Journal Article
- Furan-based Chalcone Annihilates the Multi-Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Protects Zebra Fish Against its Infection
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Santosh Pushpa Ramya Ranjan Nayak , Catharine Basty , Seenivasan Boopathi , Loganathan Sumathi Dhivya , Khaloud Mohammed Alarjani , Mohamed Ragab Abdel Gawwad , Raghda Hager , Muthu Kumaradoss Kathiravan , Jesu Arockiaraj
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J. Microbiol. 2024;62(2):75-89. Published online February 21, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00103-6
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Abstract
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The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a multi-drug-resistant bacteria, is becoming a serious
public health concern. This bacterium infects immunocompromised patients and has a high fatality rate. Both naturally and
synthetically produced chalcones are known to have a wide array of biological activities. The antibacterial properties of
synthetically produced chalcone were studied against P. aeruginosa. In vitro, study of the compound (chalcone derivative
named DKO1), also known as (2E)-1-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl) prop-2-en-1-one, had substantial antibacterial
and biofilm disruptive action. DKO1 effectively shielded against P. aeruginosa-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid
peroxidation, and apoptosis in zebrafish larvae. In adult zebrafish, the treatment enhanced the chances of survivability and
reduced the sickness-like behaviors. Gene expression, biochemical analysis, and histopathology studies found that proinflammatory
cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS) were down regulated; antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase
(SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels increased, and histoarchitecture was restored in zebrafish. The data indicate that DKO1 is
an effective antibacterial agent against P. aeruginosa demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo.
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- Chalcone derivative enhance poultry meat preservation through quorum sensing inhibition against Salmonella (Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi) contamination
S.P. Ramya Ranjan Nayak, Pratik Pohokar, Anamika Das, L.S. Dhivya, Mukesh Pasupuleti, Ilavenil Soundharrajan, Bader O. Almutairi, Kathiravan Muthu Kumaradoss, Jesu Arockiaraj
Food Control.2025; 171: 111155. CrossRef - Harnessing Cyclic di-GMP Signaling: A Strategic Approach to Combat Bacterial Biofilm-Associated Chronic Infections
P. Snega Priya, Ramu Meenatchi, Mukesh Pasupuleti, S. Karthick Raja Namasivayam, Jesu Arockiaraj
Current Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Targeted inhibition of PqsR in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 quorum-sensing network by chalcones as promising antibacterial compounds
Negin Arami, Amineh Sadat Tajani, Maryam Hashemi, Tahoura Rezaei, Razieh Ghodsi, Vahid Soheili, Bibi Sedigheh Fazly Bazzaz
Molecular Biology Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Exposure to bisphenol A and sodium nitrate found in processed meat induces endocrine disruption and dyslipidemia through PI3K/AKT/SREBP pathway in zebrafish larvae
S. P. Ramya Ranjan Nayak, Anamika Das, Karthikeyan Ramamurthy, Mukesh Pasupuleti, Rajakrishnan Rajagopal, Jesu Arockiaraj
The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry.2025; : 109887. CrossRef - Testing of Anti-EMT, Anti-Inflammatory and Antibacterial Activities of 2′,4′-Dimethoxychalcone
Peiling Zhao, Mengzhen Xu, Kai Gong, Kaihui Lu, Chen Ruan, Xin Yu, Jiang Zhu, Haixing Guan, Qingjun Zhu
Pharmaceuticals.2024; 17(5): 653. CrossRef - Furan-based chalcone protects β-cell damage and improves glucose uptake in alloxan-induced zebrafish diabetic model via influencing Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor agonists (PPAR-γ) signaling
S.P. Ramya Ranjan Nayak, B. Haridevamuthu, Raghul Murugan, L.S. Dhivya, S. Venkatesan, Mikhlid H. Almutairi, Bader O. Almutairi, M.K. Kathiravan, S. Karthick Raja Namasivayam, Jesu Arockiaraj
Process Biochemistry.2024; 142: 149. CrossRef - Protective role of 2-aminothiazole derivative against ethanol-induced teratogenic effects in-vivo zebrafish
S. Madesh, Gokul Sudhakaran, Karthikeyan Ramamurthy, Avra Sau, Kathiravan Muthu Kumaradoss, Mikhlid H. Almutairi, Bader O. Almutairi, Senthilkumar Palaniappan, Jesu Arockiaraj
Biochemical Pharmacology.2024; 230: 116601. CrossRef - Tissue damage alleviation and mucin inhibition by P5 in a respiratory infection mouse model with multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Jun Hee Oh, Jonggwan Park, Hee Kyoung Kang, Hee Joo Park, Yoonkyung Park
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2024; 181: 117724. CrossRef - Toxicity and therapeutic property of dioxopiperidin derivative SKT40 demonstrated in-vivo zebrafish model due to inflammatory bowel disease
B. Aswinanand, S.P. Ramya Ranjan Nayak, S. Madesh, Suthi Subbarayudu, S. Kaliraj, Rajakrishnan Rajagopal, Ahmed Alfarhan, Muthu Kumaradoss Kathiravan, Jesu Arockiaraj
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology.2024; 284: 109990. CrossRef
Review
- Current status and perspectives on vaccine development against dengue virus infection
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Jisang Park , Ju Kim , Yong-Suk Jang
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J. Microbiol. 2022;60(3):247-254. Published online February 14, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1625-y
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Abstract
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Dengue virus (DENV) consists of four serotypes in the family
Flaviviridae and is a causative agent of dengue fever, dengue
hemorrhagic fever, and dengue shock syndrome. DENV is
transmitted by mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus,
and is mainly observed in areas where vector mosquitoes live.
