-7

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Abstract

Since NAD(H)-dependent L-alanine dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.4.1; Ald) was identified as one of the major antigens present in culture filtrates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, many studies on the enzyme have been conducted. Ald catalyzes the reversible conversion of pyruvate to alanine with concomitant oxidation of NADH to NAD+ and has a homohexameric quaternary structure. Expression of the ald genes was observed to be strongly upregulated in M. tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis grown in the presence of alanine. Furthermore, expression of the ald genes in some mycobacteria was observed to increase under respiration-inhibitory conditions such as oxygen-limiting and nutrient-starvation conditions. Upregulation of ald expression by alanine or under respiration-inhibitory conditions is mediated by AldR, a member of the Lrp/AsnC family of transcriptional regulators. Mycobacterial Alds were demonstrated to be the enzymes required for utilization of alanine as a nitrogen source and to help mycobacteria survive under respiration-inhibitory conditions by maintaining cellular NADH/NAD+ homeostasis. Several inhibitors of Ald have been developed, and their application in combination with respiration-inhibitory antitubercular drugs such as Q203 and bedaquiline was recently suggested.

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Michela Guida, Chiara Tammaro, Miriana Quaranta, Benedetta Salvucci, Mariangela Biava, Giovanna Poce, Sara Consalvi
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Alanine dehydrogenases from four different microorganisms: characterization and their application in L-alanine production
Pengfei Gu, Qianqian Ma, Shuo Zhao, Qiang Li, Juan Gao
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Application of reductive amination by heterologously expressed Thermomicrobium roseum L-alanine dehydrogenase to synthesize L-alanine derivatives
Huri Dedeakayoğulları, Jarkko Valjakka, Ossi Turunen, Berin Yilmazer, Ğarip Demir, Janne Jänis, Barış Binay
Enzyme and Microbial Technology.2023; 169: 110265. CrossRef
A review on enzyme complexes of electron transport chain from Mycobacterium tuberculosis as promising drug targets
Pragya Anand, Yusuf Akhter
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2022; 212: 474. CrossRef
Alanine synthesized by alanine dehydrogenase enables ammonium-tolerant nitrogen fixation in Paenibacillus sabinae T27
Qin Li, Haowei Zhang, Yi Song, Minyang Wang, Chongchong Hua, Yashi Li, Sanfeng Chen, Ray Dixon, Jilun Li
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Antibacterial Activity of Squaric Amide Derivative SA2 against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts

Performance of a real-time PCR assay for the rapid identification of Mycobacterium species: Hye-young Wang , Hyunjung Kim , Sunghyun Kim , Do-kyoon Kim , Sang-Nae Cho , Hyeyoung Lee; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(1):38-46. Published online January 4, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-4495-8

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Abstract

Mycobacteria cause a variety of illnesses that differ in severity and public health implications. The differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) from nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is of primary importance for infection control and choice of antimicrobial therapy. The diagnosis of diseases caused by NTM is difficult because NTM species are prevalent in the environment and because they have fastidious properties. In the present study, we evaluated 279 clinical isolates grown in liquid culture provided by The Catholic University of Korea, St. Vincent’s Hospital using real-time PCR based on mycobacterial rpoB gene sequences. The positive rate of real-time PCR assay accurately discriminated 100% (195/195) and 100% (84/84) between MTB and NTM species. Comparison of isolates identified using the MolecuTech REBA Myco-ID? and Real Myco-ID? were completely concordant except for two samples. Two cases that were identified as mixed infection (M. intracellulare-M. massiliense and M. avium-M. massiliense co-infection) by PCRREBA assay were only detected using M. abscessus-specific probes by Real Myco-ID?. Among a total of 84 cases, the most frequently identified NTM species were M. intracellulare (n=38, 45.2%), M. avium (n=18, 23.7%), M. massiliense (n=10, 13.2%), M. fortuitum (n=5, 6%), M. abscessus (n=3, 3.9%), M. gordonae (n=3, 3.9%), M. kansasii (n=2, 2.4%), M. mucogenicum (n=2, 2.4%), and M. chelonae (n= 1, 1.2%). Real Myco-ID? is an efficient tool for the rapid detection of NTM species as well as MTB and sensitive and specific and comparable to conventional methods.

