The gut microbiome of captive primates can provide a window
into their health and disease status. The diversity and
composition of gut microbiota are influenced by not only
host phylogeny, but also host diet. Old World monkeys (Cercopithecidae)
are divided into two subfamilies: Cercopithecinae
and Colobinae. The diet and physiological digestive features
differ between these two subfamilies. Accordingly, highthroughput
sequencing was used to examine gut microbiota
differences between these two subfamilies, using data from
29 Cercopithecinae individuals and 19 Colobinae individuals
raised in captivity. Through a comparative analysis of operational
taxonomic units (OTUs), significant differences in the
diversity and composition of gut microbiota were observed
between Cercopithecinae and Colobinae. In particular, the gut
microbiota of captive Old World monkeys clustered strongly
by the two subfamilies. The Colobinae microbial diversity was
higher than that of Cercopithecinae. Additionally, Firmicutes,
Lactobacillaceae, Veillonellaceae, and Prevotella abundance
were higher in Cercopithecinae, while Bacteroidetes, Ruminococcaceae,
Christensenellaceae, Bacteroidaceae, and Acidaminococcaceae
abundance were higher in Colobinae. PICRUSt
analysis revealed that the predicted metagenomes of metabolic
pathways associated with proteins, carbohydrates, and
amino acids were significantly higher in Colobinae. In the
context of host phylogeny, these differences between Cercopithecinae
and Colobinae could reflect adaptations associated
with their respective diets. This well-organized dataset is a
valuable resource for future related research on primates and
gut microbiota. Moreover, this study may provide useful insight
into animal management practices and primate conservation.
Strain KSNA2T, a Gram-negative, moderately halophilic, facultatively
anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, was isolated
from the surface-sterilized stem tissue of a beach morning
glory (Calystegia soldanella) plant in Chuja Island, Jejudo,
Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S
rRNA gene and whole-genome sequences revealed that strain
KSNA2T formed a distinct lineage within the family Enterobacteriaceae,
with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity
to Izhakiella australiensis KCTC 72143T (96.2%) and
Izhakiella capsodis KCTC 72142T (96.0%), exhibited 95.5–
95.9% similarity to other genera in the family Enterobacteriaceae
and Erwiniaceae. Conserved signature indels analysis
elucidated that strain KSNA2T was delimited into family
Enterobacteriaceae. KSNA2T genome comprises a circular
chromosome of 5,182,800 bp with 56.1% G + C content. Digital
DNA-DNA relatedness levels between strain KSNA2T
and 18 closely related species were 19.3 to 21.1%. Average
nucleotide identity values were between 72.0 and 76.7%.
Growth of strain KSNA2T was observed at 4 to 45°C (optimum,
25°C) and pH 5.0 to 12.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) in the
presence of 0 to 11% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0–7%). The major
cellular fatty acids (> 10%) were C16:0 followed by summed
feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c), summed feature
3 (C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c), C17:0 cyclo, and C14:0. The major
isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). With combined
phylogenetic, genomic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic
features, strain KSNA2T represents a novel species of
a new genus in the family Enterobacteriaceae, for which the
name Jejubacter calystegiae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed.
The type strain is KSNA2T (= KCTC 72234T = CCTCC AB
2019098T).