Journal of Microbiology

Journal Articles

Gene deletion and constitutive expression of the pectate lyase gene 1 (MoPL1) lead to diminished virulence of Magnaporthe oryzae: Alex Wegner , Florencia Casanova , Marco Loehrer , Angelina Jordine , Stefan Bohnert , Xinyu Liu , Zhengguang Zhang , Ulrich Schaffrath; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(1):79-88. Published online December 29, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1074-7

Abstract: Phytopathogenic fungi are known to secrete specific proteins which act as virulence factors and promote host colonization. Some of them are enzymes with plant cell wall degradation capability, like pectate lyases (Pls). In this work, we examined the involvement of Pls in the infection process of Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of rice blast disease. From three Plgenes annotated in the M. oryzae genome, only transcripts of MoPL1 considerably accumulated during the infection process with a peak at 72 h post inoculation. Both, gene deletion and a constitutive expression of MoPL1 in M. oryzae led to a significant reduction in virulence. By contrast, mutants that constitutively expressed an enzymatic inactive version of MoPl1 did not differ in virulence compared to the wild type isolate. This indicates that the enzymatic activity of MoPl1 is responsible for diminished virulence, which is presumably due to degradation products recognized as danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which strengthen the plant immune response. Microscopic analysis of infection sites pointed to an increased plant defense response. Additionally, MoPl1 tagged with mRFP, and not the enzymatic inactive version, focally accumulated in attacked plant cells beneath appressoria and at sites where fungal hyphae transverse from one to another cell. These findings shed new light on the role of pectate lyases during tissue colonization in the necrotrophic stage of M. oryzae's life cycle.

Mutants defective in the production of encapsulin show a tan-phaselocked phenotype in Myxococcus xanthus: Dohee Kim , Juo Choi , Sunjin Lee , Hyesook Hyun , Kyoung Lee , Kyungyun Cho; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(9):795-802. Published online June 11, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8683-9

Abstract: Myxococcus xanthus, a myxobacterium, displays phase variation between yellow phase and tan phase. We found that deletion of the encA gene encoding encapsulin and the encF gene encoding a metalloprotease causes formation of tan colonies that never transform into yellow colonies. The encA and encF mutants were defective in the production of DKxanthene and myxovirescin. They did not produce extracellular polysaccharides; hence, the cells did not aggregate in liquid and showed reduced swarming on agar plates. The mutants had defective sporulation, but were rescued extracellularly by wild type cells. All these traits indicate that the encA and encF mutants are likely to be tan-phase-locked, and encapsulin has a close relationship with phase variation in M. xanthus. The encA and encF genes are localized in the same gene cluster, encBAEFG (MXAN_3557~MXAN_3553). Unlike the encA and encF genes, deletion of other genes in the cluster did not show tan-phase-locked phenotype.

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