Journal of Microbiology

Journal Articles

Diversity and composition of microbiota during fermentation of traditional Nuodeng ham: Xiao-mei Zhang , Xi-jun Dang , Yuan-bing Wang , Tao Sun , Yao Wang , Hong Yu , Wu-song Yang; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(1):20-28. Published online December 23, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0219-4

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The microbial community is one of the most important factors in shaping the characteristics of fermented food. Nuodeng ham, traditionally produced and subjected to 1–4 years of fermentation, is a dry fermented food product with cultural and economic significance to locals in southwestern China. In this study, we aimed to characterize the microbiota and physicochemical profiles of Nuodeng ham across different stages of fermentation. Ham samples from each of the four years were analyzed by sequencing bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal internal transcribed spacer sequence, in order to characterize the diversity and composition of their microflora. A total of 2,679,483 bacterial and 2,983,234 fungal sequences of high quality were obtained and assigned to 514 and 57 genera, respectively. Among these microbes, Staphylococcus and Candida were the most abundant genera observed in the ham samples, though samples from different years showed differences in their microbial abundance. Results of physicochemical properties (pH, water, amino acid, NaCl, nitrate and nitrite contents, and the composition of volatile compounds) revealed differences among the ham samples in the composition of volatile compounds, especially in the third year samples, in which no nitrite was detected. These results suggest that the structure and diversity of microbial communities significantly differed across different stages of fermentation. Moreover, the third year hams exhibits a unique and balanced microbial community, which might contribute to the special flavor in the green and safe food products. Thus, our study lends insights into the production of high quality Nuodeng ham.

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Metabolite and microbial community composition of normal and sensory defect Nuodeng hams characterized based on metabolomics and high-throughput sequencing
Nannan Zhou, Yaying Zhao, Guiying Wang, Guanghui Chen, Zhijie Zheng, Ruwei Ren, Guozhou Liao
Food Chemistry.2025; 463: 141358. CrossRef
Insight into the Relationship between the Causes of Off-Odour and Microorganism Communities in Xuanwei Ham
Haoyi Wang, Xiaoyu Yin, Lu Zhang, Xuejiao Wang, Jiliang Zhang, Rongxin Wen, Jianxin Cao
Foods.2024; 13(5): 776. CrossRef
Study on the Changes and Correlation of Microorganisms and Flavor in Different Processing Stages of Mianning Ham
Yue Huang, Zhengli Wang, Ling Gan, Jiamin Zhang, Wei Wang, Lili Ji, Lin Chen
Foods.2024; 13(16): 2587. CrossRef
Revealing the correlation between small molecule metabolites, volatile compounds and microbial communities during the ripening of Xuanwei ham
Cong Li, Zhijie Zheng, Guiying Wang, Guanghui Chen, Nannan Zhou, Ruwei Ren, Qiongfang Yang, Wenxi Fu, Bo Li, Guozhou Liao
LWT.2024; 211: 116955. CrossRef
Changes in Physicochemical Characteristics and Microbial Diversity of Traditional Fermented Vinasse Hairtail
Yue Zhang, Chuanhai Tu, Huimin Lin, Yuwei Hu, Junqi Jia, Shanshan Shui, Jiaxing Wang, Yi Hu, Bin Zhang
Fermentation.2023; 9(2): 173. CrossRef
Recent developments in off-odor formation mechanism and the potential regulation by starter cultures in dry-cured ham
Changyu Zhou, Qiang Xia, Lihui Du, Jun He, Yangying Sun, Yali Dang, Fang Geng, Daodong Pan, Jinxuan Cao, Guanghong Zhou
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition.2023; 63(27): 8781. CrossRef
Role of microbiota and its ecological succession on flavor formation in traditional dry-cured ham: a review
Ping Li, Zhijie Bao, Yang Wang, Xinlian Su, Hui Zhou, Baocai Xu
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition.2023; : 1. CrossRef
Illumina-Based Analysis Yields New Insights Into the Fungal Contamination Associated With the Processed Products of Crataegi Fructus
Jingsheng Yu, Mengyue Guo, Wenjun Jiang, Yujie Dao, Xiaohui Pang
Frontiers in Nutrition.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of protein degradation and flavor compounds during the processing of Xuan'en ham
Rui Li, Cuizhu Geng, Zhemin Xiong, Yingying Cui, E Liao, Lijuan Peng, Weiping Jin, Haibin Wang
Journal of Food Science.2022; 87(8): 3366. CrossRef
Characterization and correlation of dominant bacteria and volatile compounds in post-fermentation process of Ba-bao Douchi
Yan-Zeng Zhang, Xiang-Na Lin, Yan-Qing Ji, Hong-Jun He, Hong-Zhuan Yang, Xiao-Juan Tang, Yun-Guo Liu
Food Research International.2022; 160: 111688. CrossRef
Microbial community composition and soil metabolism in the coexisting Cordyceps militaris and Ophiocordyceps highlandensis
Xiaorong Xu, Xiaomei Zhang, Zhipu Huang, Yuxiao Xu, Dexiang Tang, Bing Zhang, Ketao Zhang, Chaojin Liu, Hong Yu
Journal of Basic Microbiology.2022; 62(10): 1254. CrossRef
Metagenomic Analysis of Suansun, a Traditional Chinese Unsalted Fermented Food
Yaping Hu, Xiaodong Chen, Jie Zhou, Wenxuan Jing, Qirong Guo
Processes.2021; 9(9): 1669. CrossRef

