Journal of Microbiology

Journal Article

Rotavirus-mediated alteration of gut microbiota and its correlation with physiological characteristics in neonatal calves: Ja-Young Jang , Suhee Kim , Min-Sung Kwon , Jieun Lee , Do-Hyeon Yu , Ru-Hui Song , Hak-Jong Choi , Jinho Park; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(2):113-121. Published online November 19, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8549-1

15 View
0 Download
34 Citations

Abstract: Diarrhea is a fatal disease to neonatal calves, and rotavirus is the main pathogen associated with neonatal calf diarrhea. Although previous studies have reported that the gut microbiota is changed in calves during diarrhea, less is known about whether rotavirus infection alters the structure of the gut microbiota. Here, we characterized fecal microbial communities and identified possible relationships between the gut microbiota profiles and physiological parameters. Five fecal specimens of rotavirus-infected calves from 1 to 30 days after birth and five fecal specimens of age-matched healthy calves were used for the microbial community analysis using the Illumina MiSeq sequencer. Rotavirus infection was associated with reduced rotavirus infection significantly reduced the richness and diversity of the bacterial community. Weighted unique fraction metric analysis exhibited significant differences in community membership and structure between healthy and rotavirus-infected calves. Based on relative abundance analysis and linear discriminant analysis effect size, we found that the representative genera from Lactobacillus, Subdoligranulum, Blautia, and Bacteroides were closely related to healthy calves, while the genera Escherichia and Clostridium were closely affiliated to rotavirus-infected calves. Furthermore, canonical correlation analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient results revealed that the increased relative abundances of Lactobacillus, Subdoligranulum, and Bacteroides were correlated with normal levels of physiological characteristics such as white blood cells, blood urea nitrogen, serum amyloid protein A, and glucose concentration in serum. These
results
suggest that rotavirus infection alters the structure of the gut microbiota, correlating changes in physiological

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts

Studies on seasonal dynamics of soil-higher fungal communities in Mongolian oak-dominant Gwangneung forest in Korea: Chang Sun Kim , Jong Woo Nam , Jong Won Jo , Sang-Yong Kim , Jae-Gu Han , Min Woo Hyun , Gi-Ho Sung , Sang-Kuk Han; J. Microbiol. 2016;54(1):14-22. Published online January 5, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-5521-1

14 View
0 Download
13 Citations

Abstract: We surveyed macrofungi biweekly at defined plots from April to December in 2014, in the Mongolian oak-dominant forest, Gwangneung Forest, Pochen-si, Korea, and analyzed a soilhigher fungal diversity during four seasons (represented by April, August, October, and December). Based on morphological observation of collected specimens, the collected macrofungi were classified into 2 phyla 3 classes 7 orders, 14 families, 21 genera, and 33 species (36 specimens). DNA-based community analyses indicated that soil-higher fungi were classified into 2 phyla, 18 classes, 49 orders, 101 families, and 155 genera (83,360 sequence reads), defined herein as 155 genus-level operational taxonomic units (GOTUs). In the present study, we evaluated and discussed the fungal diversity in seasonal dynamics and soil layers based on collected macrofungi and pyrosequencing data while considering environmental parameters (pH, exchangeable K, T-P, NH4+, NO3-, OM, WR, TOC, and T-N). Moreover, principal components analysis (PCA) showed distinct clusters of the GOTU assemblage associated with the seasons.

Seasonal Abundance and Distribution of Vibrio Species in the Treated Effluents of Wastewater Treatment Facilities in Suburban and Urban Communities of Eastern Cape Province, South Africa: Etinosa O. Igbinosa , Chikwelu L. Obi , Anthony I. Okoh; J. Microbiol. 2011;49(2):224-232. Published online May 3, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-0227-x

