Journal of Microbiology

Review

cAMP receptor proteins in mycobacteria: Jeong-Il Oh, Yuna Oh, Yupin Hwang; J. Microbiol. 2026;64(10):e2607013. Published online October 31, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2607013

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Abstract PDF: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling is a major regulatory system in mycobacteria, and the cAMP receptor protein (CRP) serves as its principal transcriptional effector. In Mycobacterium tuberculosis, CRP controls a broad regulon associated with metabolic adaptation, respiration, cell envelope-associated processes, dormancy-related resuscitation, and virulence. Structural and biophysical studies have demonstrated that mycobacterial CRPs differ from the classical Escherichia coli paradigm: apo-CRP adopts restrained or asymmetric conformations, whereas cAMP binding promotes a more symmetric, DNA-binding-competent state and enhances the specificity of CRP-DNA interactions. In Mycobacterium smegmatis, the major paralog Crp1 (MSMEG_6189) regulates metabolic and respiratory adaptation, oxidative stress defense, and isoniazid susceptibility, whereas Crp2 (MSMEG_0539) appears to play a more limited or subsidiary role. Recent findings further reveal that CRP activity is modulated by lysine acetylation, cooperative promoter recruitment with the virulence-associated response regulator PhoP, and respiratory inhibition-induced increases in intracellular cAMP, thereby linking metabolic and respiratory status to adaptive and virulence-associated gene regulation. This review summarizes the structure, allosteric regulation, regulon, and physiological functions of mycobacterial CRPs, highlighting their role as central integrators of cAMP signaling, respiratory and metabolic state, persistence-associated physiology, and antibiotic susceptibility.

Review

Reverse Zoonotic Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and Monkeypox Virus: A Comprehensive Review: Chiranjib Chakraborty, Manojit Bhattacharya, Md Aminul Islam, Hatem Zayed, Elijah Ige Ohimain, Sang-Soo Lee, Prosun Bhattacharya, Kuldeep Dhama; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(5):337-354. Published online May 23, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00138-9

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Reverse zoonosis reveals the process of transmission of a pathogen through the human-animal interface and the spillback of the zoonotic pathogen. In this article, we methodically demonstrate various aspects of reverse zoonosis, with a comprehensive discussion of SARS-CoV-2 and MPXV reverse zoonosis. First, different components of reverse zoonosis, such as humans, different pathogens, and numerous animals (poultry, livestock, pets, wild animals, and zoo animals), have been demonstrated. Second, it explains the present status of reverse zoonosis with different pathogens during previous occurrences of various outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. Here, we present 25 examples from literature. Third, using several examples, we comprehensively illustrate the present status of the reverse zoonosis of SARS-CoV-2 and MPXV. Here, we have provided 17 examples of SARS-CoV-2 reverse zoonosis and two examples of MPXV reverse zoonosis. Fourth, we have described two significant aspects of reverse zoonosis: understanding the fundamental aspects of spillback and awareness. These two aspects are required to prevent reverse zoonosis from the current infection with two significant viruses. Finally, the One Health approach was discussed vividly, where we urge scientists from different areas to work collaboratively to solve the issue of reverse zoonosis.

Citations

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Environmental degradation as a recipe for emerging viral diseases: implications for global health
Shuaibu Abdullahi Hudu, Abdulgafar Olayiwola Jimoh, Syafinaz Amin-Nordin, Sharifah Syed Hassan
One Health Outlook.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Phylogenetic analyses of the spread of Clade I MPOX in African and non-African nations
Chiranjib Chakraborty, Manojit Bhattacharya, Arpita Das, Ali S. Abdelhameed
Virus Genes.2025; 61(3): 265. CrossRef
Efficient and modular reverse genetics system for rapid generation of recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Sojung Bae, Jinjong Myoung
Journal of Microbiology.2025; 63(7): e2504015. CrossRef
Real-time malaria detection in the Amazon rainforest via drone-collected eDNA and portable qPCR
Yin Cheong Aden Ip, Luca Montemartini, Jia Jin Marc Chang, Andrea Desiderato, Nicolás D. Franco-Sierra, Christian Geckeler, Mailyn Adriana Gonzalez Herrera, Michele Gregorini, Meret Jucker, Steffen Kirchgeorg, Martina Lüthi, Elvira Mächler, Frederik Bendi
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Mostafa Haghi, Samira Abani, Soheil Khooyooz, Anice Jahanjoo, Samaneh Rashidibajgan, Nima TaheriNejad, Thomas M. Deserno, Holger Volk
Frontiers in Digital Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Development of a multiplex real-time PCR for the simultaneous detection of monkeypox virus clades I, II, and goatpox virus
Yongqiang Lin, Zijing Guo, Jinsong Chen, Xianwen Zhang, Long Zhou, Yanmin Li, Zhidong Zhang
Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Differential Impact of Spike Protein Mutations on SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity and Immune Evasion: Insights from Delta and Kappa Variants
Tae-Hun Kim, Sojung Bae, Jinjong Myoung
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Article