Efficacy of A/H1N1/2009 split inactivated influenza A vaccine (GC1115) in mice and ferrets: Hae Jung Han , Min-Suk Song , Su-Jin Park , Han Yeul Byun , Norbert John C. Robles , Suk-Hoon Ha , Young Ki Choi; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(2):163-169. Published online January 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8504-1

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Abstract

To evaluate the efficacy of a non-adjuvant A/H1N1/2009 influenza A vaccine (GC1115), we demonstrated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of GC1115 in mouse and ferret models. The immunogenicity of GC1115 was confirmed after intramuscular administration of 1.875, 3.75, 7.5, and 15 μg hemagglutinin antigen (HA) in mice and 7.5, 15, and 30 μg HA in ferrets at 3-week intervals. A single immunization with GC1115 at HA doses > 7.5 μg induced detectable seroconversion in most mice, and all mice given a second dose exhibited high antibody responses in a dose-dependent manner. The mice in the mock (PBS) and 1.875 μg HA immunized groups succumbed by 13 days following A/California/ 04/09 infection, while all mice in groups given more than 3.75 μg HA were protected from lethal challenge with the A/California/04/09 virus. In ferrets, although immunization with even a single dose of 15 or 30 μg of HA induced detectable HI antibodies, all ferrets given two doses of vaccine seroconverted and exhibited HI titers greater than 80 units. Following challenge with A/California/04/09, the mock (PBS) immunized ferrets showed influenza-like clinical symptoms, such as increased numbers of coughs, elevated body temperature, and body weight loss, for 7 days, while GC1115- immunized ferrets showed attenuated clinical symptoms only for short time period (3–4 days). Further, GC1115-immunized ferrets displayed significantly lower viral titers in the upper respiratory tract (nasal cavity) than the mock vaccinated group in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, this study demonstrates the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of GC1115 as a non-adjuvanted vaccine.

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Dose sparing enabled by immunization with influenza vaccine using orally dissolving film
Keon-Woong Yoon, Ki Back Chu, Gi-Deok Eom, Jie Mao, Su In Heo, Fu-Shi Quan
International Journal of Pharmaceutics.2024; 667: 124945. CrossRef
Ferrets as a model for tuberculosis transmission
Tuhina Gupta, Naveen Somanna, Thomas Rowe, Monica LaGatta, Shelly Helms, Simon Odera Owino, Tomislav Jelesijevic, Stephen Harvey, Wayne Jacobs, Thomas Voss, Kaori Sakamoto, Cheryl Day, Christopher Whalen, Russell Karls, Biao He, S. Mark Tompkins, Abhijeet
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
AddaVax Formulated with PolyI:C as a Potential Adjuvant of MDCK-based Influenza Vaccine Enhances Local, Cellular, and Antibody Protective Immune Response in Mice
Xuanxuan Nian, Jiayou Zhang, Tao Deng, Jing Liu, Zheng Gong, Chuanshuo Lv, Luyao Yao, Junying Li, Shihe Huang, Xiaoming Yang
AAPS PharmSciTech.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
The Intersection of Age and Influenza Severity: Utility of Ferrets for Dissecting the Age-Dependent Immune Responses and Relevance to Age-Specific Vaccine Development
Melissa Rioux, Magen E. Francis, Cynthia L. Swan, Anni Ge, Andrea Kroeker, Alyson A. Kelvin
Viruses.2021; 13(4): 678. CrossRef

