Journal of Microbiology

Journal Articles

An Optimized Method for Reconstruction of Transcriptional Regulatory Networks in Bacteria Using ChIP-exo and RNA-seq Datasets: Minchang Jang, Joon Young Park, Gayeon Lee, Donghyuk Kim; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(12):1075-1088. Published online November 11, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00181-6

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Transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs) in bacteria are crucial for elucidating the mechanisms that regulate gene expression and cellular responses to environmental stimuli. These networks delineate the interactions between transcription factors (TFs) and their target genes, thereby uncovering the regulatory processes that modulate gene expression under varying environmental conditions. Analyzing TRNs offers valuable insights into bacterial adaptation, stress responses, and metabolic optimization from an evolutionary standpoint. Additionally, understanding TRNs can drive the development of novel antimicrobial therapies and the engineering of microbial strains for biofuel and bioproduct production. This protocol integrates advanced data analysis pipelines, including ChEAP, DEOCSU, and DESeq2, to analyze omics datasets that encompass genome-wide TF binding sites and transcriptome profiles derived from ChIP-exo and RNA-seq experiments. This approach minimizes both the time required and the risk of bias, making it accessible to non-expert users. Key steps in the protocol include preprocessing and peak calling from ChIP-exo data, differential expression analysis of RNA-seq data, and motif and regulon analysis. This method offers a comprehensive and efficient framework for TRN reconstruction across various bacterial strains, enhancing both the accuracy and reliability of the analysis while providing valuable insights for basic and applied research.

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ChIP-mini: a low-input ChIP-exo protocol for elucidating DNA-binding protein dynamics in intracellular pathogens
Joon Young Park, Minchang Jang, Eunna Choi, Sang-Mok Lee, Ina Bang, Jihoon Woo, Seonggyu Kim, Eun-Jin Lee, Donghyuk Kim
Nucleic Acids Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

A PadR family transcriptional repressor regulates the transcription of chromate efflux transporter in Enterobacter sp. Z1: Xueqi Huo, Zijie Zhou, Hongliang Liu, Gejiao Wang, Kaixiang Shi; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(5):355-365. Published online April 8, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00117-0

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Abstract

Chromium is a prevalent toxic heavy metal, and chromate [Cr(VI)] exhibits high mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. The presence of the Cr(VI) efflux protein ChrA has been identified in strains exhibiting resistance to Cr(VI). Nevertheless, certain strains of bacteria that are resistant to Cr(VI) lack the presence of ChrB, a known regulatory factor. Here, a PadR family transcriptional repressor, ChrN, has been identified as a regulator in the response of Enterobacter sp. Z1(CCTCC NO: M 2019147) to Cr(VI). The chrN gene is cotranscribed with the chrA gene, and the transcriptional expression of this operon is induced by Cr(VI). The binding capacity of the ChrN protein to Cr(VI) was demonstrated by both the tryptophan fluorescence assay and Ni-NTA purification assay. The interaction between ChrN and the chrAN operon promoter was validated by reporter gene assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Mutation of the conserved histidine residues His14 and His50 resulted in loss of ChrN binding with the promoter of the chrAN operon. This observation implies that these residues are crucial for establishing a DNA-binding site. These findings demonstrate that ChrN functions as a transcriptional repressor, modulating the cellular response of strain Z1 to Cr(VI) exposure.

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High antimony resistance strain Enterobacter sp. Z1 mediates biomineralization of antimony trioxide
Zijie Zhou, Hongbo Yu, Gejiao Wang, Mingshun Li, Kaixiang Shi
Environment International.2025; 195: 109237. CrossRef

Review

Host–microbial interactions in metabolic diseases: from diet to immunity: Ju-Hyung Lee , Joo-Hong Park; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(6):561-575. Published online May 5, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2087-y

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Abstract

Growing evidence suggests that the gut microbiome is an important contributor to metabolic diseases. Alterations in microbial communities are associated with changes in lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, intestinal barrier functions, and chronic inflammation, all of which can lead to metabolic disorders. Therefore, the gut microbiome may represent a novel therapeutic target for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This review discusses how gut microbes and their products affect metabolic diseases and outlines potential treatment approaches via manipulation of the gut microbiome. Increasing our understanding of the interactions between the gut microbiome and host metabolism may help restore the healthy symbiotic relationship between them.