Vaccine Development for Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Dogs: Seok-Chan Park, Da-Eun Jeong, Sun-Woo Han, Joon-Seok Chae, Joo-Yong Lee, Hyun-Sook Kim, Bumseok Kim, Jun-Gu Kang; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(4):327-335. Published online April 18, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00119-y

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Abstract PDF

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a life-threatening viral zoonosis. The causative agent of this disease is the Dabie bandavirus, which is usually known as the SFTS virus (SFTSV). Although the role of vertebrates in SFTSV transmission to humans remains uncertain, some reports have suggested that dogs could potentially transmit SFTSV to humans. Consequently, preventive measures against SFTSV in dogs are urgently needed. In the present study, dogs were immunized three times at two-week intervals with formaldehyde-inactivated SFTSV with two types of adjuvants. SFTSV (KCD46) was injected into all dogs two weeks after the final immunization. Control dogs showed viremia from 2 to 4 days post infection (dpi), and displayed white pulp atrophy in the spleen, along with a high level of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling assay (TUNEL) positive area. However, the inactivated SFTSV vaccine groups exhibited rare pathological changes and significantly reduced TUNEL positive areas in the spleen. Furthermore, SFTSV viral loads were not detected at any of the tested dpi. Our results indicate that both adjuvants can be safely used in combination with an inactivated SFTSV formulation to induce strong neutralizing antibodies. Inactivated SFTSV vaccines effectively prevent pathogenicity and viremia in dogs infected with SFTSV. In conclusion, our study highlighted the potential of inactivated SFTSV vaccination for SFTSV control in dogs.

Citations

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Clinical characteristics of two companion canines with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (Bandavirus dabieense) in Seoul, Republic of Korea
Hye-Ryung Byun, Seong-Ryeong Ji, Jeong-Yeon Hwang, So-Yoon Lee, Joon-Seok Chae
Veterinary Research Communications.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Targeting the lethal weakness of SFTSV: Latest advances in antiviral strategies and immune prevention
Ruiqi Weng, Hao Wu, Yutong Xu, Zhiyi Wang, Siyi Gu, Keda Chen
iScience.2026; 29(4): 115154. CrossRef
Vaccine value profile for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS)
Laura Skrip, Arata Hidano, Yong Poovorawan, Sarawut Khongwichit, Hirofumi Kato, Sebastian Kapell, Motoharu Abe, Sung-mok Jung, Mark Jit, Kye-Hyung Kim, Jongyoun Yi, Taiga Miyazaki, Takeshi Kawaguchi, Tamaki Okabayashi, Joon-Seok Chae, Koya Ariyoshi, W. Jo
Vaccine.2026; 82: 128596. CrossRef
Efficacy of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome vaccines in animal models: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Eric Sibomana, Eurade Ntakiyisumba, Fabrice Hirwa, Maryum Tanveer, Noutlady Inthavong, Jaime C. Cabarles, John Hwa Lee, Gayeon Won
Frontiers in Microbiology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
The immunogenicity and protection efficacy evaluation of mRNA vaccine candidate for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in mice
Da-Eun Jeong, Jack Yoon, Baek Kim, Jun-Gu Kang, Abdallah M. Samy
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2025; 19(4): e0012999. CrossRef
Efficient and modular reverse genetics system for rapid generation of recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Sojung Bae, Jinjong Myoung
Journal of Microbiology.2025; 63(7): e2504015. CrossRef
Current status of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in China (Review)
Hao Sun, Quanman Hu, Saiwei Lu, Yanyan Yang, Li Zhang, Jinzhao Long, Yuefei Jin, Haiyan Yang, Shuaiyin Chen, Guangcai Duan
International Journal of Molecular Medicine.2025; 56(5): 1. CrossRef
Domain-Specific Impacts of Spike Protein Mutations on Infectivity and Antibody Escape in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1
Tae-Hun Kim, Sojung Bae, Jinjong Myoung
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

Article

Microbial co-occurrence network in the rhizosphere microbiome: its association with physicochemical properties and soybean yield at a regional scale: Sarbjeet Niraula , Meaghan Rose , Woo-Suk Chang; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(10):986-997. Published online September 27, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2363-x

