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Adaptation of Pseudomonas helmanticensis to fat hydrolysates and SDS: fatty acid response and aggregate formation
Ilya N. Zubkov , Anatoly P. Nepomnyshchiy , Vadim D. Kondratyev , Pavel N. Sorokoumov , Konstantin V. Sivak , Edward S. Ramsay , Sergey M. Shishlyannikov
J. Microbiol. 2021;59(12):1104-1111.   Published online October 26, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-1214-5
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  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract
An essential part of designing any biotechnological process is examination of the physiological state of producer cells in different phases of cultivation. The main marker of a bacterial cell’s state is its fatty acid (FA) profile, reflecting membrane lipid composition. Consideration of FA composition enables assessment of bacterial responses to cultivation conditions and helps biotechnologists understand the most significant factors impacting cellular metabolism. In this work, soil SDS-degrading Pseudomonas helmanticensis was studied at the fatty acid profile level, including analysis of rearrangement between planktonic and aggregated forms. The set of substrates included fat hydrolysates, SDS, and their mixtures with glucose. Such media are useful in bioplastic production since they can help incrementally lower overall costs. Conventional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for FA analysis. Acridine orange-stained aggregates were observed by epifluorescence microscopy. The bacterium was shown to change fatty acid composition in the presence of hydrolyzed fats or SDS. These changes seem to be driven by the depletion of metabolizable substrates in the culture medium. Cell aggregation has also been found to be a defense strategy, particularly with anionic surfactant (SDS) exposure. It was shown that simple fluidity indices (such as saturated/ unsaturated FA ratios) do not always sufficiently characterize a cell's physiological state, and morphological examination is essential in cases where complex carbon sources are used.

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  • Effect of different diet composition on the fat profile of two different black soldier fly larvae populations
    M. Tognocchi, L. Abenaim, C. Adamaki-Sotiraki, G.C. Athanassiou, I.C. Rumbos, M. Mele, B. Conti, G. Conte
    animal.2024; 18(7): 101205.     CrossRef
  • Earth to Mars: A Protocol for Characterizing Permafrost in the Context of Climate Change as an Analog for Extraplanetary Exploration
    Kimberley R. Miner, Joseph Razzell Hollis, Charles E. Miller, Kyle Uckert, Thomas A. Douglas, Emily Cardarelli, Rachel Mackelprang
    Astrobiology.2023; 23(9): 1006.     CrossRef
  • Preparation of polyhydroxyalkanoates using Pseudomonas helmanticensis in non-sterile media containing glycerol and sodium dodecyl sulfate
    I. N. Zubkov, Yu. S. Bukin, P. N. Sorokoumov, S. M. Shishlyannikov
    Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology.2022; 12(3): 479.     CrossRef
Streptomyces sp. strain SK68, isolated from peanut rhizosphere, promotes growth and alleviates salt stress in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom)
Karthiyaini Damodharan , Sasikumar Arunachalam Palaniyandi , Bao Le , Joo-Won Suh , Seung Hwan Yang
J. Microbiol. 2018;56(10):753-759.   Published online September 28, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-8120-5
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AbstractAbstract
A novel actinobacterium, strain SK68, was isolated from the rhizosphere of peanut plant and its salinity stress alleviation ability was studied using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom) plants. Based on 16S rDNA based phylogenetic analysis, strain SK68 has been identified as a Streptomyces sp. Strain SK68 had branched substrate mycelium bearing smooth surfaced spores and the spore colour is brownish grey on ISP4 medium. It exhibited enzyme activities such as xylanase, cellulase, amylase, and pectinase and degraded hypoxanthine, casein, and L-tyrosine. The strain SK68 differed in its banding pattern in BOX-PCR and RAPD fingerprinting compared to the closely matching type strains Streptomyces erythrochromogenes NBRC 3304T (AB184746), S. flavotricini NBRC 12770T (AB184132), S. racemochromogenes NBRC 12906T (AB184235), and S. polychromogenes NBRC 13072T (NR041109). Strain SK68 was evaluated for its salinity stress-alleviating activity in tomato plants with 180 mmol/L NaCl under gnotobiotic condition. A significant increase in plant biomass was observed in strain SK68-inoculated tomato plants under salt stress compared to control and salt-stressed non-inoculated plants.