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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Indications, Methods, and Challenges
Jee Young Lee, Yehwon Kim, Jiyoun Kim, Jiyeun Kate Kim
Journal of Microbiology.2024; 62(12): 1057. CrossRef
Galectin-4 increases the ability of M2 macrophages to enhance antiviral CD4+ T-cell responses
In-Gu Lee, Yong-Hyun Joo, Hoyeon Jeon, Raehyuk Jeong, Eui Ho Kim, Hyunwoo Chung, Seong-il Eyun, Jeongkyu Kim, Young-Jin Seo, So-Hee Hong
Journal of Leukocyte Biology.2023; 113(1): 71. CrossRef
Microencapsulation of Bacteriophages for the Delivery to and Modulation of the Human Gut Microbiota through Milk and Cereal Products
Christina Schubert, Sabina Fischer, Kathrin Dorsch, Lutz Teßmer, Jörg Hinrichs, Zeynep Atamer
Applied Sciences.2022; 12(13): 6299. CrossRef
Beta-Glucan Alters Gut Microbiota and Plasma Metabolites in Pre-Weaning Dairy Calves
Zhengzhong Luo, Li Ma, Tao Zhou, Yixin Huang, Liben Zhang, Zhenlong Du, Kang Yong, Xueping Yao, Liuhong Shen, Shumin Yu, Xiaodong Shi, Suizhong Cao
Metabolites.2022; 12(8): 687. CrossRef

Journal Articles

Lentibacillus cibarius sp. nov., isolated from kimchi, a Korean fermented food: Young Joon Oh , Joon Yong Kim , Hee Eun Jo , Hyo Kyeong Park , Seul Ki Lim , Min-Sung Kwon , Hak-Jong Choi; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(5):387-394. Published online April 11, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9507-7

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Abstract

Two bacterial strains designated NKC220-2T and NKC851-2 were isolated from commercial kimchi from different areas in Korea. The strains were Gram-positive, aerobic, oxidaseand catalase-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming, non-motile, and halophilic bacteria. Both strains grew without NaCl, unlike type species in the genus Lentibacillus. The optimal pH for growth was 8.0, higher than that of the type species in the genus Lentibacillus, although growth was observed at pH 5.5–9.0. 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis indicated that the two strains (99.3–99.9% similarity) are grouped within the genus Lentibacillus and most closely related to Lentibacillus juripiscarius IS40-3T (97.4–97.6% similarity) isolated from fish sauce in Thailand. OrthoANI value between two novel strains and Lentibacillus lipolyticus SSKP1- 9T (79.5–79.6% similarity) was far lower than the species demarcation threshold. Comparative genomic analysis displayed differences between the two strains as well as among other strains belonging to Lentibacillus. Furthermore, each isolate had strain-specific groups of orthologous genes based on pangenome analysis. Genomic G + C contents of strains NKC- 220-2T and NKC851-2 were 41.9 and 42.2 mol%, respectively. The strains contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in their cell walls, and the major menaquinone was menaquinone-7. Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, and an unidentified glycolipid, aminophospholipid, and phospholipid were the major polar lipid components of both strains. The major cellular fatty acids of the strains were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso- C17:0. Based on phenotypic, genomic, phylogenetic, and chemotaxonomic features, strains NKC220-2T and NKC851-2 represent novel species of the genus Lentibacillus, for which the name Lentibacillus cibarius sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NKC220-2T (= KACC 21232T = JCM 33390T).

