Journal of Microbiology

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The Role as Inoculum Sources of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri Surviving on the Infected Satsuma mandarin Fruits: So Young Kang , Ki Deok Kim , Jeum Kyu Hong , He Nam Hyun , Yong Chull Jeun; J. Microbiol. 2014;52(5):422-426. Published online April 11, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-3366-z

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Importing citrus fruits infected by Asiatic citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. citri (Xcc) can act as an inoculum source for the disease epidemic in citrus canker-free countries. In this study, the pathogenicity of the causal agent of Asiatic citrus canker surviving on infected Satsuma mandarin fruits was evaluated. The washing solution of infected Satsuma mandarin fruits did not cause lesion formation on the citrus leaves. However, a typical citrus canker lesion was formed on the leaves after inoculation with higher concentrations of the inoculum from the washing solution (washing solu-tion II). It indicated that the pathogenicity of the citrus can-ker surviving on the symptomatic Satsuma mandarin fruits was not changed. Scanning electron microscopic observation showed that the numbers of bacterial cells on the leaves of Satsuma mandarin which inoculated with the washing solu-tion directly (washing solution I) was less compared to those of leaves inoculated with the washing solution II. This result supports that the pathogenicity of Xcc surviving on Satsuma mandarin fruits may not be changed but that the sucessful infection of citrus caker may depend on the concentration of the inoculum.

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Seasonal and post-harvest population dynamics of the Asiatic citrus canker pathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri on grapefruit in Florida
Weiqi Luo, Drew Posny, Alissa B. Kriss, Jim H. Graham, Gavin H. Poole, Earl L. Taylor, Greg McCollum, Tim R. Gottwald, Clive H. Bock
Crop Protection.2020; 137: 105227. CrossRef
Effects of Nonionic Surfactants on Xanthan Gum Production: a Survey on Cellular Interactions
Tahereh Ghashghaei, Mohammad Reza Soudi, Saman Hoseinkhani, Morteza Shiri
Iranian Journal of Biotechnology.2018; 16(1): 60. CrossRef

NOTE] Mitochondrial Phylogeny Reveals Intraspecific Variation in Peronospora effusa, the Spinach Downy Mildew Pathogen: Young-Joon Choi , Marco Thines , Jae-Gu Han , Hyeon-Dong Shin; J. Microbiol. 2011;49(6):1039-1043. Published online December 28, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-1069-2

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Abstract: Since about two hundred years, downy mildew caused by Peronospora effusa is probably the most economically important disease of spinach (Spinacia oleracea). However, there is no information on the global phylogeographic structure of the pathogen and thus it is unclear whether a single genotype occurs worldwide
or whether some local genetic variation exists. To investigate the genetic variability of this pathogen, a sequence analysis of two partial mitochondrial DNA genes, cox2 and nad1, was carried out. Thirty-three specimens of Peronospora effusa from four continents were analyzed, including samples from Australia, China, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Russia, Sweden, and the USA. Despite the potential anthropogenic admixture of genotypes, a phylogeographic pattern was observed, which corresponds to two major groups, an Asian/Oceanian clade and another group, which includes American/European specimens. Notably, two of six Japanese specimens investigated did not belong to the Asian/Oceanian clade, but were identical to three of the specimens from the USA, suggestive of a recent introduction from the USA to Japan. As similar introduction events may be occurring as a result of the globalised trade with plant and seed material, a better knowledge of the phylogeographic distribution of pathogens is highly warranted for food security purposes.

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