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  • Alleviation of drought stress in tomato by foliar application of seafood waste extract
    Imen Ben Sedrine, Sirine Werghi, Afifa Hachef, Ahlem Maalaoui, Rahma Zarkouna, Samah Akriche, Hedia Hannachi, Salwa Zehdi, Hatem Fakhfakh, Faten Gorsane
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effects of the promoting bacterium on growth of plant under cadmium stress
    Deng Yang, Mingbo Zuo, Yueli Chen, Yuan Liu, Yueqing He, Haoming Wang, Xiaoxiao Liu, Jing Xu, Minjuan Zhao, Yuanyuan Shen, Ying Liu, Gao Tianpeng
    International Journal of Phytoremediation.2024; 26(3): 339.     CrossRef
  • ACC deaminase producing PGPR modulates nutrients uptake, soil properties and growth of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) under deficit irrigation
    Ritika Jain, Meenu Saraf
    Biologia.2023; 78(9): 2303.     CrossRef
  • In-silico analysis of atmospheric diffusion, crop planting degrading scheme, and health risk of dioxins from a domestic waste incineration plant
    Qing Li, Xixi Li, Zhixing Ren, Meijn Du, Jiawen Yang, Luze Yang, Wei He, Hao Yang, Yuanyuan Zhao, Wenwen Gu, Wei Liu, Wenjin Zhao, Yu Li
    Waste Management.2023; 160: 59.     CrossRef
  • Using Streptomyces spp. as plant growth promoters and biocontrol agents
    Mateus Torres Nazari, Vera Analise Schommer, Julia Catiane Arenhart Braun, Lara Franco dos Santos, Samuel Teixeira Lopes, Viviane Simon, Bruna Strieder Machado, Valdecir Ferrari, Luciane Maria Colla, Jeferson Steffanello Piccin
    Rhizosphere.2023; 27: 100741.     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness of Phosphate and Zinc Solubilizing Paenarthrobacter nitroguajacolicus P1 as Halotolerant Rhizobacterium with Growth-Promoting Activity on Pistacia vera L
    Fatemeh Salimi, Mehdi Khorshidi, Fateme Amirahmadi, Atefe Amirahmadi
    Current Microbiology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Comprehensive effects of salt stress and peanut cultivars on the rhizosphere bacterial community diversity of peanut
    Yang Xu, Zhimeng Zhang, Hong Ding, Saiqun Wen, Guanchu Zhang, Feifei Qin, Liangxiang Dai
    Archives of Microbiology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The synergy effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis and exogenous calcium on bacterial community composition and growth performance of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in saline alkali soil
    Dunwei Ci, Zhaohui Tang, Hong Ding, Li Cui, Guanchu Zhang, Shangxia Li, Liangxiang Dai, Feifei Qin, Zhimeng Zhang, Jishun Yang, Yang Xu
    Journal of Microbiology.2021; 59(1): 51.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of Salinity on the Anatomy and Gene Expression Patterns in Leaflets of Tomato cv. Micro-Tom
    Jonas Hoffmann, Roberto Berni, Flavia Maria Sutera, Annelie Gutsch, Jean-Francois Hausman, Suzanne Saffie-Siebert, Gea Guerriero
    Genes.2021; 12(8): 1165.     CrossRef
  • Study of the effects of mineral salts on the biofilm formation on polypropylene fibers using three quantification methods
    Lukáš Bystrianský, Martina Hujslová, Milan Gryndler
    Folia Microbiologica.2021; 66(1): 133.     CrossRef
  • A Review on the Beneficial Role of Silicon against Salinity in Non-Accumulator Crops: Tomato as a Model
    Jonas Hoffmann, Roberto Berni, Jean-Francois Hausman, Gea Guerriero
    Biomolecules.2020; 10(9): 1284.     CrossRef
  • Influence of salt stress on the rhizosphere soil bacterial community structure and growth performance of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
    Yang Xu, Guanchu Zhang, Hong Ding, Dunwei Ci, Liangxiang Dai, Zhimeng Zhang
    International Microbiology.2020; 23(3): 453.     CrossRef
  • Effects of PGPR microbial inoculants on the growth and soil properties of Avena sativa, Medicago sativa, and Cucumis sativus seedlings
    Haiyun Li, Yizhi Qiu, Tuo Yao, Yachun Ma, Huirong Zhang, Xiaolei Yang
    Soil and Tillage Research.2020; 199: 104577.     CrossRef