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Detection of the Microbial Composition of Some Commercial Fermented Liquid Products via Metagenomic Analysis
Cansu Çelik Doğan, Hafize Tuğba Yüksel Dolgun, Serkan İkiz, Şükrü Kırkan, Uğur Parın
Foods.2023; 12(19): 3538. CrossRef
Lentibacillus daqui sp. nov., isolated from high-temperature Daqu, a starter for production of Chinese Jiang-flavour Baijiu
Yuan Liang, Zhen-Ming Lu, Wei Shi, Lin-Huan Wu, Li-Juan Chai, Xiao-Juan Zhang, Su-Yi Zhang, Song-Tao Wang, Cai-Hong Shen, Zheng-Hong Xu
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Occurrence of biogenic amines and their correlation with bacterial communities in the Ivorian traditional fermented fish adjuevan during the storage
Marina Ghislaine Abré, Clémentine Amenan Kouakou-Kouamé, Florent Kouadio N’guessan, Corinne Teyssier, Didier Montet
Folia Microbiologica.2023; 68(2): 257. CrossRef
Description of Corynebacterium poyangense sp. nov., isolated from the feces of the greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons)
Qian Liu, Guoying Fan, Kui Wu, Xiangning Bai, Xi Yang, Wentao Song, Shengen Chen, Yanwen Xiong, Haiying Chen
Journal of Microbiology.2022; 60(7): 668. CrossRef
Parasphingorhabdus cellanae sp. nov., isolated from the gut of a Korean limpet, Cellana toreuma
Ji-Ho Yoo, Jeong Eun Han, June-Young Lee, Su-Won Jeong, Yun-Seok Jeong, Jae-Yun Lee, So-Yeon Lee, Hojun Sung, Euon Jung Tak, Hyun Sik Kim, Pil Soo Kim, Jee-Won Choi, Do-Yeon Kim, In Chul Jeong, Do-Hun Gim, Seo Min Kang, Jin-Woo Bae
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Isolation and characterization of tick-borne Roseomonas haemaphysalidis sp. nov. and rodent-borne Roseomonas marmotae sp. nov.
Wentao Zhu, Juan Zhou, Shan Lu, Jing Yang, Xin-He Lai, Dong Jin, Ji Pu, Yuyuan Huang, Liyun Liu, Zhenjun Li, Jianguo Xu
Journal of Microbiology.2022; 60(2): 137. CrossRef
The Methods of Digging for “Gold” within the Salt: Characterization of Halophilic Prokaryotes and Identification of Their Valuable Biological Products Using Sequencing and Genome Mining Tools
Jakub Lach, Paulina Jęcz, Dominik Strapagiel, Agnieszka Matera-Witkiewicz, Paweł Stączek
Genes.2021; 12(11): 1756. CrossRef
Lentibacillus saliphilus. sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a saltern in Korea
Yun Wang, Gang-Qiang Jiang, Hong-Ping Lin, Peng Sun, Hong-Yan Zhang, Dong-Mei Lu, Li-Yun Wang, Chang-Jin Kim, Shu-Kun Tang
Archives of Microbiology.2021; 203(2): 621. CrossRef
Salicibibacter cibarius sp. nov. and Salicibibacter cibi sp. nov., two novel species of the family Bacillaceae isolated from kimchi
Young Joon Oh, Joon Yong Kim, Seul Ki Lim, Min-Sung Kwon, Hak-Jong Choi
Journal of Microbiology.2021; 59(5): 460. CrossRef
Flaviflexus ciconiae sp. nov., isolated from the faeces of the oriental stork, Ciconia boyciana
Jae-Yun Lee, Woorim Kang, Pil Soo Kim, So-Yeon Lee, Na-Ri Shin, Hojun Sung, June-Young Lee, Ji-Hyun Yun, Yun-Seok Jeong, Jeong Eun Han, Mi-Ja Jung, Dong-Wook Hyun, Hyun Sik Kim, Euon Jung Tak, Jin-Woo Bae
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.2020; 70(10): 5439. CrossRef
List of new names and new combinations that have appeared in effective publications outside of the IJSEM and are submitted for valid publication
Aharon Oren, George M. Garrity
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2019;[Epub] CrossRef

Differences in the gut microbiota between Cercopithecinae and Colobinae in captivity: Zongjin Huan , Yongfang Yao , Jianqiu Yu , Hongwei Chen , Meirong Li , Chaojun Yang , Bo Zhao , Qingyong Ni , Mingwang Zhang , Meng Xie , Huailiang Xu; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(5):367-376. Published online March 28, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9493-9