Review

MINIREVIEW] Advances in novel influenza vaccines: a patent review: Jae-Min Song; J. Microbiol. 2016;54(6):403-412. Published online May 27, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-6176-7

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Abstract

The threat of a major human influenza pandemic such as the avian H5N1 or the 2009 new H1N1 has emphasized the need for effective prevention strategies to combat these pathogens. Although egg based influenza vaccines have been well established for a long time, it remains an ongoing public health need to develop alternative production methods that ensures improved safety, efficacy, and ease of administration compared with conventional influenza vaccines. This article is intended to cover some of the recent advances and related patents on the development of influenza vaccines including live attenuated, cell based, genomic and synthetic peptide vaccines.

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Plant-made virus-like particles bearing influenza hemagglutinin (HA) recapitulate early interactions of native influenza virions with human monocytes/macrophages
Alexander I. Makarkov, Sabrina Chierzi, Stéphane Pillet, Keith K. Murai, Nathalie Landry, Brian J. Ward
Vaccine.2017; 35(35): 4629. CrossRef

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts

Immunological charaterization of monoclonal antibodies used in rapid influenza diagnostic test for detection of the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection: Hwajung Yi , Mi-Seon Lee , Joo-Yeon Lee , Hae Kyung Lee , Chun Kang; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(2):166-175. Published online January 28, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-4642-2

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Abstract

Since the 2009 pandemic, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDT) have been developed for specific diagnostics of pandemic viral infection. Most of the mAbs were poorly characterized because of urgency during the pandemic. Further characterization of the mAbs for RIDTs would be beneficial for understanding the immunological properties of the pandemic virus and utilizing the mAbs for other research purposes. In this study, it was confirmed that two mAbs (I38 and D383) in an RIDT for H1N1pdm09 diagnostics were able to detect H1N1pdm09 virus through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Also, the two mAbs exhibited reactivity to hemagglutinins (HAs) of both the H1N1pdm09 and 1918 H1N1 viruses; therefore, the RIDT using the mAbs could detect HAs of H1N1pdm09 and also HAs of 1918 H1N1-like strains. In an extension to our previous study, the epitopes (Sa antigenic site and the interface area of F?and vestigial esterase subdomains on the HA1 domain of HA of H1N1pdm09) recognized by the mAbs were corroborated in depth by IFA with escape-mutants from the mAbs and mapping of the epitopes on the crystal structure of human H1N1 viral HAs. Collectively, these results imply that the mAbs for the RIDT may be suitable for use in studying the immunological properties of H1N1pdm09 viruses and that the Sa antigenic site and the interface area between F?and vestigial esterase subdomains on influenza viral HA recognized by the mAbs are immunologically conserved regions between H1N1pdm09 and 1918 H1N1.

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Antigenic diversity of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of clade 2.3.4.4 isolated in Asia
Ayako Ohkawara, Masatoshi Okamatsu, Makoto Ozawa, Duc‐Huy Chu, Lam Thanh Nguyen, Takahiro Hiono, Keita Matsuno, Hiroshi Kida, Yoshihiro Sakoda
Microbiology and Immunology.2017; 61(5): 149. CrossRef

Preliminary Study about Sublingual Administration of Bacteria-expressed Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Vaccine in Miniature Pigs: Hyekwon Kim , Jeong-Ki Kim , Hohyun Song , Jungah Choi , Byoungshik Shim , Bokyu Kang , Hyoungjoon Moon , Minjoo Yeom , Sang-Hyun Kim , Daesub Song , Manki Song; J. Microbiol. 2014;52(9):794-800. Published online July 30, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-4289-4