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Durlobactam to boost the clinical utility of standard of care β-lactams against Mycobacterium abscessus lung disease
Dereje A. Negatu, Wassihun Wedajo Aragaw, Tewodros T. Gebresilase, Sindhuja Paruchuri, Firat Kaya, Sung Jae Shin, Peter Sander, Véronique Dartois, Thomas Dick, Jared A. Silverman
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of Nanopore Sequencing for Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis Using Negative Smear Clinical Specimens
Guocan Yu, Yanqin Shen, Liwei Yao, Xudong Xu
Infection and Drug Resistance.2024; Volume 17: 673. CrossRef
Preclinical murine models for the testing of antimicrobials against Mycobacterium abscessus pulmonary infections: Current practices and recommendations
Véronique Dartois, Tracey L. Bonfield, Jim P. Boyce, Charles L. Daley, Thomas Dick, Mercedes Gonzalez-Juarrero, Shashank Gupta, Igor Kramnik, Gyanu Lamichhane, Barbara E. Laughon, Nicola I. Lorè, Kenneth C. Malcolm, Kenneth N. Olivier, Katherine L. Tuggle
Tuberculosis.2024; 147: 102503. CrossRef
Epidemiology and laboratory detection of non-tuberculous mycobacteria
Nuo Xu, Lihong Li, Shenghai Wu
Heliyon.2024; 10(15): e35311. CrossRef
Molecular identification of non-tuberculous mycobacterial species isolated from extrapulmonary samples using real-time PCR and rpoB sequence analysis
Mohammad Hashemzadeh, Aram Asarehzadegan Dezfuli, Azar Dokht Khosravi, Maryam Moradi Bandbal, Atousa Ghorbani, Mahtab Hamed, Soolmaz Khandan Dezfuli
AMB Express.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
TO ANALYZE THE TB-PCR POSITIVITY RATE USING REAL-TIME PCR FOR EARLY DETECTION OF TUBERCULOSIS
DEEPAK SAWANT, LOKHANDE CD, SHARMA RK, CHOUGULE RA
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research.2023; : 167. CrossRef
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Chang-Hun Park
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Evaluation of a new assay for nontuberculous mycobacteria species identification in diagnostic material and cultures
Tatiana Smirnova, Vera Ustinova, Sofya Andreevskaya, Elena Larionova, Ekaterina Kiseleva, Larisa Chernousova, Dmitry Varlamov, Dmitry Sochivko, Atadzhan Ergeshov
Tuberculosis.2021; 130: 102124. CrossRef
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Guohui Xiao, Xing He, Su Zhang, Yaya Liu, Zhihang Liang, Houming Liu, Juanjuan Zhang, Min Ou, Shuhao Cai, Wenjie Lai, Tianyu Zhang, Lili Ren, Guoliang Zhang, Yi-Wei Tang
Journal of Clinical Microbiology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Diagnostic Performance of the GENEDIA MTB/NTM Detection Kit for Detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria With Sputum Specimens
Sunghwan Shin, In Young Yoo, Hyang Jin Shim, On Kyun Kang, Byung Woo Jhun, Won-Jung Koh, Hee Jae Huh, Nam Yong Lee
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Diagnostic performance of real time PCR and MALDI-TOF in the detection of nontuberculous mycobacteria from clinical isolates
Ellappan Kalaiarasan, Kalpana Thangavelu, Krishnakumariamma Krishnapriya, Muthaiah Muthuraj, Maria Jose, Noyal Mariya Joseph
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Comparison of the Three Molecular Diagnostic Assays for Molecular Identification ofMycobacterium tuberculosisand Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Species in Sputum Samples
Jinyoung Bae, Sung-Bae Park, Ji-Hoi Kim, Mi Ran Kang, Kyung Eun Lee, Sunghyun Kim, Hyunwoo Jin
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Rapid Identification of Clinically Relevant Mycobacterium Species by Multicolor Melting Curve Analysis
Ye Xu, Bin Liang, Chen Du, Xueshan Tian, Xingshan Cai, Yanjie Hou, Hui Li, Rongrong Zheng, Junlian Li, Yuqin Liu, Kaili Wang, Muhammad Ammar Athar, Yaoju Tan, Qingge Li, Melissa B. Miller
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Jean Sebastian Hurtado Hurtado
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Adverse Effects of Immunosuppressive Therapy in Rheumatic Patients: Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Infection
Jean Sebastian Hurtado Hurtado
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Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease Caused byMycobacterium shinjukuense: The First Reported Case in Korea
Seong Mi Moon, Su-Young Kim, Myung Jin Chung, Seung Heon Lee, Sung Jae Shin, Won-Jung Koh
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2015; 78(4): 416. CrossRef