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Abstract

The gut microbiome of captive primates can provide a window into their health and disease status. The diversity and composition of gut microbiota are influenced by not only host phylogeny, but also host diet. Old World monkeys (Cercopithecidae) are divided into two subfamilies: Cercopithecinae and Colobinae. The diet and physiological digestive features differ between these two subfamilies. Accordingly, highthroughput sequencing was used to examine gut microbiota differences between these two subfamilies, using data from 29 Cercopithecinae individuals and 19 Colobinae individuals raised in captivity. Through a comparative analysis of operational taxonomic units (OTUs), significant differences in the diversity and composition of gut microbiota were observed between Cercopithecinae and Colobinae. In particular, the gut microbiota of captive Old World monkeys clustered strongly by the two subfamilies. The Colobinae microbial diversity was higher than that of Cercopithecinae. Additionally, Firmicutes, Lactobacillaceae, Veillonellaceae, and Prevotella abundance were higher in Cercopithecinae, while Bacteroidetes, Ruminococcaceae, Christensenellaceae, Bacteroidaceae, and Acidaminococcaceae abundance were higher in Colobinae. PICRUSt analysis revealed that the predicted metagenomes of metabolic pathways associated with proteins, carbohydrates, and amino acids were significantly higher in Colobinae. In the context of host phylogeny, these differences between Cercopithecinae and Colobinae could reflect adaptations associated with their respective diets. This well-organized dataset is a valuable resource for future related research on primates and gut microbiota. Moreover, this study may provide useful insight into animal management practices and primate conservation.

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Present status and trends of “ex situ” Cercopithecinae monkey populations worldwide
D. Fraschetti, S. Gippoliti
Journal for Nature Conservation.2024; 81: 126687. CrossRef
Assessment of Gut Microbiome Variations in the Mother and Twin Infant of Captive White-handed Gibbons (Hylobates lar) Reveals the Presence of Beneficial and Pathogenic Bacteria
Badrul Munir Md-Zain, Siti Hajar Azmi, Roberta Chaya Tawie Tingga, Millawati Gani, Mohamad Khairulmunir, Abd Rahman Mohd-Ridwan
Malaysian Applied Biology.2024; 53(3): 39. CrossRef
Isolation of Bacteria from Freeze-Dried Samples and the Functional Characterization of Species-Specific Lactic Acid Bacteria with a Comparison of Wild and Captive Proboscis Monkeys
Nami Suzuki-Hashido, Sayaka Tsuchida, Akinori Azumano, Benoit Goossens, Diana A. Ramirez Saldivar, Danica J. Stark, Augustine Tuuga, Kazunari Ushida, Ikki Matsuda
Microorganisms.2023; 11(6): 1458. CrossRef
Lineage-specific accelerated sequences underlying primate evolution
Xupeng Bi, Long Zhou, Jin-Jin Zhang, Shaohong Feng, Mei Hu, David N. Cooper, Jiangwei Lin, Jiali Li, Dong-Dong Wu, Guojie Zhang
Science Advances.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
β-mannanase supplemented in diets saved 85 to 100 kcal of metabolizable energy/kg, supporting growth performance and improving nutrient digestibility in grower pigs
Jansller Luiz Genova, Liliana Bury de Azevedo, Paulo Evaristo Rupolo, Flávia Beatriz Carvalho Cordeiro, Hellen Lazarino Oliveira Vilela, Pedro Silva Careli, Damares de Castro Fidelis Toledo, Silvana Teixeira Carvalho, Marcos Kipper, Luciana Navajas Rennó,
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Description of Deefgea piscis sp. nov., and Deefgea tanakiae sp. nov., isolated from the gut of Korean indigenous fish
Do-Hun Gim, So-Yeon Lee, Jeong Eun Han, Jae-Yun Lee, Seo Min Kang, Jin-Woo Bae
Journal of Microbiology.2022; 60(11): 1061. CrossRef
The Gut Microbiota Composition of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and Their Predicted Contribution to Larval Nutrition
Chuanming Li, Guangjie Han, Jun Sun, Lixin Huang, Yurong Lu, Yang Xia, Qin Liu, Jian Xu
Frontiers in Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The gut microbiota of gibbons across host genus and captive site in China
Li‐Ying Lan, Yu‐Yan You, Qi‐Xuan Hong, Qun‐Xiu Liu, Chun‐Zhong Xu, Wu Chen, Ying‐Di Zhu, Xue‐Qing Du, Peng‐Fei Fan
American Journal of Primatology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Fecal Bacterial Community of Allopatric Przewalski’s Gazelles and Their Sympatric Relatives
Ruoshuang Liu, Jianbin Shi, Susanne Shultz, Dongsheng Guo, Dingzhen Liu
Frontiers in Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Fecal bacterial communities of wild black capuchin monkeys (Sapajus nigritus) from the Atlantic Forest biome in Southern Brazil are divergent from those of other non-human primates
Tiela Trapp Grassotti, Caroline Isabel Kothe, Janira Prichula, Nacer Mohellibi, Michele Bertoni Mann, Paulo Guilherme Carniel Wagner, Fabricio Souza Campos, Aline Alves Scarpellini Campos, Jeverson Frazzon, Ana Paula Guedes Frazzon
Current Research in Microbial Sciences.2021; 2: 100048. CrossRef