The number of dengue cases reported by the World Health
Organization increased more than 8-fold over the last two
decades from 505,430 in 2000 to over 2.4 million in 2010 to
5.2 million in 2019. Although vaccine is the most effective
method
against DENV, only one commercialized vaccine exists,
and it cannot be administered to children under 9 years of
age. Currently, many researchers are working to resolve the
various problems hindering the development of effective dengue
vaccines; understanding of the viral antigen configuration
would provide insight into the development of effective
vaccines against DENV infection. In this review, the current
status and perspectives on effective vaccine development for
DENV are examined. In addition, a plausible direction for
effective vaccine development against DENV is suggested.
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Ju Kim, Tae Young Lim, Jisang Park, Yong-Suk Jang
Journal of Microbiology.2023; 61(1): 131. CrossRef - Prevalence of dengue fever in Saudi Arabia: Jeddah as a case study
Hanan S. Alyahya
Entomological Research.2023; 53(12): 539. CrossRef - Biological Functions and Utilization of Different Part of the Papaya: A Review
Mingyue Jiao, Chao Liu, M.A. Prieto, Xiaoming Lu, Wenfu Wu, Jinyue Sun, P. García-Oliveira, Xiaozhen Tang, Jianbo Xiao, Jesus Simal-Gandara, Dagang Hu, Ningyang Li
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Journal Article
- Potent antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of TICbf-14, a peptide with increased stability against trypsin
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Liping Wang , Xiaoyun Liu , Xinyue Ye , Chenyu Zhou , Wenxuan Zhao , Changlin Zhou , Lingman Ma
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J. Microbiol. 2022;60(1):89-99. Published online December 29, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1368-9
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65
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Abstract
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The poor stability of peptides against trypsin largely limits
their development as potential antibacterial agents. Here, to
obtain a peptide with increased trypsin stability and potent
antibacterial activity, TICbf-14 derived from the cationic peptide
Cbf-14 was designed by the addition of disulfide-bridged
hendecapeptide (CWTKSIPPKPC) loop. Subsequently, the
trypsin stability and antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities
of this peptide were evaluated. The possible mechanisms underlying
its mode of action were also clarified. The results
showed that TICbf-14 exhibited elevated trypsin inhibitory
activity and effectively mitigated lung histopathological damage
in bacteria-infected mice by reducing the bacterial counts,
further inhibiting the systemic dissemination of bacteria and
host inflammation. Additionally, TICbf-14 significantly repressed
bacterial swimming motility and notably inhibited
biofilm formation. Considering the mode of action, we observed
that TICbf-14 exhibited a potent membrane-disruptive
mechanism, which was attributable to its destructive effect
on ionic bridges between divalent cations and LPS of the bacterial
membrane. Overall, TICbf-14, a bifunctional peptide
with both antimicrobial and trypsin inhibitory activity, is
highly likely to become an ideal candidate for drug development
against bacteria.
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- Modified polymeric biomaterials with antimicrobial and immunomodulating properties
Katarzyna Szałapata, Mateusz Pięt, Martyna Kasela, Marcin Grąz, Justyna Kapral-Piotrowska, Aleksandra Mordzińska-Rak, Elżbieta Samorek, Paulina Pieniądz, Jolanta Polak, Monika Osińska-Jaroszuk, Roman Paduch, Bożena Pawlikowska-Pawlęga, Anna Malm, Anna Jar
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Reviews
- MINIREVIEW] Importance of differential identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains for understanding differences in their prevalence, treatment efficacy, and vaccine development
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Hansong Chae , Sung Jae Shin
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J. Microbiol. 2018;56(5):300-311. Published online May 2, 2018
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-8041-3
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50
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19
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Abstract
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Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(Mtb), remains a serious global health problem in the 21st
century because of its high mortality. Mtb is an extremely
successful human-adapted pathogen that displays a multifactorial
ability to control the host immune response and to
evade killing by drugs, resulting in the breakdown of BCG
vaccine-conferred anti-TB immunity and development of
multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant
(XDR) Mtb. Although genetic components of the genomes
of the Mtb complex strains are highly conserved, showing
over 99% similarity to other bacterial genera, recently accumulated
evidence suggests that the genetic diversity of the
Mtb complex strains has implications for treatment outcomes,
development of MDR/XDR Mtb, BCG vaccine efficacy,
transmissibility, and epidemiological outbreaks. Thus, new
insights into the pathophysiological features of the Mtb complex
strains are required for development of novel vaccines
and for control of MDR/XDR Mtb infection, eventually leading
to refinement of treatment regimens and the health care
system. Many studies have focused on the differential identification
of Mtb complex strains belonging to different lineages
because of differences in their virulence and geographical
dominance. In this review, we discuss the impact of
differing genetic characteristics among Mtb complex strains
on vaccine efficacy, treatment outcome, development of MDR/
XDR Mtb strains, and epidemiological outbreaks by focusing
on the best-adapted human Mtb lineages. We further
explore the rationale for differential identification of Mtb
strains for more effective control of TB in clinical and laboratory
settings by scrutinizing current diagnostic methods.
