Journal of Microbiology

Journal Articles

Recombinant baculovirus-based vaccine expressing M2 protein induces protective CD8+ T-cell immunity against respiratory syncytial virus infection: Jeong-Yoon Lee , Jun Chang; J. Microbiol. 2017;55(11):900-908. Published online October 27, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-017-7306-6

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Abstract: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of acute lower respiratory tract disease in infants, young children, immunocompromised individuals, and the elderly. However, despite ongoing efforts to develop an RSV vaccine, there is still no authorized RSV vaccine for humans. Baculovirus has attracted attention as a vaccine vector because of its ability to induce a high level of humoral and cellular immunity, low cytotoxicity against various antigens, and biological safety for humans. In this study, we constructed a recombinant baculovirus- based vaccine expressing the M2 protein of RSV under the control of cytomegalovirus promoter (Bac_RSVM2) to induce CD8+ T-cell responses which play an important role in viral clearance, and investigated its protective efficacy against RSV infection. Immunization with Bac_RSVM2 via intranasal or intramuscular route effectively elicited the specific CD8+ T-cell responses. Most notably, immunization with Bac_RSVM2 vaccine almost completely protected mice from RSV challenge without vaccine-enhanced immunopathology. In conclusion, these results suggest that Bac_RSVM2 vaccine employing the baculovirus delivery platform has promising potential to be developed as a safe and novel RSV vaccine that provides protection against RSV infection.

Coptidis Rhizoma extract inhibits replication of respiratory syncytial virus in vitro and in vivo by inducing antiviral state: Byeong-Hoon Lee , Kiramage Chathuranga , Md Bashir Uddin , Prasanna Weeratunga , Myun Soo Kim , Won-Kyung Cho , Hong Ik Kim , Jin Yeul Ma , Jong-Soo Lee; J. Microbiol. 2017;55(6):488-498. Published online May 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-017-7088-x

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28 Citations

Abstract: Coptidis Rhizoma is derived from the dried rhizome of Ranun-culaceous plants and is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. Although Coptidis Rhizoma is commonly used for its many therapeutic effects, antiviral activity against respi-ratory syncytial virus (RSV) has not been reported in detail. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral activities of Coptidis Rhizoma extract (CRE) against RSV in human respiratory tract cell line (HEp2) and BALB/c mice. An effective dose of CRE significantly reduces the replication of RSV in HEp2 cells and reduces the RSV-induced cell death. This antiviral activity against RSV was through the induction of type I inter-feron-related signaling and the antiviral state in HEp2 cells. More importantly, oral administration of CRE exhibited prophylactic effects in BALB/c mice against RSV. In HPLC analysis, we found the presence of several compounds in the aqueous fraction and among them; we confirmed that pal-matine was related to the antiviral properties and immune- modulation effect. Taken together, an extract of Coptidis Rhi-zoma and its components play roles as immunomodulators and could be a potential source as promising natural antivirals that can confer protection to RSV. These outcomes should encourage further allied studies in other natural products.

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

The effect of dietary bovine colostrum on respiratory syncytial virus infection and immune responses following the infection in the mouse: Mei Ling Xu , Hyoung Jin Kim , Ga Ram Wi , Hong-Jin Kim; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(9):661-666. Published online August 27, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-5353-4

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18 Citations

Abstract: Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the most common cause of respiratory tract infection among young children because of immature T cell immunity of them against hRSV. CD8 T cells play a pivotal role in clearing hRSV and preventing subsequent infection. We examined the effects of dietary bovine colostrum on virus infection and CD8 T cell responses following hRSV infection in the mouse model. Mice received bovine colostrum for 14 days prior to hRSV challenge, and lung indexes (severity of symptom) and lung virus titers were analyzed. In addition, the activation of CD8 T cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) of mice receiving bovine colostrum were compared with those in the BALFs of mice receiving phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or ribavirin, post virus challenge. The severity of infection and lung virus titers were reduced in the mice receiving bovine colostrum, compared to those receiving PBS. Moreover CD8 T cell responses were selectively enhanced in the former. Our results suggest that dietary bovine colostrum exerts the effects to inhibit hRSV and ameliorate the symptom by hRSV infection, and enhances the CD8 T cell response during the hRSV infection.

Journal Article

Role of a Third Extracellular Domain of an Ecotropic Receptor in Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus Infection: Eun Hye Bae , Sung-Han Park , Yong-Tae Jung; J. Microbiol. 2006;44(4):447-452.; DOI: https://doi.org/2407 [pii]

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Abstract: The murine ecotropic retroviral receptor has been demonstrated to function as a mouse cationic amino acid transporter 1 (mCAT1), and is comprised of multiple membranespanning domains. Feral mouse (Mus dunni) cells are not susceptible to infection by the ecotropic Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV), although they can be infected by other ecotropic murine leukemia viruses, including Friend MLV and Rauscher MLV. The relative inability of MoMLV to replicate in M. dunni cells has been attributed to two amino acids (V214 and G236) located within the third extracellular loop of the M. dunni CAT1 receptor (dCAT1). Via the exchange of the third extracellular loop of the mCAT1 cDNA encoding receptor from the permissive mouse and the corresponding portion of cDNA encoding for the nonpermissive M. dunni receptor, we have identified the most critical amino acid residue, which is a glycine located at position 236 within the third extracellular loop of dCAT1. We also attempted to determine the role of the third extracellular loop of the M. dunni CAT1 receptor with regard to the formation of the syncytium. The relationship between dCAT1 and virus-induced syncytia was suggested initially by our previous identification of two MLV isolates (S82F in Moloney and S84A in Friend MLV), both of which are uniquely cytopathic in M. dunni cells. In an attempt to determine the relationship existing between dCAT1 and the virally-induced syncytia, we infected 293-dCAT1 or chimeric dCAT1 cells with the S82F pseudotype virus. The S82F pseudotype virus did not induce the formation of syncytia, but did show increased susceptibility to 293 cells expressing dCAT1. The results of our study indicate that S82F-induced syncytium formation may be the result of cell-cell fusion, but not virus-cell fusion.

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