  • Enhancement of growth and salt tolerance of tomato seedlings by a natural halotolerant actinobacterium Glutamicibacter halophytocola KLBMP 5180 isolated from a coastal halophyte
    You-Wei Xiong, Yuan Gong, Xue-Wei Li, Pan Chen, Xiu-Yun Ju, Chun-Mei Zhang, Bo Yuan, Zuo-Peng Lv, Ke Xing, Sheng Qin
    Plant and Soil.2019; 445(1-2): 307.     CrossRef
Metabolism-mediated induction of zinc tolerance in Brassica rapa by Burkholderia cepacia CS2-1
Sang-Mo Kang , Raheem Shahzad , Saqib Bilal , Abdul Latif Khan , Young-Hyun You , Won-Hee Lee , Hee-La Ryu , Ko-Eun Lee , In-Jung Lee
J. Microbiol. 2017;55(12):955-965.   Published online December 7, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-017-7305-7
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AbstractAbstract
Brassica rapa (Chinese cabbage) is an essential component of traditional Korean food. However, the crop is often subject to zinc (Zn+) toxicity from contaminated irrigation water, which, as a result, compromises plant growth and production, as well as the health of human consumers. The present study investigated the bioaccumulation of Zn+ by Burkholderia cepacia CS2-1 and its effect on the heavy metal tolerance of Chinese cabbage. Strain CS2-1 was identified and characterized on the basis of 16S rRNA sequences and phylogenetic analysis. The strain actively produced indole-3-acetic acid (3.08 ± 0.21 μg/ml) and was also able to produce siderophore, solubilize minerals, and tolerate various concentrations of Zn+. The heavy metal tolerance of B. rapa plants was enhanced by CS2-1 inoculation, as indicated by growth attributes, Zn+ uptake, amino acid synthesis, antioxidant levels, and endogenous hormone (ABA and SA) synthesis. Without inoculation, the application of Zn+ negatively affected the growth and physiology of B. rapa plants. However, CS2-1 inoculation improved plant growth, lowered Zn+ uptake, altered both amino acid regulation and levels of flavonoids and phenolics, and significantly decreased levels of superoxide dismutase, endogenous abscisic acid, and salicylic acid. These findings indicate that B. cepacia CS2-1 is suitable for bioremediation against Zn+-induced oxidative stress.

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  • Assessing the health of climate-sensitive trees in a subalpine ecosystem through microbial community dynamics
    Bo Ram Kang, Soo Bin Kim, Jin-Kyung Hong, Seok Hyun Ahn, Jinwon Kim, Nayeon Lee, Tae Kwon Lee
    Science of The Total Environment.2024; 957: 177724.     CrossRef
  • Exploring the Phosphate Solubilising Rhizobacteria isolated from Wild Musa Rhizosphere and their Efficacy on Growth Promotion of Phaseolus vulgaris
    Mum Tatung, Chitta Ranjan Deb
    Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences.2024; 12(5): 742.     CrossRef
  • Remediation of benzo[a]pyrene contaminated soils by moderate chemical oxidation coupled with microbial degradation
    Bin Chen, Jiang Xu, Huijie Lu, Lizhong Zhu
    Science of The Total Environment.2023; 871: 161801.     CrossRef
  • Assessing the Involvement of Selected Phenotypes of Pseudomonas simiae PICF7 in Olive Root Colonization and Biological Control of Verticillium dahliae
    Nuria Montes-Osuna, Carmen Gómez-Lama Cabanás, Antonio Valverde-Corredor, Roeland L. Berendsen, Pilar Prieto, Jesús Mercado-Blanco
    Plants.2021; 10(2): 412.     CrossRef
  • Ameliorative effect of indole-3-acetic acid- and siderophore-producing Leclercia adecarboxylata MO1 on cucumber plants under zinc stress
    Sang-Mo Kang, Raheem Shahzad, Muhammad Aaqil Khan, Zuhair Hasnain, Ko-Eun Lee, Hee-Soon Park, Lee-Rang Kim, In-Jung Lee
    Journal of Plant Interactions.2021; 16(1): 30.     CrossRef
  • Cadmium stress triggers significant metabolic reprogramming in Enterococcus faecium CX 2–6
    Xin Cheng, Bowen Yang, Jinfang Zheng, Hongyu Wei, Xuehuan Feng, Yanbin Yin
    Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal.2021; 19: 5678.     CrossRef