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- Assistance of next-generation sequencing for diagnosis of disseminated Bacillus Calmette-Guerin disease with X-SCID in an infant: a case report and literature review
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- MINIREVIEW] Cure of tuberculosis using nanotechnology: An overview
-
Rout George Kerry , Sushanto Gouda , Bikram Sil , Gitishree Das , Han-Seung Shin , Gajanan Ghodake , Jayanta Kumar Patra
-
J. Microbiol. 2018;56(5):287-299. Published online May 2, 2018
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-7414-y
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47
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Abstract
-
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis
(TB), a major health issue of the present era. The bacterium
inhabits the host macrophage and other immune cells
where it modulates the lysosome trafficking protein, hinders
the formation of phagolysosome, and blocks the TNF receptor-
dependent apoptosis of host macrophage/monocytes.
Other limitations such as resistance to and low bioavailability
and bio-distribution of conventional drugs aid to their high
virulence and human mortality. This review highlights the
use of nanotechnology-based approaches for drug formulation
and delivery which could open new avenues to limit the
pathogenicity of tuberculosis. Moreover phytochemicals, such
as alkaloids, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids,
extracted from terrestrial plants and mangroves seem
promising against M. tuberculosis through different molecular
mechanisms. Further understanding of the genomics
and proteomics of this pathogenic microbe could also help
overcome various research gaps in the path of developing a
suitable therapy against tuberculosis.
-
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Journal Articles
- Bedaquiline susceptibility test for totally drug-resistant tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Ji-Chan Jang , Yong-Gyun Jung , Jungil Choi , Hyunju Jung , Sungweon Ryoo
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J. Microbiol. 2017;55(6):483-487. Published online April 20, 2017
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-017-6630-1
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45
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Abstract
-
This study aimed to provide information that bedaquilline is significantly effective for treatment of totally drug resistant (TDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis that shows resistant to all first- and second-line drugs-using an innovative disc agarose channel (DAC) system. Time-lapse images of single bacterial cells under culture conditions with different concentrations of bedaquiline were analysed by image processing software to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Bedaquiline inhibited the growth of TDR M. tuberculosis strains, with MIC values ranging from 0.125 to 0.5 mg/L. The results of the present study demonstrate that bedaquiline, newly approved by the United States Food and Drug Admi-nistration (FDA), may offer therapeutic solutions for TDR -TB.
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Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology.2022; 75: 103690. CrossRef -
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Vitaly Litvinov, Marina Makarova, Dmitry Kudlay, Nikolai Nikolenko, Julia Mikhailova
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.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Problems of drug resistance of M. tuberculosis
V. I. Litvinov, E. Yu. Nosova
Tuberculosis and socially significant diseases.2021; 9(2): 70. CrossRef - Bedaquiline and linezolid MIC distributions and epidemiological cut-off values forMycobacterium tuberculosisin the Latin American region
Beatriz Lopez, Rosangela Siqueira de Oliveira, Juliana M W Pinhata, Erica Chimara, Edson Pacheco Ascencio, Zully M Puyén Guerra, Ingrid Wainmayer, Norberto Simboli, Mirtha Del Granado, Juan Carlos Palomino, Viviana Ritacco, Anandi Martin
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.2019; 74(2): 373. CrossRef - Drug targets exploited in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Pitfalls and promises on the horizon
Zubair Shanib Bhat, Muzafar Ahmad Rather, Mubashir Maqbool, Zahoor Ahmad
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2018; 103: 1733. CrossRef
- ZntR positively regulates T6SS4 expression in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
-
Tietao Wang , Keqi Chen , Fen Gao , Yiwen Kang , Muhammad Tausif Chaudhry , Zhuo Wang , Yao Wang , Xihui Shen
-
J. Microbiol. 2017;55(6):448-456. Published online March 10, 2017
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-017-6540-2
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53
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19
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Abstract
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The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a widespread and versatile protein secretion system found in most Gram- negative bacteria. Studies of T6SS have mainly focused on its role in virulence toward host cells and inter-bacterial inter-actions, but studies have also shown that T6SS4 in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis participates in the acquisition of zinc ions to alleviate the accumulation of hydroxyl radicals induced by multiple stressors. Here, by comparing the gene expression patterns of wild-type and zntR mutant Y. pseudotubercu-losis cells using RNA-seq analysis, T6SS4 and 17 other bio-logical processes were found to be regulated by ZntR. T6SS4 was positively regulated by ZntR in Y. pseudotuberculosis, and further investigation demonstrated that ZntR regulates T6SS4 by directly binding to its promoter region. T6SS4 ex-pression is regulated by zinc via ZntR, which maintains in-tracellular zinc homeostasis and controls the concentration of reactive oxygen species to prevent bacterial death under oxidative stress. This study provides new insights into the regulation of T6SS4 by a zinc-dependent transcriptional regu-lator, and it provides a foundation for further investigation of the mechanism of zinc transport by T6SS.
