The major industrial heap bioleaching processes are located
in desert regions (mainly Chile and Australia) where fresh
water is scarce and the use of resources with low water activity
becomes an attractive alternative. However, in spite
of the importance of the microbial populations involved in
these processes, little is known about their response or adaptation
to osmotic stress. In order to investigate the response
to osmotic stress in these microorganisms, six species of acidophilic
bacteria were grown at elevated osmotic strength in
liquid media, and the compatible solutes synthesised were
identified using ion chromatography and MALDI-TOF mass
spectrometry. Trehalose was identified as one of, or the sole,
compatible solute in all species and strains, apart from Acidithiobacillus
thiooxidans where glucose and proline levels
increased at elevated osmotic potentials. Several other potential
compatible solutes were tentatively identified by MALDITOF
analysis. The same compatible solutes were produced
by these bacteria regardless of the salt used to produce the osmotic
stress. The results correlate with data from sequenced
genomes which confirm that many chemolithotrophic and
heterotrophic acidophiles possess genes for trehalose synthesis.
This is the first report to identify and quantify compatible
solutes in acidophilic bacteria that have important
roles in biomining technologies.
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