  • Complete Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas psychrotolerans CS51, a Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium, Under Heavy Metal Stress Conditions
    Sang-Mo Kang, Sajjad Asaf, Abdul Latif Khan, Lubna, Adil Khan, Bong-Gyu Mun, Muhammad Aaqil Khan, Humaira Gul, In-Jung Lee
    Microorganisms.2020; 8(3): 382.     CrossRef
  • The plant-growth promoting bacteria promote cadmium uptake by inducing a hormonal crosstalk and lateral root formation in a hyperaccumulator plant Sedum alfredii
    Yingjie Wu, Luyao Ma, Qizhen Liu, Mette Vestergård, Olivera Topalovic, Qiong Wang, Qiyao Zhou, Lukuan Huang, Xiaoe Yang, Ying Feng
    Journal of Hazardous Materials.2020; 395: 122661.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Ammonia and Indole-3-acetic Acid Producing Endophytic Klebsiella pneumoniae YNA12 as a Bio-Herbicide for Weed Inhibition: Special Reference with Evening Primroses
    Sang-Mo Kang, Saqib Bilal, Raheem Shahzad, Yu-Na Kim, Chang-Wook Park, Ko-Eun Lee, Jeong-Ran Lee, In-Jung Lee
    Plants.2020; 9(6): 761.     CrossRef
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    Valentina Pidlisnyuk, Aigerim Mamirova, Kumar Pranaw, Pavlo Y. Shapoval, Josef Trögl, Asil Nurzhanova
    International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation.2020; 155: 105103.     CrossRef
  • Phytohormones enabled endophytic Penicillium funiculosum LHL06 protects Glycine max L. from synergistic toxicity of heavy metals by hormonal and stress-responsive proteins modulation
    Saqib Bilal, Raheem Shahzad, Abdul Latif Khan, Ahmed Al-Harrasi, Chang Kil Kim, In-Jung Lee
    Journal of Hazardous Materials.2019; 379: 120824.     CrossRef
  • Amelioration of heavy metal stress by endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RWL-1 in rice by regulating metabolic changes: potential for bacterial bioremediation
    Raheem Shahzad, Saqib Bilal, Muhammad Imran, Abdul Latif Khan, Areej Ahmed Alosaimi, Hussah Abdullah Al-Shwyeh, Hanan Almahasheer, Suriya Rehman, In-Jung Lee
    Biochemical Journal.2019; 476(21): 3385.     CrossRef
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts
Transformation of Inorganic P Fractions of Soil and Plant Growth Promotion by Phosphate-solubilizing Ability of Penicillium oxalicum I1
Mingbo Gong , Peng Du , Xue Liu , Changxiong Zhu
J. Microbiol. 2014;52(12):1012-1019.   Published online November 3, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-4406-4
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AbstractAbstract
The solubilization of tricalcium phosphate is often considered as the standard for screening of most phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs). However, usually the effect of large-scale application of PSM on the promotion of crop growth varies. This study presents an efficient method for screening and testing phosphate-solubilizing fungus that enhance plant growth. A fungus Penicillium oxalicum I1 (PI1) was isolated and identified that had high ability of phosphate- solubilization and could utilize maize root exudates as sources, and propagate well in vitro and in soil. P-I1 excreted oxalic acid and reached 593.9 μg/ml, and the pH value was decreased from 6.90 to 1.65 in 26 h. The amount of P-I1 increased by 48-fold in 28 d and was maintained for 49 d in soil. PSM showed selectivity on the transformation of the different forms of phosphorus, a wide range of insoluble phosphates, such as Ca8H2(PO4)6·5H2O, AlPO4, FePO4, and Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, were converted to soluble CaHPO4 in soil, and CaHPO4 was also inhibited from being converted into insoluble phosphate by P-I1. The Ca2-P content reached 27.11 μg/g soil on day 28 at 20°C, which increased by 110.32%, and plant growth promotion was tested and verified, the
results
showed that maize yield increased remarkably than control after inoculated P-I1, maize yield increased maximum by 14.47%. The data presented that P-I1 appear attractive for exploring their plant growth-promoting activity and potential field application.

