Journal of Microbiology

Journal Article

Lentibacillus cibarius sp. nov., isolated from kimchi, a Korean fermented food: Young Joon Oh , Joon Yong Kim , Hee Eun Jo , Hyo Kyeong Park , Seul Ki Lim , Min-Sung Kwon , Hak-Jong Choi; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(5):387-394. Published online April 11, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9507-7

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Two bacterial strains designated NKC220-2T and NKC851-2 were isolated from commercial kimchi from different areas in Korea. The strains were Gram-positive, aerobic, oxidaseand catalase-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming, non-motile, and halophilic bacteria. Both strains grew without NaCl, unlike type species in the genus Lentibacillus. The optimal pH for growth was 8.0, higher than that of the type species in the genus Lentibacillus, although growth was observed at pH 5.5–9.0. 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis indicated that the two strains (99.3–99.9% similarity) are grouped within the genus Lentibacillus and most closely related to Lentibacillus juripiscarius IS40-3T (97.4–97.6% similarity) isolated from fish sauce in Thailand. OrthoANI value between two novel strains and Lentibacillus lipolyticus SSKP1- 9T (79.5–79.6% similarity) was far lower than the species demarcation threshold. Comparative genomic analysis displayed differences between the two strains as well as among other strains belonging to Lentibacillus. Furthermore, each isolate had strain-specific groups of orthologous genes based on pangenome analysis. Genomic G + C contents of strains NKC- 220-2T and NKC851-2 were 41.9 and 42.2 mol%, respectively. The strains contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in their cell walls, and the major menaquinone was menaquinone-7. Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, and an unidentified glycolipid, aminophospholipid, and phospholipid were the major polar lipid components of both strains. The major cellular fatty acids of the strains were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso- C17:0. Based on phenotypic, genomic, phylogenetic, and chemotaxonomic features, strains NKC220-2T and NKC851-2 represent novel species of the genus Lentibacillus, for which the name Lentibacillus cibarius sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NKC220-2T (= KACC 21232T = JCM 33390T).

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Review

[MINIREVIEW] Alanine dehydrogenases in mycobacteria: Ji-A Jeong , Jeong-Il Oh; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(2):81-92. Published online January 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8543-7

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Abstract

Since NAD(H)-dependent L-alanine dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.4.1; Ald) was identified as one of the major antigens present in culture filtrates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, many studies on the enzyme have been conducted. Ald catalyzes the reversible conversion of pyruvate to alanine with concomitant oxidation of NADH to NAD+ and has a homohexameric quaternary structure. Expression of the ald genes was observed to be strongly upregulated in M. tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis grown in the presence of alanine. Furthermore, expression of the ald genes in some mycobacteria was observed to increase under respiration-inhibitory conditions such as oxygen-limiting and nutrient-starvation conditions. Upregulation of ald expression by alanine or under respiration-inhibitory conditions is mediated by AldR, a member of the Lrp/AsnC family of transcriptional regulators. Mycobacterial Alds were demonstrated to be the enzymes required for utilization of alanine as a nitrogen source and to help mycobacteria survive under respiration-inhibitory conditions by maintaining cellular NADH/NAD+ homeostasis. Several inhibitors of Ald have been developed, and their application in combination with respiration-inhibitory antitubercular drugs such as Q203 and bedaquiline was recently suggested.

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