Evaluation of the Cell Growth of Mycobacteria Using Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2 155 as a Representative Species: Jorge A. Gonzalez-y-Merchand , Ruben Zaragoza-Contreras , Rosalina Guadarrama-Medina , Addy C. Helguera-Repetto , Sandra Rivera-Gutierrez , Jorge F. Cerna-Cortes , Leopoldo Santos-Argumedo , Robert A. Cox; J. Microbiol. 2012;50(3):419-425. Published online June 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-1556-0

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Abstract: The study of the in vitro cell growth of mycobacteria still remains a fastidious, difficult, and time-consuming procedure. In addition, assessing mycobacterial growth in the laboratory is often complicated by cell aggregation and slow growth-rate. We now report that the use of a stainless steel spring in the culture led to an absence of large cell clumps, to a decrease of dead cells in the exponential phase and to growth of a more homogeneous population of large cells. We also report that flow cytometry is a rapid, simple and reliable approach to monitor mycobacterial cell growth and viability. Here, we monitored Mycobacterium smegmatis cellular growth by optical density, dry cell mass, and colony forming units; in addition, viability, cell size and granularity profiles were analyzed by flow cytometry, and cell morphology by electron microscopy. Cultures monitored by flow cytometry may lead to a better understanding of the physiology of mycobacteria. Moreover, this methodology may aid in characterizing the cell growth of other fastidious species of microorganisms.

Evaluation of Three Molecular Methods of Repetitive Element Loci for Differentiation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP): Amr El-Sayed , Abdulwahed Ahmed Hassan , Saleh Natour , Amir Abdulmawjood , Michael Bulte , Wilfried Wolter , Michael Zschock; J. Microbiol. 2009;47(3):253-259. Published online June 26, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-008-0257-1

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Abstract: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the efficiency of three methods to determine the molecular diversity of 34 Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) strains isolated from 17 cattle herds. The applied methods included the analysis of sequence polymorphism of the mononucleotide (G1 and G2) and trinucleotide sequences (GGT) of the Short Sequence Repeats (SSR) and the determination of size polymorphism of 9 different Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Units (MIRU) and 6 Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTR). Sequence analysis of SSR of 34 isolates showed 4, 6, and 2 alleles of G1, G2, and GGT repeats, respectively. The amplification of the investigated 9 MIRU units revealed only two discriminatory genotyping systems (MIRU2 and MIRU3). Out of 6 VNTR PCR differentiation methods, only one method could be recommended for genotyping purposes. The profile 7g-12g-4ggt-II-b-2 of the combination systems G1-G2-GGT-MIRU2-MIRU3-VNTR1658 dominates among the examined isolates and was
detected in 14.7% of the isolates. The use of certain repetitive loci of SSR, MIRU, and VNTR techniques in this study showed greater potential than others for the characterization of MAP isolates. The recommended loci can be used for the epidemiological tracing of MAP field strains and to determine the relationships
between isolates in different herds.