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    Yaohui Liu, Ashrafun Nessa, Qiyuan Zheng, Dongnan Hu, Wenyuan Zhang, Manyun Zhang
    Applied Soil Ecology.2023; 189: 104911.     CrossRef
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    Current Microbiology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Betül BAYRAKLI
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    Rosalba Argumedo-Delira, Mario J. Gómez-Martínez, Jairo Mora-Delgado
    Agronomy.2022; 12(12): 3033.     CrossRef
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    Saheed Adekunle Akinola, Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
    Journal of Plant Nutrition.2021; 44(4): 600.     CrossRef
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    Jin‐tian Li, Jing‐li Lu, Hong‐yu Wang, Zhou Fang, Xiao‐juan Wang, Shi‐wei Feng, Zhang Wang, Ting Yuan, Sheng‐chang Zhang, Shu‐ning Ou, Xiao‐dan Yang, Zhuo‐hui Wu, Xiang‐deng Du, Ling‐yun Tang, Bin Liao, Wen‐sheng Shu, Pu Jia, Jie‐Liang Liang
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    Ana Lúcia Leitão, Francisco J. Enguita
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Alternative Mechanism for the Evaluation of Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) Production by Azospirillum brasilense Strains and Its Effects on the Germination and Growth of Maize Seedlings
Oscar Masciarelli , Lucia Urbani , Herminda Reinoso , Virginia Luna
J. Microbiol. 2013;51(5):590-597.   Published online September 14, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-013-3136-3
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AbstractAbstract
We evaluated the production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) by Azospirillum brasilense strains in vitro (cell culture supernatants) and in vivo (stems and roots of maize seedlings) to clarify the role of this phytohormone as a signaling and effector molecule in the symbiotic interaction between maize and A. brasilense. The three strains all showed IAA production when cultured in NFb medium supplemented with 100 μg/ml L-tryptophan. The level of IAA production was 41.5 μg/ml for Yu62, 12.9 μg/ml for Az39, and 0.15 μg/ml for ipdC-. The release of IAA into culture medium by the bacteria appeared to be the main activator of the early growth promotion observed in the inoculated maize seedlings. The application of supernatants with different IAA contents caused significant differences in the seedling growth. This observation provides the basis for novel technological tools for effective quality control procedures on inoculants. The approach described can be incorporated into different inoculation methods, including line sowing, downspout, and foliar techniques, and increase the sustainability of symbiotic plant-bacteria systems.

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    Oriana Flores, Camila Prince, Mauricio Nuñez, Alejandro Vallejos, Claudia Mardones, Carolina Yañez, Ximena Besoain, Roberto Bastías
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Gibberellin-Producing Promicromonospora sp. SE188 Improves Solanum lycopersicum Plant Growth and Influences Endogenous Plant Hormones
Sang-Mo Kang , Abdul Latif Khan , Muhammad Hamayun , Javid Hussain , Gil-Jae Joo , Young-Hyun You , Jong-Guk Kim , In-Jung Lee
J. Microbiol. 2012;50(6):902-909.   Published online December 30, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-2273-4
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AbstractAbstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) producing gibberellins (GAs) can be beneficial to plant growth and development. In the present study, we isolated and screened a new strain of Promicromonospora sp., SE188, isolated from soil. Promicromonospora sp. SE188 secreted GAs into its growth medium and exhibited phosphate solubilization potential. The PGPR produced physiologically active (GA1 and GA4) and inactive (GA9, GA12, GA19, GA20, GA24, GA34, and GA53) GAs in various quantities detected by GC/MS-SIM. Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) plants inoculated with Promicromonospora sp. SE188 showed a significantly higher shoot length and biomass as compared to controls where PGPR-free nutrient broth (NB) and distilled water (DW) were applied to plants. The presence of Promicromonospora sp. SE188 significantly up-regulated the non C-13 hydroxylation GA biosynthesis pathway (GA12→GA24→GA9→GA4→GA34) in the tomato plants as compared to the NB and DW control plants. Abscisic acid, a plant stress hormone, was significantly down-regulated in the presence of Promicromonospora sp. SE188. Contrarily, salicylic acid was significantly higher in the tomato plant after Promicromonospora sp. SE188 inoculation as compared to the controls. Promicromonospora sp. SE188 showed promising stimulation of tomato plant growth. From the results it appears that Promicromonospora sp. SE188 has potential as a bio-fertilizer and should be more broadly tested in field trials for higher crop production in eco-friendly farming systems.