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Two-Component Signaling System RegAB Represses Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae T3SS by Directly Binding to the promoter of hrpRS1
Mengsi Zhang, Mingming Yang, Xiaoxue Zhang, Shuying Li, Shuaiwu Wang, Alex Muremi Fulano, Yongting Meng, Xihui Shen, Li-li Huang, Yao Wang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Genome-wide phenotypic profiling of transcription factors and identification of novel targets to control the virulence of Vibrio vulnificus
Dayoung Sung, Garam Choi, Minji Ahn, Hokyung Byun, Tae Young Kim, Hojun Lee, Zee-Won Lee, Ji Yong Park, Young Hyun Jung, Ho Jae Han, Sang Ho Choi
Nucleic Acids Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Pb2+ biosorption by Serratia marcescens CCMA 1010 and its relation with zntR gene expression and ZntA efflux pump regulation
Jorge Dias Carlier, Gustavo Magno dos Reis Ferreira, Rosane Freitas Schwan, Cristina Ferreira da Silva, Maria Clara Costa
Environmental Advances.2024; 15: 100479. CrossRef - OxyR-regulated T6SS functions in coordination with siderophore to resist oxidative stress
Changfu Li, Zhiyan Wei, Xinquan He, Haiyang He, Yuqi Liu, Yuxin Zuo, He Xiao, Yao Wang, Xihui Shen, Lingfang Zhu, Olaya Rendueles
Microbiology Spectrum.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - A σE-mediated temperature gauge orchestrates type VI secretion system, biofilm formation and cell invasion in pathogen Pseudomonas plecoglossicida
Yibei Zhang, Yuping Huang, Haoyuan Ding, Jiabao Ma, Xinyu Tong, Yuanxing Zhang, Zhen Tao, Qiyao Wang
Microbiological Research.2023; 266: 127220. CrossRef - Impact of lead (Pb2+) on the growth and biological activity of Serratia marcescens selected for wastewater treatment and identification of its zntR gene—a metal efflux regulator
Gustavo Magno dos Reis Ferreira, Josiane Ferreira Pires, Luciana Silva Ribeiro, Jorge Dias Carlier, Maria Clara Costa, Rosane Freitas Schwan, Cristina Ferreira Silva
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef -
MlrA, a MerR family regulator in
Vibrio cholerae
, senses the anaerobic signal in the small intestine of the host to promote bacterial intestinal colonization
Jialin Wu, Yutao Liu, Wendi Li, Fan Li, Ruiying Liu, Hao Sun, Jingliang Qin, Xiaohui Feng, Di Huang, Bin Liu
Gut Microbes.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Nutritional immunity: the battle for nutrient metals at the host–pathogen interface
Caitlin C. Murdoch, Eric P. Skaar
Nature Reviews Microbiology.2022; 20(11): 657. CrossRef - The transcriptional regulator Zur regulates the expression of ZnuABC and T6SS4 in response to stresses in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Ran Cai, Fen Gao, Junfeng Pan, Xinwei Hao, Zonglan Yu, Yichen Qu, Jialin Li, Dandan Wang, Yao Wang, Xihui Shen, Xingyu Liu, Yantao Yang
Microbiological Research.2021; 249: 126787. CrossRef - T6SS Mediated Stress Responses for Bacterial Environmental Survival and Host Adaptation
Kai-Wei Yu, Peng Xue, Yang Fu, Liang Yang
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2021; 22(2): 478. CrossRef -
Yersiniabactin contributes to overcoming zinc restriction during
Yersinia pestis
infection of mammalian and insect hosts
Sarah L. Price, Viveka Vadyvaloo, Jennifer K. DeMarco, Amanda Brady, Phoenix A. Gray, Thomas E. Kehl-Fie, Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova, Robert D. Perry, Matthew B. Lawrenz
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Roles of Type VI Secretion System in Transport of Metal Ions
Xiaobing Yang, Hai Liu, Yanxiong Zhang, Xihui Shen
Frontiers in Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Beyond dueling: roles of the type VI secretion system in microbiome modulation, pathogenesis and stress resistance
Jinshui Lin, Lei Xu, Jianshe Yang, Zhuo Wang, Xihui Shen
Stress Biology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Coordinated regulation of anthranilate metabolism and bacterial virulence by the GntR family regulator MpaR in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Tietao Wang, Yihang Qi, Zhihan Wang, Jingru Zhao, Linxuan Ji, Jun Li, Zhao Cai, Liang Yang, Min Wu, Haihua Liang
Molecular Microbiology.2020; 114(5): 857. CrossRef - RovC - a novel type of hexameric transcriptional activator promoting type VI secretion gene expression
Vanessa Knittel, Pooja Sadana, Stephanie Seekircher, Anne-Sophie Stolle, Britta Körner, Marcel Volk, Cy M. Jeffries, Dmitri I. Svergun, Ann Kathrin Heroven, Andrea Scrima, Petra Dersch, Joan Mecsas
PLOS Pathogens.2020; 16(9): e1008552. CrossRef - The type VI secretion system protein AsaA in Acinetobacter baumannii is a periplasmic protein physically interacting with TssM and required for T6SS assembly
Lei Li, Yi-Nuo Wang, Hong-Bing Jia, Ping Wang, Jun-Fang Dong, Juan Deng, Feng-Min Lu, Qing-Hua Zou
