Journal of Microbiology

Journal Article

In vitro disinfection efficacy and clinical protective effects of common disinfectants against acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND)-causing Vibrio isolates in Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei: Peizhuo Zou , Qian Yang , Hailiang Wang , Guosi Xie , Zhi Cao , Xing Chen , Wen Gao , Jie Huang; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(8):675-686. Published online July 27, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9537-1

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Abstract: Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is one of the most significant bacterial diseases in global shrimp culture, causing severe economic losses. In the present study, we carried out in vitro antimicrobial tests to investigate the disinfection efficacy of 14 common disinfectants toward different AHPND-causing Vibrio spp., including eight isolates of V. parahaemolyticus, four isolates of V. campbellii, and one isolate of V. owensii. Polyhexamethylene biguanidine hydrochloride (PHMB) was revealed to possess the strongest inhibitory activity. Through analyzing and evaluating the results of antimicrobial tests and acute toxicity test, we selected PHMB and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for further clinical protection test. Clinical manifestations indicated that both PHMB (2 mg/L and 4 mg/L) and H2O2 (12 mg/L) could effectively protect juvenile Penaeus vannamei from the infection of V. parahaemolyticus isolate Vp362 at 106 CFU/ml, and the survival rate was over 80%. When the bacterial concentration was reduced to 105 CFU/ml, 104 CFU/ml, and 103 CFU/ml, the survival rate after treated by 1 mg/L PHMB was 64.44%, 93.33%, and 100%, respectively. According to the results, PHMB and H2O2 showed a lower toxicity while a better protection activity, particularly against a lower concentration of the pathogens. Therefore, these two disinfectants are proved to be promising disinfectants that can be applied to prevent and control AHPND in shrimp culture. Moreover, the methods of this study also provided valuable information for the prevention of other important bacterial diseases and suggested a reliable means for screening potential drugs in aquaculture.

Editorial

EDITORIAL] Perspectives towards antibiotic resistance: from molecules to population: Joon-Hee Lee; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(3):181-184.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-0718-8

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Abstract: For a long time, antibiotics have been ‘magical weapons’ to combat pathogenic microbes. The success of antibiotics is now greatly threatened by resistance to antibiotics and many scientists have already talked about the coming of the postantibiotic era. This special issue is prepared to understand recent research findings and new concepts about antibiotic resistance. Above all, this special issue explores mechanisms for the generation, selection, and spread of antibiotic resistance, and gives insight into what to target to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance. Just as antibiotics came from the concept of “magic bullet”, a breakthrough will come from a new concept based on a profound understanding of antibiotic resistance.

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