Biological Control and Plant Growth Promoting Capacity of Rhizobacteria on Pepper under Greenhouse and Field Conditions
Mi-Seon Hahm , Marilyn Sumayo , Ye-Ji Hwang , Seon-Ae Jeon , Sung-Jin Park , Jai Youl Lee , Joon-Hyung Ahn , Byung-Soo Kim , Choong-Min Ryu , Sa-Youl Ghim
J. Microbiol. 2012;50(3):380-385.   Published online June 30, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-1477-y
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AbstractAbstract
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Ochrobactrum lupini KUDC1013 and Novosphingobium pentaromativorans KUDC1065 isolated from Dokdo Island, S. Korea are capable of eliciting induced systemic resistance (ISR) in pepper against bacterial spot disease. The present study aimed to determine whether plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains including strain KUDC1013, strain KUDC1065, and Paenibacillus polymyxa E681 either singly or in combinations were evaluated to have the capacity for potential biological control and plant growth promotion effect in the field trials. Under greenhouse conditions, the induced systemic resistance (ISR) effect of treatment with strains KUDC1013 and KUDC1065 differed according to pepper growth stages. Drenching of 3-week-old pepper seedlings with the KUDC-1013 strain significantly reduced the disease symptoms. In contrast, treatment with the KUDC1065 strain significantly protected 5-week-old pepper seedlings. Under field conditions, peppers treated with PGPR mixtures containing E681 and KUDC1013, either in a two-way combination, were showed greater effect on plant growth than those treated with an individual treatment. Collectively, the application of mixtures of PGPR strains on pepper might be considered as a potential biological control under greenhouse and field conditions.
Growth Promotion of Xanthium italicum by Application of Rhizobacterial Isolates of Bacillus aryabhattai in Microcosm Soil
Sol Lee , Jong-Ok Ka , Hong-Gyu Song
J. Microbiol. 2012;50(1):45-49.   Published online February 27, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-1415-z
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AbstractAbstract
This study was conducted using rhizobacteria, which are able to exert beneficial effects upon plant growth in the infertile soil collected from barren lakeside areas. Four strains of plant growth promoting bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of a common wild plant, Erigeron canadensis. Isolated strains LS9, LS11, LS12, and LS15 were identified as Bacillus aryabhattai by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. B. aryabhattai LS9, LS11, LS12, and LS15 could solubilize 577.9, 676.8, 623.6, and 581.3 mg/L of 0.5% insoluble calcium phosphate within 2 days of incubation. Production of indole acetic acid, a typical growth promoting phytohormone auxin, by strain LS15 was 471.3 mg/L in 2 days with the addition of auxin precursor L-tryptophan. All the strains also produced other phytohormones such as indole butyric acid, gibberellins, and abscisic acid, and strain LS15 showed the highest production rate of gibberellin (GA3), 119.0 μg/mg protein. Isolated bacteria were used in a microcosm test for growth of wild plant Xanthium italicum, which can be utilized as a pioneer plant in barren lands. Seed germination was facilitated, and the lengths of roots, and shoots and the dry weights of germinated seedlings after 16 days were higher than those of the uninoculated control plants. Root lengths of seedlings of X. italicum increased by 121.1% in LS11-treated samples after 16 days. This plant growth-promoting capability of B. aryabhattai strains may be utilized as an environmentally friendly means of revegetating barren lands, especially sensitive areas such as lakeside lands.
Diversity of Endophytic Bacteria in Ginseng and Their Potential for Plant Growth Promotion
Regupathy Thamizh Vendan , Young Joon Yu , Sun Hee Lee , Young Ha Rhee
J. Microbiol. 2010;48(5):559-565.   Published online November 3, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-010-0082-1
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AbstractAbstract
Endophytic bacteria have been found in virtually every plant studied, where they colonize the internal tissues of their host plant and can form a range of different beneficial relationships. The diversity of bacterial endophytes associated with ginseng plants of varying age levels in Korea was investigated. Fifty-one colonies were isolated from the interior of ginseng stems. Although a mixed composition of endophyte communities was recovered from ginseng based on the results of 16S rDNA analysis, bacteria of the genus Bacillus and Staphylococcus dominated in 1-year-old and 4-year-old plants, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed four clusters: Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, α-Proteobacteria, and γ-Proteobacteria, with Firmicutes being predominant. To evaluate the plant growth promoting activities, 18 representative isolates were selected. Amplification of nifH gene confirmed the presence of diazotrophy in only two isolates. Half of the isolates solubilized mineral phosphate. Except four, all the other endophytic isolates produced significant amounts of indole acetic acid in nutrient broth. Iron sequestering siderophore production was detected in seven isolates. Isolates E-I-3 (Bacillus megaterium), E-I-4 (Micrococcus luteus), E-I-8 (B. cereus), and E-I-20 (Lysinibacillus fusiformis) were positive for most of the plant growth promoting traits, indicating their role in growth promotion of ginseng.