Scientific Reports.2019;[Epub] CrossRef - Confirmed and Potential Roles of Bacterial T6SSs in the Intestinal Ecosystem
Can Chen, Xiaobing Yang, Xihui Shen
Frontiers in Microbiology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef - The stringent response factor, RelA, positively regulates T6SS4 expression through the RovM/RovA pathway in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Xiaobing Yang, Yunhong Song, Qingyun Dai, Hongyun Zhang, Li Song, Zhuo Wang, Junfeng Pan, Yao Wang
Microbiological Research.2019; 220: 32. CrossRef - Type VI Secretion Systems Present New Insights on Pathogenic Yersinia
Xiaobing Yang, Junfeng Pan, Yao Wang, Xihui Shen
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
- Performance of nested multiplex PCR assay targeting MTP40 and IS6110 gene sequences for the diagnosis of tubercular lymphadenitis
-
Pallavi Sinha , Pradyot Prakash , Shashikant C.U. Patne , Shampa Anupurba , Sweety Gupta , G. N. Srivastava
-
J. Microbiol. 2017;55(1):63-67. Published online December 30, 2016
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-017-6127-y
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44
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5
Crossref
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Abstract
-
The conventional methods for diagnosis of tubercular lymphadenitis
(TBLN) such as - fine needle aspiration cytology,
Ziehl-Neelsen staining and culture have limitations of low
sensitivity and/or specificity. So, it becomes essential to develop
a rapid, sensitive, and specific method for an early diagnosis
of TBLN. Therefore, the present study was conducted
to evaluate nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction
(nMPCR) targeting MTP40 and IS6110 gene sequences
of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium
tuberculosis complex, respectively in 48 successive patients
of TBLN and 20 random patients with non-tubercular lymph
node lesions. Out of the 48 cases of TBLN, 14 (29.2%) were
found to be positive by Ziehl-Neelsen staining, 15 (31.2%)
were positive by culture and 43 (89.6%) cases were positive
after first round of PCR while 48 (100%) cases were positive
by nMPCR assay. The sensitivity and specificity of nMPCR
was found to be 100% for the diagnosis of TBLN. The results
thus obtained indicate that nMPCR assay is a highly sensitive
and specific tool for the diagnosis of TBLN.
-
Citations
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- Diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis by molecular and immunological tools
Nitin Kumar, Anish Khan, Sanjit Boora, Neha Chadha, Nisha Khan, Puneet Raina, Rajesh Gupta, Raj Singh, Samander Kaushik
Medicine in Microecology.2024; 22: 100116. CrossRef - Evaluating the Sensitivity of Different Molecular Techniques for Detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Patients with Pulmonary Infection
Hassan A. Hemeg, Hamzah O. Albulushi, Hani A. Ozbak, Hamza M. Ali, Emad K. Alahmadi, Yahya A. Almutawif, Sari T. Alhuofie, Rana A. Alaeq, Areej A. Alhazmi, Mustafa A. Najim, Ahmed M. Hanafy
Polish Journal of Microbiology.2023; 72(4): 421. CrossRef - The Relevance of Genomic Epidemiology for Control of Tuberculosis in West Africa
Prince Asare, Adwoa Asante-Poku, Stephen Osei-Wusu, Isaac Darko Otchere, Dorothy Yeboah-Manu
Frontiers in Public Health.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Two target genes based multiple cross displacement amplification combined with a lateral flow biosensor for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
Junfei Huang, Ziyu Xiao, Xinggui Yang, Xu Chen, Xiaojuan Wang, Yijiang Chen, Wenlin Zheng, Wei Chen, Huijuan Chen, Shijun Li
BMC Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Duplex PCR for Detection of Aleutian Disease Virus from Biological and Environmental Samples
Marek Kowalczyk, Andrzej Jakubczak, Magdalena Gryzińska
Acta Veterinaria.2019; 69(4): 402. CrossRef
- The assessment of host and bacterial proteins in sputum from active pulmonary tuberculosis
-
Hsin-Chih Lai , Yu-Tze Horng , Pen-Fang Yeh , Jann-Yuan Wang , Chin-Chung Shu , Jang-Jih Lu , Jen-Jyh Lee , Po-Chi Soo
-
J. Microbiol. 2016;54(11):761-767. Published online October 29, 2016
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-6201-x
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47
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2
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Abstract
-
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium
tuberculosis. The protein composition of sputum may reflect
the immune status of the lung. This study aimed to evaluate
the protein profiles in spontaneous sputum samples from
patients with active pulmonary TB. Sputum samples were
collected from patients with pulmonary TB and healthy controls.