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Abstract

Sublingual (SL) administration of influenza vaccine would be non-invasive and effective way to give human populations protective immunity against the virus, especially when pandemic influenza outbreaks. In this study, the efficacy of pandemic influenza virus-based subunit vaccines was tested after sublingual (SL) adjuvant administration in pigs. Eight specific pathogen-free Yucatan pigs were divided into 4 groups: nonvaccinated but challenged (A) and vaccinated and challenged (B, C, and D). The vaccinated groups were subdivided by vaccine type and inoculation route: SL subunit vaccine (hemagglutinin antigen 1 [HA1] + wild-type cholera toxin [wtCT], B); IM subunit vaccine (HA1 + aluminum hydroxide, C); and IM inactivated vaccine (+ aluminum hydroxide, D). The vaccines were administered twice at a 2-week interval. All pigs were challenged with pandemic influenza virus (A/swine/ GCVP-KS01/2009 [H1N1]) and monitored for clinical signs, serology, viral shedding, and histopathology. After vaccination, hemagglutination inhibition titre was higher in group D (320) than in the other vaccinated groups (40–80) at the time of challenge. The mobility and feed intake were reduced in group C. Both viral shedding and histopathological lesions were reduced in groups B and D. Although this study has limitation due to the limited number of pigs (2 pigs per a group), the preliminary data in this study provided the protective potential of SL administration of bacteria-expressed pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccine in pigs. There should be additional animal studies about effective adjuvant system and vaccine types for the use of SL influenza vaccination.

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Oral mucosa immunity: ultimate strategy to stop spreading of pandemic viruses
Hyesun Jang, Michele Matsuoka, Marcelo Freire
Frontiers in Immunology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Pathological Evaluation of Porcine Circovirus 2d (PCV2d) Strain and Comparative Evaluation of PCV2d and PCV2b Inactivated Vaccines against PCV2d Infection in a Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) Yucatan Miniature Pig Model
Yun-Hee Noh, Seung-Chai Kim, Chang-Gi Jeong, Seung-Chul Lee, Dong-Uk Lee, In-Joong Yoon, Won-Il Kim
Vaccines.2022; 10(9): 1469. CrossRef
La vacuna sublingual de la gripe
J. Reina
Vacunas.2019; 20(1): 37. CrossRef
The sublingual influenza vaccine
J. Reina
Vacunas (English Edition).2019; 20(1): 37. CrossRef
Experimental miniature piglet model for the infection of human norovirus GII
Dong Joo Seo, Day Jung, Soontag Jung, Seung‐Kwon Ha, Sang‐Do Ha, In‐Soo Choi, Jinjong Myoung, Changsun Choi
Journal of Medical Virology.2018; 90(4): 655. CrossRef

Sublingual Administration of Bacteria-Expressed Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin 1 (HA1) Induces Protection against Infection with 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus: Byoung-Shik Shim , Jung-ah Choi , Ho-Hyun Song , Sung-Moo Park , In Su Cheon , Ji-Eun Jang , Sun Je Woo , Chung Hwan Cho , Min-Suk Song , Hyemi Kim , Kyung Joo Song , Jae Myun Lee , Suhng Wook Kim , Dae Sub Song , Young Ki Choi , Jae-Ouk Kim , Huan Huu Nguyen , Dong Wook Kim , Young Yil Bahk , Cheol-Heui Yun , Man Ki Song; J. Microbiol. 2013;51(1):130-135. Published online March 2, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-013-2399-z

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Abstract: Influenza viruses are respiratory pathogens that continue to pose a significantly high risk of morbidity and mortality of humans worldwide. Vaccination is one of the most effective strategies for minimizing damages by influenza outbreaks. In addition, rapid development and production of efficient vaccine with convenient administration is required in case of influenza pandemic. In this study, we generated recombinant influenza virus hemagglutinin protein 1 (sHA1) of 2009 pandemic influenza virus as a vaccine candidate using a wellestablished bacterial expression system and administered it into mice via sublingual (s.l.) route. We found that s.l. immunization with the recombinant sHA1 plus cholera toxin (CT) induced mucosal antibodies as well as systemic antibodies including neutralizing Abs and provided complete protection against infection with pandemic influenza virus A/CA/04/09 (H1N1) in mice. Indeed, the protection efficacy was comparable with that induced by intramuscular (i.m.) immunization route utilized as general administration route of influenza vaccine. These results suggest that s.l. vaccination with the recombinant non-glycosylated HA1 protein offers an alternative strategy to control influenza outbreaks including pandemics.

