Research Article
- Lactic acid bacteria from Ethiopian traditional beverage, Tella: technological and metabolic profiles for industrial application
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Gashaw Assefa Yehuala, Jaein Choe, Nurelegne Tefera Shibeshi, Kumsa Delessa, Asnake Desalegn, Mi-Kyung Park
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J. Microbiol. 2025;63(1):e.2409008. Published online December 20, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2409008
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Abstract
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Tella is a traditional beverage widely accepted by consumers, despite the lack of product consistency owing to its reliance on natural fermentation. This study aimed to identify potential industrial lactic acid bacteria (LAB) starter cultures based on their technological properties. Seven LAB strains isolated from Tella were characterized for their carbohydrate utilization, salt content, temperature, and acid tolerances, growth and acidification rates, and metabolite profiles. Most strains efficiently utilized various carbohydrates, with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TDM41 showing exceptional versatility. The strains exhibited similar growth characteristics. Principal component analysis of stress tolerance properties revealed that L. plantarum TDM41, Pediococcus pentosaceus TAA01, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides TDB22 exhibited superior tolerance ability. Strong acidification properties were detected in the L. plantarum TDM41, P. pentosaceus TAA01, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides TDB22 strains after 24 h incubation at 30°C. L. plantarum TDM41 displayed the fastest acidification rate throughout the analysis period. All LAB strains produced significant amounts of diverse organic acids, including lactic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, malic acid, and succinic acid, with lactic acid being the primary acid produced by each strain. Overall, strains L. plantarum TDM41 and P. pentosaceus TAA01 prove to be potential candidates for Tella industrial starter cultures and similar cereal products owing to their robust technological properties.
Journal Articles
- Whole genome analysis of Aspergillus sojae SMF 134 supports its merits as a starter for soybean fermentation
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Kang Uk Kim , Kyung Min Kim , Yong-Ho Choi , Byung-Serk Hurh , Inhyung Lee
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J. Microbiol. 2019;57(10):874-883. Published online June 27, 2019
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-9152-1
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50
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14
Web of Science
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Abstract
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Aspergillus sojae is a koji (starter) mold that has been applied
for food fermentation in Asia. The whole genome of A. sojae
SMF 134, which was isolated from meju (Korean soybean
fermented brick), was analyzed at the genomic level to evaluate
its potential as a starter for soybean fermentation. The
genome size was 40.1 Mbp, which was expected to be composed
of eight chromosomes with 13,748 ORFs. Strain SMF
134 had a total of 151 protease genes, among which two more
leucine aminopeptidase (lap) genes were found in addition to
the previously known lap1, and three γ-glutamyltranspeptidase
(ggt) genes were newly identified. Such genomic characteristics
of SMF 134 with many protease and flavor-related
(lap and ggt) genes support its merits as a starter for soybean
fermentation. In addition, this first complete genome of
A. sojae will allow for further genetic studies to better understand
the production of various enzymes, including proteases,
LAPs, and GGTs, as well as other characteristics as a starter
mold for soybean fermentation.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Starter molds and multi-enzyme catalysis in koji fermentation of soy sauce brewing: A review
Yihao Liu, Guangru Sun, Jingyao Li, Peng Cheng, Qian Song, Wen Lv, Chunling Wang
Food Research International.2024; 184: 114273. CrossRef - Phenotypic, Genomic, and Transcriptomic Comparison of Industrial Aspergillus oryzae Used in Chinese and Japanese Soy Sauce: Analysis of Key Proteolytic Enzymes Produced by Koji Molds
Lijie Zhang, Le Kang, Yan Xu, Yanbin Yin
Microbiology Spectrum.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Characteristics of the soy sauce taste and koji enzyme profiles as affected by soybean traits
Yimin Chen, Mouming Zhao, Yunzi Feng
Food Bioscience.2023; 53: 102776. CrossRef - Comparative proteome and volatile metabolome analysis of Aspergillus oryzae 3.042 and Aspergillus sojae 3.495 during koji fermentation
Jingyao Li, Bin Liu, Xiaojuan Feng, Mengli Zhang, Tingting Ding, Yue Zhao, Chunling Wang
Food Research International.2023; 165: 112527. CrossRef - CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing for comparative genetic analysis related to soy sauce brewing in Aspergillus sojae industrial strains
Takayuki Igarashi, Takuya Katayama, Jun-ichi Maruyama
Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry.2023; 87(10): 1236. CrossRef - Untargeted metabolomic profiling of Aspergillus sojae 3.495 and Aspergillus oryzae 3.042 fermented soy sauce koji and effect on moromi fermentation flavor
Jingyao Li, Chengguo Sun, Zhanyu Shen, Yutong Tian, Fanghua Mo, Binghui Wang, Bin Liu, Chunling Wang
LWT.2023; 184: 115027. CrossRef - Identification of Virulence Factors in Entomopathogenic Aspergillus flavus Isolated from Naturally Infected Rhipicephalus microplus
Cesar A. Arreguin-Perez, Estefan Miranda-Miranda, Jorge Luis Folch-Mallol, Raquel Cossío-Bayúgar
Microorganisms.2023; 11(8): 2107. CrossRef - Are Current Aspergillus sojae Strains Originated from a Native Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus Species Population Also Present in California?
