Journal of Microbiology

Journal Articles

Saxibacter everestensis gen. nov., sp. nov., A Novel Member of the Family Brevibacteriaceae, Isolated from the North Slope of Mount Everest.: Mao Tian, Shiyu Wu, Wei Zhang, Gaosen Zhang, Xue Yu, Yujie Wu, Puchao Jia, Binglin Zhang, Tuo Chen, Guangxiu Liu; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(4):277-284. Published online March 6, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00108-1

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Abstract: We isolated and analyzed a novel, Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile actinobacterium, designated as strain ZFBP1038(T), from rock sampled on the north slope of Mount Everest. The growth requirements of this strain were 10-37 °C, pH 4-10, and 0-6% (w/v) NaCl. The sole respiratory quinone was MK-9, and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(17:0). Peptidoglycan containing meso-diaminopimelic acid, ribose, and glucose were the major cell wall sugars, while polar lipids included diphosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl glycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, and an unidentified glycolipid. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain ZFBP1038(T) has the highest similarity with Spelaeicoccus albus DSM 26341( T) (96.02%). ZFBP1038(T) formed a distinct monophyletic clade within the family Brevibacteriaceae and was distantly related to the genus Spelaeicoccus. The G + C content of strain ZFBP1038(T) was 63.65 mol% and the genome size was 4.05 Mb. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization, average nucleotide identity, and average amino acid identity values between the genomes of strain ZFBP1038(T) and representative reference strains were 19.3-25.2, 68.0-71.0, and 52.8-60.1%, respectively. Phylogenetic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic characteristics as well as comparative genome analyses suggested that strain ZFBP1038(T) represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Saxibacter gen. nov., sp. nov. was assigned with the type strain Saxibacter everestensis ZFBP1038(T) (= EE 014( T) = GDMCC 1.3024( T) = JCM 35335( T)).

Structural and Functional Analyses of the Flavoprotein Disulfide Reductase FN0820 of Fusobacterium nucleatum: Hyunwoo Shin , Yeongjin Baek , Dukwon Lee , Yongbin Xu , Yonghoon Kwon , Inseong Jo , Nam-Chul Ha; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(12):1033-1041. Published online December 20, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00095-9

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Abstract: Escherichia coli RclA and Staphylococcus aureus MerA are part of the Group I flavoprotein disulfide reductase (FDR) family and have been implicated in the contribution to bacterial pathogenesis by defending against the host immune response. Fusobacterium nucleatum is a pathogenic, anaerobic Gram-negative bacterial species commonly found in the human oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we discovered that the F. nucleatum protein FN0820, belonging to the Group I FDR family, exhibited a higher activity of a Cu2+- dependent NADH oxidase than E. coli RclA. Moreover, FN0820 decreased the dissolved oxygen level in the solution with higher NADH oxidase activity. We found that L-tryptophan and its analog 5-hydroxytryptophan inhibit the FN0820 activities of NADH oxidase and the concomitant reduction of oxygen. Our results have implications for developing new treatment strategies against pathogens that defend the host immune response with Group I FDRs.

Regulation of iron homeostasis by peroxide-sensitive CatR, a Fur-family regulator in Streptomyces coelicolor: Yeonbum Kim , Jung-Hye Roe , Joo-Hong Park , Yong-Joon Cho , Kang-Lok Lee; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(12):1083-1091. Published online December 4, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-1457-1

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Abstract: CatR, a peroxide-sensing transcriptional repressor of Fur family, can de-repress the transcription of the catA gene encoding catalase upon peroxide stress in Streptomyces coelicolor. Since CatR-regulated genes other than catA and its own gene catR have not been identified in detail, the understanding of the role of CatR regulon is very limited. In this study, we performed transcriptomic analysis to identify genes influenced by both 􀈟􀂊atR mutation and hydrogen peroxide treatment. Through ChIP-qPCR and other analyses, a new consensus sequence was found in CatR-responsive promoter region of catR gene and catA operon for direct regulation. In addition, vtlA (SCO2027) and SCO4983 were identified as new members of the CatR regulon. Expression levels of iron uptake genes were reduced by hydrogen peroxide and a DmdR1 binding sequence was identified in promoters of these genes. The increase in free iron by hydrogen peroxide was thought to suppress the iron import system by DmdR1. A putative exporter protein VtlA regulated by CatR appeared to reduce intracellular iron to prevent oxidative stress. The name vtlA (VIT1-like transporter) was proposed for iron homeostasis related gene SCO2027.

Review

Raloxifene as a treatment option for viral infections: Subin Hong , JuOae Chang , Kwiwan Jeong , Wonsik Lee; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(2):124-131. Published online February 1, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0617-7

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32 Citations

Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV- 2) has caused corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and led to mass casualty. Even though much effort has been put into development of vaccine and treatment
methods
to combat COVID-19, no safe and efficient cure has been discovered. Drug repurposing or drug repositioning which is a process of investigating pre-existing drug candidates for novel applications outside their original medical indication can speed up the drug development process. Raloxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that has been approved by FDA in 1997 for treatment and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis and cancer. Recently, raloxifene demonstrates efficacy in treating viral infections by Ebola, influenza A, and hepatitis C viruses and shows potential for drug repurposing for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review will provide an overview of raloxifene’s mechanism of action as a SERM and present proposed mechanisms of action in treatment of viral infections.

Published Erratum

Erratum: Secretions from Serratia marcescens Inhibit the Growth and Biofilm Formation of Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans: Caiyan Xin , Fen Wang , Jinping Zhang , Quan Zhou , Fangyan Liu , Chunling Zhao , Zhangyong Song; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(4):479-479.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00037-5

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Abstract: Erratum: Journal of Microbiology (2023) 61:221–232 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-00007-3 In this article the acknowledgment has been given erroneously. It should be read as follows: This research was supported financially by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2023NSFSC1698, 2023NSFSC0529, 2022NSFSC1539, and 2022YFS0629) and Luzhou (2021-JYJ-73 and 2022-JYJ-159), the Technology Strategic Cooperation Project of Luzhou Municipal People’s Government Southwest Medical University (2020LZXNYDJ38 and 2020LZXNYDJ23), and the Foundation of Southwest Medical University (2021ZKMS008, 2022QN042, 2022QN085, 2022QN102, and 2022QN118). The original article has been corrected.

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