Western blotting was used to analyze the amount of interleukin
10 (IL-10), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IL-25, IL-
17, perforin-1, urease, albumin, transferrin, lactoferrin, adenosine
deaminase (also known as adenosine aminohydrolase,
or ADA), ADA-2, granzyme B, granulysin, and caspase-
1 in sputum. Results of detection of IL-10, IFN-γ, perforin-
1, urease, ADA2, and caspase-1, showed relatively high
specificity in distinguishing patients with TB from healthy
controls, although sensitivities varied from 13.3% to 66.1%.
By defining a positive result as the detection of any two proteins
in sputum samples, combined use of transferrin and
urease as markers increased sensitivity to 73.2% and specificity
to 71.1%. Furthermore, we observed that the concentration of transferrin was proportional to the number of acidfast
bacilli detected in sputum specimens. Detection of sputum
transferrin and urease was highly associated with pulmonary
TB infection. In addition, a high concentration of
transferrin detected in sputum might correlate with active
TB infection. This data on sputum proteins in patients with
TB may aid in the development of biomarkers to assess the
severity of pulmonary TB.
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Citations
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- From simple to complex: Protein‐based biomarker discovery in tuberculosis
Zaynab Mousavian, Gunilla Källenius, Christopher Sundling
European Journal of Immunology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Interleukin 8 and Pentaxin (C-Reactive Protein) as Potential New Biomarkers of Bovine Tuberculosis
Xintao Gao, Xiaoyu Guo, Ming Li, Hong Jia, Weidong Lin, Lichun Fang, Yitong Jiang, Hongfei Zhu, Zhifang Zhang, Jiabo Ding, Ting Xin, Brad Fenwick
Journal of Clinical Microbiology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene expression at different stages of hypoxia-induced dormancy and upon resuscitation
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Elisabetta Iona , Manuela Pardini , Alessandro Mustazzolu , Giovanni Piccaro , Roberto Nisini , Lanfranco Fattorini , Federico Giannoni
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J. Microbiol. 2016;54(8):565-572. Published online August 2, 2016
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-6150-4
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48
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38
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Abstract
-
The physiology of dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis was
studied in detail by examining the gene expression of 51
genes using quantitative Reverse-Transcription Polymerase
Chain Reaction. A forty-day period of dormancy in the Wayne
culture model depicted four major transcription patterns.
Some sigma factors and many metabolic genes were constant,
whereas genes belonging to the dormancy regulon were activated
on day 9. In particular, alpha-crystallin mRNA showed
more than a 1,000-fold increase compared to replicating bacilli.
Genes belonging to the enduring hypoxic response were
up-regulated at day 16, notably, transcription factors sigma
B and E. Early genes typical of log-phase bacilli, esat-6 and
fbpB, were uniformly down-regulated during dormancy. Late
stages of dormancy showed a drop in gene expression likely
due to a lack of substrates in anaerobic respiration as demonstrated
by the transcriptional activation observed following
nitrates addition. Among genes involved in nitrate metabolism,
narG was strongly up-regulated by nitrates addition.
Dormant bacilli responded very rapidly when exposed
to oxygen and fresh medium, showing a transcriptional activation
of many genes, including resuscitation-promoting
factors, within one hour. Our observations extend the current
knowledge on dormant M. tuberculosis gene expression
and its response to nutrients and to aerobic and anaerobic
respiration.
