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- [MINIREVIEW] Probiotics in human health and disease: from nutribiotics to pharmabiotics
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Eun-Sook Lee , Eun-Ji Song , Young-Do Nam , So-Young Lee
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J. Microbiol. 2018;56(11):773-782. Published online October 24, 2018
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-8293-y
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Abstract
- Probiotics are the most useful tools for balancing the gut
microbiota and thereby influencing human health and disease.
Probiotics have a range of effects, from those on nutritional
status to medical conditions throughout the body from
the gut to non-intestinal body sites such as the brain and skin.
Research interest in probiotics with nutritive claims (categorized
as nutribiotics) has evolved into interest in therapeutic
and pharmacological probiotics with health claims (pharmabiotics).
The concept of pharmabiotics emerged only two
decades ago, and the new categorization of probiotics to nutribiotics
and pharmabiotics was recently suggested, which
are under the different regulation depending on that they are
food or drug. Information of the gut microbiome has been
continuously accumulating, which will make possible the gut
microbiome-based healthcare in the future, when nutribiotics
show potential for maintaining health while pharmabiotics
are effective therapeutic tools for human diseases. This review
describes the current understanding in the conceptualization
and classification of probiotics. Here, we reviewed probiotics
as nutribiotics with nutritional functions and pharmabiotics
with pharmaceutic functions in different diseases.
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