18 View
0 Download
20 Citations

Abstract: We assessed the seasonal abundance and distribution of Vibrio species as well as some selected environmental parameters in the treated effluents of two wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), one each located in a suburban and urban community of Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Vibrio population density ranged from 2.1×101 to 4.36×104 CFU/ml in the suburban community and from 2.80×101 to 1.80×105 CFU/ml in the urban community. Vibrio species associated with 180 μm, 60 μm, and 20 μm plankton sizes were observed at densities of 0-1.36×103 CFU/ml, 0-8.40×102 CFU/ml, and 0-6.80×102 CFU/ml, respectively at the suburban community’s WWTP. In the urban community, observed densities of culturable Vibrio were 0-2.80×102 CFU/ml (180 μm), 0-6.60×102 CFU/ml (60 μm), and 0-1.80×103 CFU/ml (20 μm). The abundance of free-living Vibrio species ranged from 0 to 1.0×102 and 1.0×103 CFU/ml in the suburban and urban communities’ WWTPs, respectively. Molecular confirmation of the presumptive Vibrio isolates revealed the presence of V. fluvialis (41.38%), V. vulnificus (34.48%), and V. parahaemolyticus (24.14%) in the suburban community effluents. In the urban community molecular confirmation revealed that the same species were present at slightly different percentages, V. fluvialis (40%), V. vulnificus (36%), and V. parahaemolyticus (24%). There was no significant correlation between Vibrio abundance and season, either as free-living or planktonassociated entities, but Vibrio species abundance was positively correlated with temperature (r=0.565; p<0.01), salinity, and dissolved oxygen (p<0.05). Turbidity and pH showed significant seasonal variation (p<0.05) across the seasons in both locations. This study underscores the potential of WWTPs to be sources of Vibrio pathogens in the watershed of suburban and urban communities in South Africa.

The Ecology of Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio cholerae, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in North Carolina Estuaries: Karen Dyer Blackwell , James D. Oliver; J. Microbiol. 2008;46(2):146-153. Published online June 11, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-007-0216-2

15 View
0 Download
110 Citations

Abstract: While numerous studies have characterized the distribution and/or ecology of various pathogenic Vibrio spp., here we have simultaneously examined several estuarine sites for Vibrio vulnificus, V. cholerae, and V. parahaemolyticus. For a one year period, waters and sediment were monitored for the presence of these <br>three pathogens at six different sites on the east coast of North Carolina in the United States. All three pathogens, identified using colony hybridization and PCR methods, occurred in these estuarine environments, although V. cholerae occurred only infrequently and at very low levels. Seventeen chemical, physical, and biological parameters were investigated, including salinity, water temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, levels of various inorganic nutrients and dissolved organic carbon, as well as total vibrios, total coliforms, and E. coli. We found each of the Vibrio spp. in water and sediment to correlate to several of these environmental measurements, with water temperature and total Vibrio levels correlating highly (P<0.0001) with occurrence of the three pathogens. Thus, these two parameters may represent simple assays for characterizing the potential public health hazard of estuarine waters.

Reflection on Kinetic Models to the Chlorine Disinfection for Drinking Water Production: Yoon-jin Lee , Sang-ho Nam; J. Microbiol. 2002;40(2):119-124.

18 View
0 Download

Abstract: Experiments for the characterization of inactivation were performed in a series of batch processes with the total coliform used as a general indicator organism based on the chlorine residuals as a disinfectant. The water samples were taken from the outlet of a settling basin in a conventional surface water treatment system that is provided with the raw water drawn from the mid-stream of the Han River. The inactivation of total coliform was experimentally analyzed for the dose of disinfectant, contact time, filtration and mixing intensity. The curves obtained from a series of batch processes were shaped with a general tailing-off and biphasic mode of inactivation, i.e. a sharp loss of bacterial viability within 15 min followed by an extended phase. In order to observe the effect of carry-over suspended solids on chlorine consumption and disinfection efficiency, the water samples were filtered, prior to inoculation with coliforms, with membranes of both 2.5 um and 11.0 um pore size, and with a sand filter of 1.0 mm in effective size and of 1.4 in uniformity coefficient. As far as the disinfection efficiency is concerned, there were no significant differences. The parameters estimated by the models of Chick-Watson, Hom and Selleck from our experimental data obtained within 120 min are: log(N/N_0 )=-0.16CT with n=1, log(N/N_0 )=-0.71C^0.87 T with n=/1 for the Chick-Watson model, log (N/N_0 )=-1.87C^0.47 T^ 0.36 for the Hom model, log (N/N_0 )=-2.13log (1+CT/0.11) for the Selleck model. It is notable that among the models reviewed with regard to the experimental data obtained, the Selleck model appeared to most closely resemble the total coliform survival curve.

First
Prev
Page of 1
Next
Last

Search