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Citations
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- Regulatory role of Mycobacterium tuberculosis MtrA on dormancy/resuscitation revealed by a novel target gene-mining strategy
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Frontiers in Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Adaptation of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis transcriptome to biofilm growth
Madison A. Youngblom, Tracy M. Smith, Holly J. Murray, Caitlin S. Pepperell, Christopher M. Sassetti
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Liangfei Niu, Hao Wang, Geyang Luo, Jing Zhou, Zhidong Hu, Bo Yan
WIREs Mechanisms of Disease.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Microneedle patch-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify protein biomarkers of tuberculosis
Youngeun Kim, Mary Beth Lewis, Jihyun Hwang, Zheyu Wang, Rohit Gupta, Yuxiong Liu, Tuhina Gupta, James P. Barber, Srikanth Singamaneni, Fred Quinn, Mark R. Prausnitz
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Manita Yimcharoen, Sukanya Saikaew, Usanee Wattananandkul, Ponrut Phunpae, Sorasak Intorasoot, Chatchai Tayapiwatana, Bordin Butr-Indr
Antibiotics.2023; 12(5): 852. CrossRef - Eradication of Drug-Tolerant Mycobacterium tuberculosis 2022: Where We Stand
Alessio Lanni, Angelo Iacobino, Lanfranco Fattorini, Federico Giannoni
Microorganisms.2023; 11(6): 1511. CrossRef - Intranasal multivalent adenoviral-vectored vaccine protects against replicating and dormant M.tb in conventional and humanized mice
Sam Afkhami, Michael R. D’Agostino, Maryam Vaseghi-Shanjani, Madeleine Lepard, Jack X. Yang, Rocky Lai, Margaret Wa Yan Choi, Alexis Chacon, Anna Zganiacz, Kees L. M. C. Franken, Hildegund C. Ertl, Tom H. M. Ottenhoff, Mangalakumari Jeyanathan, Amy Gillgr
npj Vaccines.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - WhiB4 Is Required for the Reactivation of Persistent Infection of Mycobacterium marinum in Zebrafish
Chen Lin, Yuting Tang, Yuchen Wang, Junli Zhang, Yeyu Li, Shuqin Xu, Bin Xia, Qiran Zhai, Yao Li, Lu Zhang, Jun Liu, Amit Singh
Microbiology Spectrum.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Mycobacterium tuberculosis whiB3 and Lipid Metabolism Genes Are Regulated by Host Induced Oxidative Stress
Omar M. Barrientos, Elizabeth Langley, Yolanda González, Carlos Cabello, Martha Torres, Silvia Guzmán-Beltrán
Microorganisms.2022; 10(9): 1821. CrossRef - Optimal Detection of Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection by Combined Heparin-Binding Hemagglutinin (HBHA) and Early Secreted Antigenic Target 6 (ESAT-6) Whole-Blood Interferon Gamma Release Assays
V. Dirix, N. Dauby, M. Hites, E. Watelet, A. Van Praet, A. Godefroid, E. Petit, M. Singh, C. Locht, F. Mascart, V. Corbière, Christine Y. Turenne
Journal of Clinical Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Tuberculosis: The success tale of less explored dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Akanksha Verma, Antara Ghoshal, Ved Prakash Dwivedi, Ashima Bhaskar
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Zhangli Peng, Yan Yue, Sidong Xiong
Frontiers in Immunology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Immuno-Diagnosis of Active Tuberculosis by a Combination of Cytokines/Chemokines Induced by Two Stage-Specific Mycobacterial Antigens: A Pilot Study in a Low TB Incidence Country
Violette Dirix, Philippe Collart, Anne Van Praet, Maya Hites, Nicolas Dauby, Sabine Allard, Judith Racapé, Mahavir Singh, Camille Locht, Françoise Mascart, Véronique Corbière
Frontiers in Immunology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - The Regulation of ManLAM-Related Gene Expression in Mycobacterium tuberculosis with Different Drug Resistance Profiles Following Isoniazid Treatment
Manita Yimcharoen, Sukanya Saikaew, Usanee Wattananandkul, Ponrut Phunpae, Sorasak Intorasoot, Watchara Kasinrerk, Chatchai Tayapiwatana, Bordin Butr-Indr
Infection and Drug Resistance.2022; Volume 15: 399. CrossRef - Implications of drug-induced phenotypical resistance: Is isoniazid radicalizing M. tuberculosis?
RJH Hammond, Frank Kloprogge, O. Della Pasqua, Stephen H. Gillespie
Frontiers in Antibiotics.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Strain-Specific Behavior of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Interruption of Autophagy Pathway in Human Alveolar Type II Epithelial A549 Cells
Nasim Ebrahimifard, Shima Hadifar, Mansour Kargarpour Kamakoli, Ava Behrouzi, Sharareh Khanipour, Abolfazl Fateh, Seyed Davar Siadat, Farzam Vaziri
Iranian Biomedical Journal.2022; 26(4): 313. CrossRef - Mycobacterium tuberculosis Dormancy: How to Fight a Hidden Danger
Elena G. Salina, Vadim Makarov
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Manikuntala Kundu, Joyoti Basu
Frontiers in Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Differential Isoniazid Response Pattern Between Active and Dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis
M.A. Abo-Kadoum, Yongdong Dai, Mohammed Asaad, Insaf Hamdi, Jianping Xie
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Mariana P. Lanfranconi, Ana Arabolaza, Hugo Gramajo, Héctor M. Alvarez
Archives of Microbiology.2021; 203(5): 2171. CrossRef - Aptamer-Based Diagnostic Systems for the Rapid Screening of TB at the Point-of-Care