Bacillus megaterium Strain XTBG34 Promotes Plant Growth by Producing 2-Pentylfuran
Changsong Zou , Zhifang Li , Diqiu Yu
J. Microbiol. 2010;48(4):460-466.   Published online August 20, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-010-0068-z
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AbstractAbstract
Several chemical changes in soil are associated with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. An endosporeforming bacterium, strain XTBG34, was isolated from a Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden soil sample and identified as Bacillus megaterium. The strain’s volatiles had remarkable plant growth promotion activity in Arabidopsis thaliana plants; after 15 days treatment, the fresh weight of plants inoculated with XTBG34 was almost 2-fold compared with those inoculated with DH5α. Head space volatile compounds produced by XTBG34, trapped with headspace solid phase microextraction and identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, included aldehydes, alkanes, ketones and aroma components. Of the 11 compounds assayed for plant growth promotion activity in divided Petri plates, only 2-pentylfuran increased plant growth. We have therefore identified a new plant growth promotion volatile of B. megaterium XTBG34, which deserves further study in the mechanisms of interaction between plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and plants.
Chrysosporium pseudomerdarium Produces Gibberellins and Promotes Plant Growth
Muhammad Hamayun , Sumera Afzal Khan , Ilyas Iqbal , Chae-In Na , Abdul Latif Khan , Young-Hyun Hwang , In-Jung Lee
J. Microbiol. 2009;47(4):425-430.   Published online September 9, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-009-0268-6
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AbstractAbstract
We isolated 10 endophytic fungi from the roots of drought stressed soybean cultivar Hwangkeumkong and bioassyed on waito-c rice and soybean seedlings, in order to identify plant growth-promoting fungi. The fungal isolate D-2-1 provided the best result for plant height and biomass promotion as compared to wild type Gibberella fujikuroi. The D-2-1 culture filtrate (CF) was analyzed for the presence of gibberellins (GAs) and it was observed that all physiologically active GAs, especially gibberellic acid, were present in higher amounts (GA1, 0.24 ng/ml; GA3, 8.99 ng/ml; GA4, 2.58 ng/ml and GA7, 1.39 ng/ml) in conjunction with physiologically inactive GA5, GA9, GA15, GA19, and GA24. The fungal isolate D-2-1 was identified as a new strain of Chrysosporium pseudomerdarium through phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA sequence. Plant growth promotion and GAs production capacity of genus Chrysosporium have been reported for the first time in this study.
Comparison of the Bacterial Community and Characterization of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria from Different Genotypes of Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty (Vetiver) Rhizospheres
Juliana Mendes Monteiro , Renata Estebanez Vollu , Marcia Reed Rodrigues Coelho , Celuta Sales Alviano , Arie Fitzgerald Blank , Lucy Seldin
J. Microbiol. 2009;47(4):363-370.   Published online September 9, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-009-0048-3
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AbstractAbstract
Molecular approaches [PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE)] were used to determine whether three different vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides) genotypes, commercially used in Brazil and considered economically important over the world, select specific bacterial populations to coexist in their rhizospheres. DGGE profiles revealed that the predominant rhizospheric bacterial community hardly varies regarding the vetiver genotype. Moreover, using traditional cultivation methods, bacterial strains were isolated from the different rhizospheres. Colonies presenting different morphologies (83) were selected for determining their potential for plant growth promotion. More than half of the strains tested (57.8%) were amplified by PCR using nifH-based primers, specific for the enzyme nitrogenase reductase. The production of siderophores was observed in 88% of the strains, while the production of antimicrobial substances was detected in only 14.5% of the isolates when Micrococcus sp. was used as the indicator strain. Production of indole-3-acetic acid and the solubilization of phosphate were observed in 55.4% and 59% of the isolates, respectively. In total, 44 strains (53%) presented at least three characteristics of plant growth promotion and were submitted to amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis. Twenty-four genetic groups were formed at 100% similarity and one representative of each group was selected for their identification by partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. They were affiliated with the genera Acinetobacter, Comamonas, Chryseobacterium, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Pantoea, Dyella, Burkholderia, or Pseudomonas. These strains can be considered of great importance as possible biofertilizers in vetiver.