Jejubacter calystegiae gen. nov., sp. nov., moderately halophilic, a new member of the family Enterobacteriaceae, isolated from beach morning glory: Lingmin Jiang , Dexin Wang , Jung-Sook Lee , Dae-Hyuk Kim , Jae Cheol Jeong , Cha Young Kim , Suk Weon Kim , Jiyoung Lee; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(5):357-366. Published online March 27, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9294-1

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Abstract

Strain KSNA2T, a Gram-negative, moderately halophilic, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, was isolated from the surface-sterilized stem tissue of a beach morning glory (Calystegia soldanella) plant in Chuja Island, Jejudo, Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome sequences revealed that strain KSNA2T formed a distinct lineage within the family Enterobacteriaceae, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Izhakiella australiensis KCTC 72143T (96.2%) and Izhakiella capsodis KCTC 72142T (96.0%), exhibited 95.5– 95.9% similarity to other genera in the family Enterobacteriaceae and Erwiniaceae. Conserved signature indels analysis elucidated that strain KSNA2T was delimited into family Enterobacteriaceae. KSNA2T genome comprises a circular chromosome of 5,182,800 bp with 56.1% G + C content. Digital DNA-DNA relatedness levels between strain KSNA2T and 18 closely related species were 19.3 to 21.1%. Average nucleotide identity values were between 72.0 and 76.7%. Growth of strain KSNA2T was observed at 4 to 45°C (optimum, 25°C) and pH 5.0 to 12.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) in the presence of 0 to 11% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0–7%). The major cellular fatty acids (> 10%) were C16:0 followed by summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c), summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c), C17:0 cyclo, and C14:0. The major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). With combined phylogenetic, genomic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic features, strain KSNA2T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Enterobacteriaceae, for which the name Jejubacter calystegiae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KSNA2T (= KCTC 72234T = CCTCC AB 2019098T).

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Pseudoxanthomonas sp. JBR18, a halotolerant endophytic bacterium, improves the salt tolerance of Arabidopsis seedlings
Yuxin Peng, Lingmin Jiang, Doeun Jeon, Donghyun Cho, Youngmin Kim, Cha Young Kim, Ju Huck Lee, Jiyoung Lee
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry.2024; 207: 108415. CrossRef
Two microbes assisting Miscanthus floridulus in remediating multi-metal(loid)s-contaminated soil
Yunhua Xiao, Jingjing Ma, Rui Chen, Sha Xiang, Bo Yang, Liang Chen, Jun Fang, Shuming Liu
Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2024; 31(20): 28922. CrossRef
Improving plant salt tolerance through Algoriphagus halophytocola sp. nov., isolated from the halophyte Salicornia europaea
Yuxin Peng, Dong Hyun Cho, Zalfa Humaira, Yu Lim Park, Ki Hyun Kim, Cha Young Kim, Jiyoung Lee
Frontiers in Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Detection of human pathogenic bacteria in rectal DNA samples from Zalophus californianus in the Gulf of California, Mexico
Francesco Cicala, David Ramírez-Delgado, Ricardo Gómez-Reyes, Marcel Martínez-Porchas, Jorge Rojas-Vargas, Liliana Pardo-López, Alexei F. Licea-Navarro
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Genome Insights into the Novel Species Jejubacter calystegiae, a Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium in Saline Conditions
Ling Min Jiang, Yong Jae Lee, Ho Le Han, Myoung Hui Lee, Jae Cheol Jeong, Cha Young Kim, Suk Weon Kim, Ji Young Lee
Diversity.2021; 13(1): 24. CrossRef
Pedobacter endophyticus sp. nov., an endophytic bacterium isolated from Carex pumila
Yuxin Peng, Lingmin Jiang, Jiyoon Seo, Zhun Li, Hanna Choe, Jae Cheol Jeong, Suk Weon Kim, Young-Min Kim, Cha Young Kim, Jiyoung Lee
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2021;[Epub] CrossRef
The Changing Face of the Family Enterobacteriaceae (Order: “ Enterobacterales ”): New Members, Taxonomic Issues, Geographic Expansion, and New Diseases and Disease Syndromes
J. Michael Janda, Sharon L. Abbott
Clinical Microbiology Reviews.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Improved tolerance of Escherichia coli to oxidative stress by expressing putative response regulator homologs from Antarctic bacteria: Seo-jeong Park , Sangyong Lim , Jong-il Choi; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(2):131-141. Published online December 23, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9290-5