Perng-Kuang Chang, Sui Sheng T. Hua
Mycobiology.2023; 51(3): 139. CrossRef - Investigating the origin of subtelomeric and centromeric AT-rich elements in Aspergillus flavus
Arthur J. Lustig, Cecile Fairhead
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Whole-genome sequence of an
Aspergillus parasiticus
strain isolated from Kenyan soil
Alexandra Schamann, Rolf Geisen, Markus Schmidt-Heydt, Antonis Rokas
Microbiology Resource Announcements.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Ethno-microbiology of Tempe, an Indonesian fungal-fermented soybean food and Koji, a Japanese fungal starter culture
Jyoti P Tamang, Anu Anupma, Headstar Nakibapher Jones Shangpliang
Current Opinion in Food Science.2022; 48: 100912. CrossRef - Regulation of Conidiogenesis in Aspergillus flavus
He-Jin Cho, Sung-Hun Son, Wanping Chen, Ye-Eun Son, Inhyung Lee, Jae-Hyuk Yu, Hee-Soo Park
Cells.2022; 11(18): 2796. CrossRef - High molecular weight DNA extraction methods lead to high quality filamentous ascomycete fungal genome assemblies using Oxford Nanopore sequencing
Celine Petersen, Trine Sørensen, Klaus R. Westphal, Lavinia I. Fechete, Teis E. Sondergaard, Jens L. Sørensen, Kåre L. Nielsen
Microbial Genomics
.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Koji Molds for Japanese Soy Sauce Brewing: Characteristics and Key Enzymes
Kotaro Ito, Asahi Matsuyama
Journal of Fungi.2021; 7(8): 658. CrossRef
- Mixed starter of Lactococcus lactis and Leuconostoc citreum for extending kimchi shelf-life
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Mi-Ju Kim , Hae-Won Lee , Mo-Eun Lee , Seong Woon Roh , Tae-Woon Kim
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J. Microbiol. 2019;57(6):479-484. Published online May 27, 2019
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-9048-0
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49
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22
Web of Science
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25
Crossref
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Abstract
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To develop a starter culture system for improving the shelflife
and quality of kimchi, we prepared a mixed starter composed
of Lactococcus lactis and Leuconostoc citreum. Two
strains, L. lactis WiKim0098 and Leu. citreum WiKim0096,
showed high antimicrobial activity and mannitol productivity,
respectively. These lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were introduced
as a starter into kimchi following cultivation in foodgrade
liquid medium. Two kimchi samples, with and without
starter, were fermented for 12 days at 10°C. Compared to the
control kimchi without starter, a lower initial pH and higher
number of LAB were observed in kimchi with starter at 0 day.