Replication and Pathogenesis of the Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza Virus in Mammalian Models: Donghyok Kwon , Kyeongcheol Shin , Seungtae Kim , Yooncheol Ha , Jang-Hoon Choi , Jeong Seon Yang , Joo-Yeon Lee , Chanhee Chae , Hee-Bok Oh , Chun Kang; J. Microbiol. 2010;48(5):657-662. Published online November 3, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-010-0120-z

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Abstract: This study aimed to characterize the replication and pathogenic properties of a Korean pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus isolate in ferrets and mice. Ferrets infected with A/Korea/01/2009 (H1N1) virus showed mild clinical signs. The virus replicated well in lungs and slightly in brains with no replication in any other organs. Severe bronchopneumonia and thickening of alveolar walls were detected in the lungs. Viral antigens were detected in the bronchiolar epithelial cells, in peribronchial glands with severe peribronchitis and in cells present in the alveoli. A/Korea/01/2009 (H1N1) virus-infected mice showed weight loss and pathological lung lesions including perivascular cuffing, interstitial pneumonia and alveolitis. The virus replicated highly in the lungs and slightly in the nasal tissues. Viral antigens were detected in bronchiolar epithelial cells, pneumocytes and interstitial macrophages. However, seasonal H1N1 influenza virus did not replicate in the lungs of ferrets, and viral antigens were not detected. Thus, this Korean pandemic (H1N1) 2009 isolate infected the lungs of ferrets and mice successfully and caused more pathological lesions than did the seasonal influenza virus.

Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Pre-pandemic H5N1 Vaccine (MG1109) in Mouse and Ferret Models: Min-Suk Song , Ho-Jin Moon , Hyeok-il Kwon , Philippe Noriel Q. Pascua , Jun Han Lee , Yun Hee Baek , Kyu-Jin Woo , Juhee Choi , Sangho Lee , Hyunseung Yoo , In gyeong Oh , Yeup Yoon , Jong-Bok Rho , Moon-Hee Sung , Seung-Pyo Hong , Chul-Joong Kim , Young Ki Choi; J. Microbiol. 2012;50(3):487-488.

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Abstract: The threat of a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus causing the next pandemic remains a major concern. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity and efficacy of an inactivated whole-virus H5N1 pre-pandemic vaccine (MG1109) formulated by Green Cross Co., Ltd containing the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of the clade 1 A/Vietnam/1194/04 virus in the backbone of A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (RgVietNam/04xPR8/34). Administration of the MG1109 vaccine (2-doses) in mice and ferrets elicited high HI and SN titers in a dose-dependent manner against the homologous (RgVietNam/04xPR8/34) and various heterologous H5N1 strains, (RgKor/W149/06xPR8/34, RgCambodia/04xPR8/34, RgGuangxi/05xPR8/34), including a heterosubtypic H5N2 (A/Aquatic bird/orea/W81/05) virus. However, efficient cross-reactivity was not observed against heterosubtypic H9N2 (A/Ck/Korea/H0802/08) and H1N1 (PR/8/34) viruses. Mice immunized with 1.9 μg HA/dose of MG1109 were completely protected from lethal challenge with heterologous wild-type HPAI H5N1 A/EM/Korea/W149/06 (clade 2.2) and mouse-adapted H5N2 viruses. Furthermore, ferrets administered at least 3.8 μg HA/dose efficiently suppressed virus growth in the upper respiratory tract and lungs. Vaccinated mice and ferrets also demonstrated attenuation of clinical disease signs and limited virus spread to other organs. Thus, this vaccine provided immunogenic responses in mouse and ferret models even against challenge with heterologous HPAI H5N1 and H5N2 viruses. Since the specific strain of HPAI H5N1 virus that would potentially cause the next outbreak is unknown, pre-pandemic vaccine preparation that could provide crossprotection against various H5 strains could be a useful approach in the selection of promising candidate vaccines in the future.

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