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Abstract

Response regulator (RR) is known a protein that mediates cell’s response to environmental changes. The effect of RR from extremophiles was still under investigation. In this study, response regulator homologs were mined from NGS data of Antarctic bacteria and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Sixteen amino acid sequences were annotated corresponding to response regulators related to the two-component regulatory systems; of these, 3 amino acid sequences (DRH632, DRH1601 and DRH577) with high homology were selected. These genes were cloned in pRadGro and expressed in E. coli. The transformant strains were subjected to various abiotic stresses including oxidative, osmotic, thermal stress, and acidic stress. There was found that the robustness of E. coli to abiotic stress was increased in the presence of these response regulator homologs. Especially, recombinant E. coli overexpressing drh632 had the highest survival rate in oxidative, hypothermic, osmotic, and acidic conditions. Recombinant E. coli overexpressing drh1601 showed the highest tolerance level to osmotic stress. These results will be applicable for development of recombinant strains with high tolerance to abiotic stress.

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Deionococcus proteotlycius Genomic Library Exploration Enhances Oxidative Stress Resistance and Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate Production in Recombinant Escherichia coli
Seul-Ki Yang, Soyoung Jeong, Inwoo Baek, Jong-il Choi, Sangyong Lim, Jong-Hyun Jung
Microorganisms.2023; 11(9): 2135. CrossRef
Bacterial redox response factors in the management of environmental oxidative stress
Sudharsan M, Rajendra Prasad N, Saravanan Rajendrasozhan
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Sadika Dkhili, Miguel Ribeiro, Salma Ghariani, Houssem Ben Yahia, Mélanie Hillion, Patricia Poeta, Karim Ben Slama, Michel Hébraud, Gilberto Igrejas
OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology.2021; 25(10): 626. CrossRef
Regulator of ribonuclease activity modulates the pathogenicity of Vibrio vulnificus
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Journal of Microbiology.2021; 59(12): 1133. CrossRef

Review

[MINIREVIEW] Alanine dehydrogenases in mycobacteria: Ji-A Jeong , Jeong-Il Oh; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(2):81-92. Published online January 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8543-7

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Abstract

Since NAD(H)-dependent L-alanine dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.4.1; Ald) was identified as one of the major antigens present in culture filtrates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, many studies on the enzyme have been conducted. Ald catalyzes the reversible conversion of pyruvate to alanine with concomitant oxidation of NADH to NAD+ and has a homohexameric quaternary structure. Expression of the ald genes was observed to be strongly upregulated in M. tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis grown in the presence of alanine. Furthermore, expression of the ald genes in some mycobacteria was observed to increase under respiration-inhibitory conditions such as oxygen-limiting and nutrient-starvation conditions. Upregulation of ald expression by alanine or under respiration-inhibitory conditions is mediated by AldR, a member of the Lrp/AsnC family of transcriptional regulators. Mycobacterial Alds were demonstrated to be the enzymes required for utilization of alanine as a nitrogen source and to help mycobacteria survive under respiration-inhibitory conditions by maintaining cellular NADH/NAD+ homeostasis. Several inhibitors of Ald have been developed, and their application in combination with respiration-inhibitory antitubercular drugs such as Q203 and bedaquiline was recently suggested.