Expression and Regulation of Ribulose 1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase Genes in Mycobacterium sp. Strain JC1 DSM 3803: Jae Ho Lee , Dong Oh Park , Sae Woong Park , Eun Ha Hwang , Jeong Il Oh , Young Min Kim; J. Microbiol. 2009;47(3):297-307. Published online June 26, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-008-0210-3

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Abstract: Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) is the key enzyme of the Calvin reductive pentose phosphate cycle. Two sets of structural genes (cbbLS-1 and -2) for form I RubisCO have been previously identified in the Mycobacterium sp. strain JC1, which is able to grow on carbon monoxide (CO) or methanol as sole sources of carbon and energy. Northern blot and reverse transcriptase PCR showed that the cbbLS-1 and -2 genes are expressed in cells grown on either carbon monoxide (CO) or methanol, but not in cells grown in nutrient broth. A promoter assay revealed that the cbbLS-2 promoter has a higher activity than the cbbLS-1 promoter in both CO- and methanol-grown cells, and that the activities of both promoters were higher in CO-grown cells than in methanol-grown cells. A gel mobility shift assay and footprinting assays showed that CbbR expressed in Escherichia coli from a cbbR gene, which is located downstream of cbbLS-1 and transcribed in the same orientation as that of the cbbLS genes, specifically bound to the promoter regions of the cbbLS-1 and -2 genes containing inverted repeat sequence. A DNase I footprinting assay revealed that CbbR protected positions -59 to -3 and -119 to -78 of the cbbLS-1 and -2 promoters, respectively. Overexpression of CbbR induced the transcription of RubisCO genes in Mycobacterium sp. strain JC1 grown in nutrient broth. Our results suggest that the CbbR product from a single cbbR gene may positively regulate two cbbLS operons in the Mycobacterium sp. strain JC1 as is the case for Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Cupriavidus necator.

Journal Article

Targeting the rpoB Gene Using Nested PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism for Identification of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Hospital Tap Water: Ji-Hyun Shin , Hae-Kyung Lee , Eun-Jin Cho , Jae-Yon Yu , Yeon-Ho Kang; J. Microbiol. 2008;46(6):608-614. Published online December 24, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-008-0102-6

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Abstract: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous in the environment and can cause nosocomial infections in immunocompromised patients. Recently the presence of NTM in public drinking water and hospital water distribution systems has been reported. Their ability to form biofilms and their resistance to chlorine both contribute to their survival and colonization in water distribution systems. Here we analyzed thirty-two hospital tap water samples that were collected from different locations in three hospitals so as to evaluate the prevalence of NTM species. The water samples were concentrated by membrane filtration and then eluted with sterilized water following sonication. Two-step direct PCR targeting the rpoB gene, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using the MspI restriction enzyme, and sequence analysis were performed for identification of NTM to the species level. The sequences of each PCR product were analyzed using BLASTN. Seven samples (7/32, 21.9%) were positive for NTM as determined by nested-PCR. The PCR-RFLP results indicated five different patterns among the seven positive PCR samples. The waterborn NTM were identified, including M. peregrinum, M. chelonae (2 cases), M. abscessus, M. gordonae (2 cases), and Mycobacterium sp. JLS. The direct two-step PCR-RFLP method targeting the rpoB gene was effective for the detection and the differentiation of NTM species from hospital tap water.

Genomic polymorphism in clinical mycobacterial strains analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: Kim, Jeong Ran , Kim, Cheorl Ho; J. Microbiol. 1997;35(3):172-176.

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Abstract: The Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates in Korea, showing different drug resistances, were analyzed by comparing large restriction fragment (LRF) patterns produced y digestion of genomic DNA with infrequent-cutting endonucleases of SpeI, AsnI and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). SpeI and AsnI allowed with AsnI and SpeI, strains yielded an absolutely identical pattern for Korean type's mycobacteria even though they showed different drug resisstance. However, when three M. tuberculosis strains, showing drug resistance, were digested with XbaI, patterns were different from those of the other M. tuberculosis strians which are susceptible to drugs. This study reveals that the comparison of chromosomal restriction patterns is very useful as an additional aid for the differentiation and identification of M. tuberculosis strains showing drug resistances.

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