The oral cavity is one of the most important and complicated
habitats in our body and supports diverse microbial communities.
In this study, we aimed to determine the bacterial diversity
and composition of various oral micro-niches. Samples
were collected from supragingival plaque, saliva, and tongue
coating from 10 preschool children (30 samples total). 16S
rRNA gene pyrosequencing dataset generated 314,639 clean
reads with an average of 10,488 ± 2,787 reads per sample. The
phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes,
and Fusobacteria were predominant, accounting for
more than 90% of the total sequences. We found the highest
α diversity, microbial richness, and evenness in plaque, compared
with saliva and tongue coating. Plaque was also distinguished
from saliva and tongue coating by phylogenetic
distances (weighted UniFrac). Taxa with different relative
abundances were further identified, confirming the existence
of microbial differences across the three niches. Core microbiomes
were defined of each niche; however, only a small proportion
of operational taxonomic units (8.07%) were shared
by the three niches. Coaggregation between Actinomyces spp.
and Streptococcus spp. and other correlations among periodontal
pathogens, such as Prevotella, Fusobacteria, Capnocytophaga,
and Tannerella, were shown by a co-occurrence
network. In summary, our study provides a framework of oral
microbial communities in the population of preschool children
as a baseline for further studies of oral diseases related
to microbes.
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