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Journal of Food Protection.2020; 83(1): 155. CrossRef

Journal Article

Characterization of the velvet regulators in Aspergillus flavus: Tae-Jin Eom , Heungyun Moon , Jae-Hyuk Yu , Hee-Soo Park; J. Microbiol. 2018;56(12):893-901. Published online October 25, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-8417-4

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Abstract

Fungal development and secondary metabolism are closely associated via the activities of the fungal NK-kB-type velvet regulators that are highly conserved in filamentous fungi. Here, we investigated the roles of the velvet genes in the aflatoxigenic fungus Aspergillus flavus. Distinct from other Aspergillus species, the A. flavus genome contains five velvet genes, veA, velB, velC, velD, and vosA. The deletion of velD blocks the production of aflatoxin B1, but does not affect the formation of sclerotia. Expression analyses revealed that vosA and velB mRNAs accumulated at high levels during the late phase of asexual development and in conidia. The absence of vosA or velB decreased the content of conidial trehalose and the tolerance of conidia to the thermal and UV stresses. In addition, double mutant analyses demonstrated that VosA and VelB play an inter-dependent role in trehalose biosynthesis and conidial stress tolerance. Together with the findings of previous studies, the results of the present study suggest that the velvet regulators play the conserved and vital role in sporogenesis, conidial trehalose biogenesis, stress tolerance, and aflatoxin biosynthesis in A. flavus.

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Review

REVIEW] Type 3 regulatory T cells at the interface of symbiosis: Joo-Hong Park , Gérard Eberl; J. Microbiol. 2018;56(3):163-171. Published online February 28, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-7565-x

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Abstract

The mammalian gastrointestinal tract accommodates trillions of bacteria, many of which provide beneficial effects to the host, including protection from pathogenic microorganisms and essential metabolites. However, the intestinal immune system needs to adapt to the constantly fluctuating microbial environment at mucosal surfaces in order to maintain homeostasis. In particular, the gut microbiota induces the differentiation of effector Th17 cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) that express RORγt, the master regulator of antimicrobial type 3 immunity. RORγt+ Tregs constitute a major population of colonic Tregs that is distinct from thymusderived Tregs and require bacterial antigens for differentiation. The balance between Th17 cells and RORγt+ Tregs, that is, the tone of the local type 3 immune response, is regulated by the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid produced by the host. Furthermore, Th17 cells and RORγt+ Tregs regulate intestinal type 2 immune responses, explaining how bacteria block allergic reactions. Here, we review the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the differentiation, regulation and function of RORγt+ (type 3) Tregs, and discuss the multiple equilibria that exist between effector T cells and Tregs, as well as between different types of immune responses, which are necessary to maintain homeostasis and health.

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Journal Article

Proteome analysis reveals global response to deletion of mrflbA in Monascus ruber: Qingqing Yan , Zhouwei Zhang , Yishan Yang , Fusheng Chen , Yanchun Shao; J. Microbiol. 2018;56(4):255-263. Published online February 28, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-7425-8

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Abstract

Monascus spp. are commonly used for a wide variety of applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In previous studies, the knock-out of mrflbA (a putative regulator of the G protein α subunit) in M. ruber led to autolysis of the mycelia, decreased pigmentation and lowered mycotoxin production. Therefore, we aimed to obtain a comprehensive overview of the underlying mechanism of mrflbA deletion at the proteome level. A two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis of mycelial proteins indicated that the abundance of 178 proteins was altered in the ΔmrflbA strain, 33 of which were identified with high confidence. The identified proteins are involved in a range of activities, including carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, hyphal development and the oxidative stress response, protein modification, and the regulation of cell signaling. Consistent with these findings, the activity of antioxidative enzymes and chitinase was elevated in the supernatant of the ΔmrflbA strain. Furthermore, deletion of mrflbA resulted in the transcriptional reduction of secondary metabolites (pigment and mycotoxin). In short, the mutant phenotypes induced by the deletion of mrflbA were consistent with changes in the expression levels of associated proteins, providing direct evidence of the regulatory functions mediated by mrflbA in M. ruber.

