RNA modifications are a common occurrence across all domains
of life. Several chemical modifications, including N6-
methyladenosine, have also been found in viral transcripts
and viral RNA genomes. Some of the modifications increase
the viral replication efficiency while also helping the virus to
evade the host immune system. Nonetheless, there are numerous
examples in which the host's RNA modification enzymes
function as antiviral factors. Although established methods
like MeRIP-seq and miCLIP can provide a transcriptome-
wide overview of how viral RNA is modified, it is difficult
to distinguish between the complex overlapping viral
transcript isoforms using the short read-based techniques.
Nanopore direct RNA sequencing (DRS) provides both long
reads and direct signal readings, which may carry information
about the modifications. Here, we describe a refined protocol
for analyzing the RNA modifications in viral transcriptomes
using nanopore technology.
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