However, the starter in kimchi prolonged the period taken by
kimchi to reach to pH 4.2 by approximately 1.5-fold compared
to that in the control kimchi. To estimate the effect of
the starter on the flavor of kimchi, metabolite changes were
evaluated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In starter
fermented kimchi, the levels of mannitol and amino acid,
which are associated with the flavor of kimchi, were increased
following fermentation. The amount of mannitol was confirmed
by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis,
showing concentrations of 3.4 and 5.1 mg/ml for the control
and starter fermented kimchi, respectively. Thus, mixed starter
inoculated with L. lactis WiKim0098 and Leu. citreum
WiKim0096 may extend the shelf-life of kimchi and improve
its sensory characteristics.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Community-level bioaugmentation results in enzymatic activity- and aroma-enhanced Daqu through altering microbial community structure and metabolic function
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Food Bioscience.2024; 57: 103630. CrossRef - Metabolic shift during fermentation in kimchi according to capsaicinoid concentration
Young Bae Chung, Sung Jin Park, Yun-Jeong Choi, Ye-Rang Yun, Mi-Ai Lee, Sung Hee Park, Sung Gi Min, Hye-Young Seo
Heliyon.2024; 10(2): e24441. CrossRef - Antibiotic Susceptibility and Technological Properties of Leuconostoc citreum for Selecting Starter Candidates
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Microorganisms.2024; 12(12): 2636. CrossRef - Rapid on-site detection of Leuconostoc citreum in commercially processed products using loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP) technique
Yoon-Soo Gwak, Hae-Yeong Kim, Mi-Ju Kim
Food Control.2024; 158: 110230. CrossRef - Flavor compound profiles and enhancement strategies in the kimchi-making process
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Food Bioscience.2024; 62: 105385. CrossRef - Combination approach of paired starter culture and lactic acid on inhibiting autochthonous lactic acid bacteria for extending kimchi shelf life
Chang Hee Jeong, Hye In Ko, Mo Eun Lee, Sung-Gi Min, Mi-Ai Lee, Tae-Woon Kim
Food Control.2024; 157: 110167. CrossRef - Effects of storage temperature on the diversity of white colony-forming yeast and correlations between bacterial and yeast communities in salted kimchi cabbage
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Food Science and Biotechnology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Exploring flavor perception through metabolite profiling and sensory approaches during starter kimchi fermentation
Moeun Lee, Daun Kim, In Min Hwang, Ji Yoon Chang
Food Bioscience.2024; 61: 104477. CrossRef - Changes in volatile flavor compounds of Kimchi cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) during salting and fermentation
Won Ho Seo, Youngsang You, Hyung Hee Baek
Food Science and Biotechnology.2024; 33(7): 1623. CrossRef - Combined Non-Thermal Microbial Inactivation Techniques to Enhance the Effectiveness of Starter Cultures for Kimchi Fermentation
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Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2024; 34(3): 622. CrossRef - Effect of five lactic acid bacteria on the flavor quality of fermented sweet potato juice
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Bacterial and Fungal Diversity in the Starter Production Process of Fen Liquor, a Traditional Chinese Liquor
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Xiao-Ran Li , En-Bo Ma , Liang-Zhen Yan , Han Meng , Xiao-Wei Du , Zhe-Xue Quan
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J. Microbiol. 2013;51(4):430-438. Published online August 30, 2013
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-013-2640-9
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Abstract
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Fermented foods and beverages are important parts of human diet. Fen liquor, a Chinese liquor is a fermented beverage that uses a traditional fermentation process. Starters are the main microbial source and also provide nutrients for microorganisms during fermentation. In this study, starters of Fen liquor were produced through a complex traditional fermentation process. To investigate the community structure and the composition of microorganisms in the starter production process, bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions were sequenced using clone libraries and pyrosequencing, respectively. There was much higher diversity among the bacteria than among the fungi in the starter production process. Bacteria on the surface of the starters belonged mostly to the Lactobacillaceae family, while members of the Bacillacae family were dominant in the interior of the samples that lacked access to air and water. In the fungi population, diversity was high only in the raw material. In all other samples, nearly all of the fungal sequences were from Pichia kudriavzevii, a member of the Saccharomycetaceae family. Nearly all samples showed similar fungal community structures, indicating that there was little change in the fungal community. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to reveal the whole process of the starter production of Chinese traditional liquor. The findings obtained in this study provide new insights into understanding the composition of the microbial community during the traditional Chinese liquor starter production process and information about the production process control and monitoring.