Burkholderia sp. KCTC 11096BP as a Newly Isolated Gibberellin Producing Bacterium
Gil-Jae Joo , Sang-Mo Kang , Muhammad Hamayun , Sang-Kuk Kim , Chae-In Na , Dong-Hyun Shin , In-Jung Lee
J. Microbiol. 2009;47(2):167-171.   Published online May 2, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-008-0273-1
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AbstractAbstract
We isolated 864 bacteria from 553 soil samples and bioassayed them on cucumber and crown daisy for plant growth promotion. A new bacterial strain, Burkholderia sp. KCTC 11096BP gave maximum growth promotion and was selected for further investigations. The culture filtrate of this bacterium was thus analyzed for the presence of gibberellins and we found physiologically active gibberellins were found (GA1, 0.23 ng/100 ml; GA3, 5.11 ng/100 ml and GA4, 2.65 ng/100 ml) along with physiologically inactive GA9, GA12, GA15, GA20, and GA24. The bacterial isolate also solubilised tricalcium phosphate and lowered the pH of the medium during the process. The isolate was identified as a new strain of Burkholderia through phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequence. Gibberellin production capacity of genus Burkholderia is reported for the first time in current study.
Enhancement of Growth and Yield of Tomato by Rhodopseudomonas sp. under Greenhouse Conditions
Kang-Hyeong Lee , Rae-Hyun Koh , Hong-Gyu Song
J. Microbiol. 2008;46(6):641-646.   Published online December 24, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-008-0159-2
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AbstractAbstract
A greenhouse test was carried out to examine the effects on tomato growth of application of purple nonsulfur bacterium Rhodopseudomonas sp. which had enhanced germination and growth of tomato seed under axenic conditions. The shoot length of tomato plant inoculated by Rhodopseudomonas sp. KL9 increased by 34.6% compared to that of control in 8 weeks of cultivation. During the same period, this strain increased 120.6 and 78.6% of dry weight of shoot and root of tomato plants, respectively. The formation ratio of tomato fruit from flower was also raised by inoculation of KL9. In addition, Rhodopseudomonas sp. KL9 treatment enhanced the fresh weight and lycopene content in the harvested tomato fruits by 98.3 and 48.3%, respectively compared to those of the uninoculated control. When the effect on the indigenous bacterial community and fate of the inoculated Rhodopseudomonas sp. KL9 were monitored by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis, its application did not affect the native bacterial community in tomato rhizosphere soil, but should be repeated to maintain its population size. This bacterial capability may be applied as an environment-friendly biofertilizer to cultivation of high quality tomato and other crops including lycopene-containing vegetables and fruits.
Revegetation of a Lakeside Barren Area by the Application of Plant Growth-promoting Rhizobacteria
Tae-Seok Ahn , Jong-Ok Ka , Geon-Hyoung Lee , Hong-Gyu Song
J. Microbiol. 2007;45(2):171-174.
DOI: https://doi.org/2516 [pii]
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AbstractAbstract
The growth stimulation of wild plants by several bacterial species showing plant growth-promoting capabilities was examined in a barren lakeside area at Lake Paro, Korea. Microbial numbers and activities in the field soil were monitored for 73 days after inoculation of the bacteria. The acridine orange direct counts for the total soil bacterial populations ranged between 2.0-2.3×109 cells/g soil and 1.4-1.8×109 cells/g soil in the inoculated and uninoculated soils, respectively. The numbers of Pseudomonas spp., which is known as a typical plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, and the total microbial activity were higher in the inoculated soil compared to those in the uninoculated soil. The average shoot and root lengths of the wild plants grown in the inoculated soil were 17.3 cm and 12.4 cm, respectively, and longer than those of 11.4 cm and 8.5 cm in the uninoculated soil. The total dry weight of the harvested wild plants was also higher in the inoculated soil (42.0 g) compared to the uninoculated soil (35.1 g). The plant growth-promoting capabilities of the inoculated bacteria may be used for the rapid revegetation of barren or disturbed land, and as biofertilizer in agriculture.

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