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Review

MINIREVIEW] Global transcriptional regulator TrmB family members in prokaryotes: Minwook Kim , Soyoung Park , Sung-Jae Lee; J. Microbiol. 2016;54(10):639-645. Published online September 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-6362-7

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Abstract

Members of the TrmB family act as global transcriptional regulators for the activation or repression of sugar ABC transporters and central sugar metabolic pathways, including glycolytic, gluconeogenic, and other metabolic pathways, and also as chromosomal stabilizers in archaea. As a relatively newly classified transcriptional regulator family, there is limited experimental evidence for their role in Thermococcales, halophilic archaeon Halobacterium salinarum NRC1, and crenarchaea Sulfolobus strains, despite being one of the extending protein families in archaea. Recently, the protein structures of Pyrococcus furiosus TrmB and TrmBL2 were solved, and the transcriptomic data uncovered by microarray and ChIP-Seq were published. In the present review, recent evidence of the functional roles of TrmB family members in archaea is explained and extended to bacteria.

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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

D101 is critical for the function of AttJ, a repressor of quorum quenching system in Agrobacterium tumefaciens: Chao Wang , Chunlan Yan , Yong-Gui Gao , Lian-Hui Zhang; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(9):623-632. Published online August 1, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-5100-x

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Abstract: The quorum quenching system of Agrobacterium tumefaciens is specifically activated upon entering the stationary phase. Evidence has shown that this system includes two key components: the IclR-type transcriptional factor AttJ (also named as BlcR) and the AHL-lactonase AttM (also named as BlcC). At exponential phase, AttJ binds to the promoter region of attM and thus suppresses the expression of attM. At stationary phase, however, the small molecule SSA directly binds to AttJ and relieves its inhibition of AttJ and thereby triggers the expression of attM. While the regulation of AttM has been extensively investigated, little is known about the regulation of AttJ. In this study, we demonstrated the D101 amino acid of AttJ is essential for the AttJ function. In vitro, the variant protein of AttJD101H appeared to be readily aggregated. In vivo, the D101H mutation in AttJ entirely abolished the inhibitory activity of AttJ and overexpressed attM in A. tumefaciens A6. In addition, D101H mutation led to an overexpression of attJ, indicating an auto-regulatory mechanism for the attJ regulation. Put together, these findings demonstrate that D101 is an important amino acid for the transcription activity of AttJ and the transcription of attJ is regulated by a negative feedback loop. These results expand previous biochemical characterization of AttJ and provide new mechanistic insights into the regulation of quorum quenching in A. tumefaciens.

Review

MINIREVIEW] Regulation of Escherichia coli RNase III activity: Boram Lim , Minji Sim , Howoon Lee , Seogang Hyun , Younghoon Lee , Yoonsoo Hahn , Eunkyoung Shin , Kangseok Lee; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(8):487-494. Published online July 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-5323-x

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Abstract

Bacterial cells respond to changes in the environment by adjusting their physiological reactions. In cascades of cellular responses to stresses of various origins, rapid modulation of RNA function is known to be an effective biochemical adaptation. Among many factors affecting RNA function, RNase III, a member of the phylogenetically highly conserved endoribonuclease III family, plays a key role in posttranscriptional regulatory pathways in Escherichia coli. In this review, we provide an overview of the factors affecting RNase III activity in E. coli.

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Journal Article

Characterization of MocR, a GntR-like transcriptional regulator, in Bradyrhizobium japonicum: its impact on motility, biofilm formation, and soybean nodulation: May Nyan Taw , Hae-In Lee , Sang-Ho Lee , Woo-Suk Chang; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(8):518-525. Published online July 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-5313-z

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Abstract

Bradyrhizobium japonicum is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that can fix nitrogen into ammonia by developing a symbiotic relationship with the soybean plant. MocR proteins make up a subfamily of GntR superfamily, one of the most widely distributed and prolific groups of the helix-turn-helix transcription factors. In this study, we constructed a mutant strain for mocR (blr6977) to investigate its role in cellular processes and symbiosis in B. japonicum. Although growth rate and morphology of the mutant were indistinguishable from those of the wild type, the mutant showed significant differences in motility and attachment (i.e., biofilm formation) from the wild type. The mutant displayed a decrease in biofilm formation, but was more motile than the wild type. The inactivation of mocR did not affect the number of nodules on soybean roots, but caused delayed nodulation. Delayed nodulation intrigued us to study competitiveness of the mutant infecting soybeans. The mutant was less competitive than the wild type, indicating that delayed nodulation might be due to competitiveness. Gene expressions of other MocR subfamily members were also compared between the wild type and mutant strains. None of the mocR-like genes examined in this study were differentially expressed between both strains.

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