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Abstract PDF

Microbial communities in the rhizosphere play a crucial role in determining plant growth and crop yield. A few studies have been performed to evaluate the diversity and co-occurrence patterns of rhizosphere microbiomes in soybean (Glycine max) at a regional scale. Here, we used a culture-independent
method
to compare the bacterial communities of the soybean rhizosphere between Nebraska (NE), a high-yield state, and Oklahoma (OK), a low-yield state. It is well known that the rhizosphere microbiome is a subset of microbes that ultimately get colonized by microbial communities from the surrounding bulk soil. Therefore, we hypothesized that differences in the soybean yield are attributed to the variations in the rhizosphere microbes at taxonomic, functional, and community levels. In addition, soil physicochemical properties were also evaluated from each sampling site for comparative study. Our result showed that distinct clusters were formed between NE and OK in terms of their soil physicochemical property. Among 3 primary nutrients (i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), potassium is more positively correlated with the high-yield state NE samples. We also attempted to identify keystone communities that significantly affected the soybean yield using co-occurrence network patterns. Network analysis revealed that communities formed distinct clusters in which members of modules having significantly positive correlations with the soybean yield were more abundant in NE than OK. In addition, we identified the most influential bacteria for the soybean yield in the identified modules. For instance, included are class Anaerolineae, family Micromonosporaceae, genus Plantomyces, and genus Nitrospira in the most complex module (ME9) and genus Rhizobium in ME23. This research would help to further identify a way to increase soybean yield in low-yield states in the U.S. as well as worldwide by reconstructing the microbial communities in the rhizosphere.

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Interaction of soil microbial communities with soil nutrients, enzymes activity, and allelopathic compounds in flue-cured tobacco continuous monocropping field
Yihong Pan, Tiyuan Xia, Qiulian Peng, Kun Huang, Lijuan Zhou, Guohuan Xiong
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Yong Liu, Xiaofang Sun, Jia Lai, Shugu Wei, Yuzhen Sheng, Yinchao Zhang, Qianfang Zhang, Pengsheng Ye, Ling Huang, Hualan Zeng
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Chenpeng Gao, Guigui Wan, Ruifeng Cheng, Quansheng Li, Qinglu Fan, Jinxia Cui, Linnan Wu
Plants.2026; 15(10): 1545. CrossRef
Role of rhizosphere specific microbiome in enhancing soybean productivity across contrasting soil and crop management systems
Prem Ranjan, Diptimayhee Das, Vindhya Bundela, Aketi Ramesh, Rakesh Kumar Verma, Raghavendra Nargund, Urmila Manandhar, Rhae Drijber, Rakesh K. Upadhyay, Mahaveer Prasad Sharma
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Paddy soils with contrasting rice yields harbor distinct microbial networks and candidate key microbes
Do-Hyun Kim, Sang Yoon Kim, Yeomyeong Lee, Sohee Yoon, Hyerin An, Yu-Na Jeon, Jaekyeong Song, Sujin Kim, Jung Seon Kim, Gyeongjun Cho
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Abhishek Trivedi, Jacob A. Miratsky, Emma C. Henderson, Abhishek Singharoy, Abhishek Shrivastava, Clay Fuqua
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Benoit Renaud Martins, Viviane Radl, Krzysztof Treder, Dorota Michałowska, Karin Pritsch, Michael Schloter
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Meiyan Jiang, Fei Yao, Yunshu Yang, Yang Zhou, Kai Hou, Yinyin Chen, Dongju Feng, Wei Wu
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Long-term fertilization coupled with rhizobium inoculation promotes soybean yield and alters soil bacterial community composition
Wanling Wei, Dawei Guan, Mingchao Ma, Xin Jiang, Fenliang Fan, Fangang Meng, Li Li, Baisuo Zhao, Yubin Zhao, Fengming Cao, Huijun Chen, Jun Li
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Review

Transcriptional control of sexual development in Cryptococcus neoformans: Matthew E. Mead , Christina M. Hull; J. Microbiol. 2016;54(5):339-346. Published online April 20, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-6080-1

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Abstract PDF

Developmental processes are essential for the normal life cycles of many pathogenic fungi, and they can facilitate survival in challenging environments, including the human host. Sexual development of the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans not only produces infectious particles (spores) but has also enabled the evolution of new disease-related traits such as drug resistance. Transcription factor networks are essential to the development and pathogenesis of C. neoformans, and a variety of sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins control both key developmental transitions and virulence by regulating the expression of their target genes. In this review we discuss the roles of known transcription factors that harbor important connections to both development and virulence. Recent studies of these transcription factors have identified a common theme in which metabolic, stress, and other responses that are required for sexual development appear to have been co-opted for survival in the human host, thus facilitating pathogenesis. Future work elucidating the connection between development and pathogenesis will provide vital insights into the evolution of complex traits in eukaryotes as well as mechanisms that may be used to combat fungal pathogens.

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Sheng Sun, Marco A. Coelho, Márcia David-Palma, Shelby J. Priest, Joseph Heitman
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Review

Histone deacetylase-mediated morphological transition in Candida albicans: Jueun Kim , Ji-Eun Lee , Jung-Shin Lee; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(12):805-811. Published online December 2, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-5488-3

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Abstract PDF

Candida albicans is the most common opportunistic fungal pathogen, which switches its morphology from single-cell yeast to filament through the various signaling pathways responding to diverse environmental cues. Various transcriptional factors such as Nrg1, Efg1, Brg1, Ssn6, and Tup1 are the key components of these signaling pathways. Since C. albicans can regulate its transcriptional gene expressions using common eukaryotic regulatory systems, its morphological transition by these signaling pathways could be linked to the epigenetic regulation by chromatin structure modifiers. Histone proteins, which are critical components of eukaryotic chromatin structure, can regulate the eukaryotic chromatin structure through their own modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitylation. Recent studies revealed that various histone modifications, especially histone acetylation and deacetylation, participate in morphological transition of C. albicans collaborating with well-known transcription factors in the signaling pathways. Here, we review recent studies about chromatin-mediated morphological transition of C. albicans focusing on the interaction between transcription factors in the signaling pathways and histone deacetylases.

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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Negative regulation of the vacuole-mediated resistance to K+ stress by a novel C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor encoded by aslA in Aspergillus nidulans: Dong Soo Park , Yeong Man Yu , Yong Jin Kim , Pil Jae Maeng; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(2):100-110. Published online January 28, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-4701-8

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Abstract PDF

In fungi and plants, vacuoles function as a storage and sequestration vessel for a wide variety of ions and are responsible for cytosolic ion homeostasis and responses to ionic shock. In the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans, however, little is known about the molecular genetic mechanisms of vacuolar biogenesis and function. In the present study, we analyzed the function of the aslA gene (AN5583) encoding a novel C2H2-type zinc finger transcription factor (TF) in relation to K+ stress resistance, vacuolar morphology, and vacuolar transporters. The mutant lacking aslA showed increased mycelial growth and decreased branching at high K+ concentrations. Deletion of aslA also caused elevated K+ stress-inducible expression of the genes, nhxA (AN2288), vnxA (AN6986), and vcxA (AN0471), encoding putative endosomal and vacuolar cation/H+ exchangers, as well as cpyA and vpsA genes encoding the proteins involved in vacuolar biogenesis. Interestingly, vacuolar fragmentation induced by K+ stress was alleviated by aslA deletion, resulting in persistence of unfragmented vacuoles. In the presence of bafilomycin, an inhibitor of vacuolar H+-ATPase, the mutant phenotype was suppressed in terms of growth rates and vacuolar morphology. These results together suggest that the C2H2- type zinc finger TF AslA attenuates the K+ stress-inducible expression of the genes encoding the ion pumps involved in vacuolar sequestration of K+ ions powered by vacuolar H+- ATPase, as well as the proteins that function in vacuolar biogenesis.

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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

A Putative APSES Transcription Factor Is Necessary for Normal Growth and Development of Aspergillus nidulans: Ji-Yeon Lee , Lee-Han Kim , Ha-Eun Kim , Jae-Sin Park , Kap-Hoon Han , Dong-Min Han; J. Microbiol. 2013;51(6):800-806. Published online December 19, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-013-3100-2

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Abstract PDF

The nsdD gene encoding a GATA type transcription factor positively controls sexual development in Aspergillus nidulans. According to microarray data, 20 genes that were upregulated by deleting nsdD during various life cycle stages were randomly selected and deleted for functional analysis. None of the mutants showed apparent changes in growth or development compared with those of the wild-type except the AN3154 gene that encodes a putative APSES transcription factor and is an ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae swi4. Deleting AN3154 resulted in retarded growth and development, and the gene was named rgdA (retared growth and development). The rgdA deletion mutant developed a reduced number of conidia even under favorable conditions for asexual development. The retarded growth and development was partially suppressed by the veA1 mutation. The conidial heads of the mutant aborted, showing reduced and irregular shaped phialides. Fruiting body development was delayed compared with that in the wild-type. The mutant did not respond to various nutritional or environmental factors that affected the development patterns. The rgdA gene was expressed at low levels throughout the life cycle and was not significantly affected by several regulators of sexual and asexual development such as nsdD, veA, stuA, or brlA. However, the rgdA gene affected brlA and abaA expression, which function as key regulators of asexual sporulation, suggesting that rgdA functions upstream of those genes.

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