Darius Riziki Martin, Nicole Remaliah Sibuyi, Phumuzile Dube, Adewale Oluwaseun Fadaka, Ruben Cloete, Martin Onani, Abram Madimabe Madiehe, Mervin Meyer
Diagnostics.2021; 11(8): 1352. CrossRef - Transcriptome Changes of Mycobacterium marinum in the Process of Resuscitation From Hypoxia-Induced Dormancy
Jun Jiang, Chen Lin, Junli Zhang, Yuchen Wang, Lifang Shen, Kunpeng Yang, Wenxuan Xiao, Yao Li, Lu Zhang, Jun Liu
Frontiers in Genetics.2020;[Epub] CrossRef - Immunoinformatics Approach to Engineer a Potent Poly-epitope Fusion Protein Vaccine Against Coxiella burnetii
Ehsan Rashidian, Zeinab Shakarami Gandabeh, Ali Forouharmehr, Narges Nazifi, Nemat Shams, Amin Jaydari
International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics.2020; 26(4): 2191. CrossRef - Coordinate regulation of virulence and metabolic genes by the transcription factor HbhR in Mycobacterium marinum
Dominique Raze, Jérôme Segers, Céline Mille, Stéphanie Slupek, Sophie Lecher, Loïc Coutte, Rudy Antoine, Lucie Ducrocq, Carine Rouanet, Ben J. Appelmelk, Camille Locht
Molecular Microbiology.2020; 113(1): 52. CrossRef - Small RNA Mcr11 requires the transcription factor AbmR for stable expression and regulates genes involved in the central metabolism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Roxie C. Girardin, Kathleen A. McDonough
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Elena G. Salina, Artem S. Grigorov, Oksana S. Bychenko, Yulia V. Skvortsova, Ilgar Z. Mamedov, Tatyana L. Azhikina, Arseny S. Kaprelyants
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M. Carla Martini, Ying Zhou, Huaming Sun, Scarlet S. Shell
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Thamsanqa E. Chiliza, Manormoney Pillay, Kogieleum Naidoo, Balakrishna Pillay
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Yana R. Batyrshina, Yakov Sh Schwartz
Tuberculosis.2019; 117: 7. CrossRef - The Combination Rifampin-Nitazoxanide, but Not Rifampin-Isoniazid-Pyrazinamide-Ethambutol, Kills Dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Hypoxia at Neutral pH
Angelo Iacobino, Federico Giannoni, Manuela Pardini, Giovanni Piccaro, Lanfranco Fattorini
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.2019;[Epub] CrossRef - Bacteriophage gene products as potential antimicrobials against tuberculosis
Maria Puiu, Christina Julius
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Musa Marimani, Aijaz Ahmad, Adriano Duse
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Hayden T Pacl, Vineel P Reddy, Vikram Saini, Krishna C Chinta, Adrie J C Steyn
Pathogens and Disease.2018;[Epub] CrossRef - Heparin-Binding Hemagglutinin Adhesin (HBHA) Is Involved in Intracytosolic Lipid Inclusions Formation in Mycobacteria
Dominique Raze, Claudie Verwaerde, Gaspard Deloison, Elisabeth Werkmeister, Baptiste Coupin, Marc Loyens, Priscille Brodin, Carine Rouanet, Camille Locht
Frontiers in Microbiology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef - Opening Pandora’s Box: Mechanisms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Resuscitation
Ashley V. Veatch, Deepak Kaushal
Trends in Microbiology.2018; 26(2): 145. CrossRef - AbmR (Rv1265) is a novel transcription factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that regulates host cell association and expression of the non‐coding small RNA Mcr11
Roxie C. Girardin, Guangchun Bai, Jie He, Haixin Sui, Kathleen A. McDonough
Molecular Microbiology.2018; 110(5): 811. CrossRef - Horizontal acquisition of a hypoxia-responsive molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis pathway contributed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathoadaptation
Florence Levillain, Yannick Poquet, Ludovic Mallet, Serge Mazères, Michael Marceau, Roland Brosch, Franz-Christoph Bange, Philip Supply, Axel Magalon, Olivier Neyrolles, Marcel A. Behr
PLOS Pathogens.2017; 13(11): e1006752. CrossRef
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- A small hairpin RNA targeting myeloid cell leukemia-1 enhances apoptosis in host macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis
-
Fei-yu Wang , Yu-qing Zhang , Xin-min Wang , Chan Wang , Xiao-fang Wang , Jiang-dong Wu , Fang Wu , Wan-jiang Zhang , Le Zhang
-
J. Microbiol. 2016;54(4):330-337. Published online April 1, 2016
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-5627-5
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53
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5
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Abstract
-
Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) plays an important role in
various cell survival pathways. Some studies indicated that
the expression of Mcl-1 was upregulated in host cells during
infection with the virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain,
H37Rv. The present study was designed to investigate the
effect of inhibiting Mcl-1 expression both in vivo and in vitro
on apoptosis of host macrophages infected with M. tuberculosis
using a small hairpin (sh)RNA. Mcl-1 expression was detected
by the real time-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting,
and immunohistochemistry. Flow cytometry and transmission
electron microscopy were used to measure host macrophage
apoptosis. We found elevated Mcl-1 levels in host macrophages
infected with M. tuberculosis H37Rv. The expression of Mcl-1
was downregulated efficiently in H37Rv-infected host macrophages
using shRNA. Knockdown of Mcl-1 enhanced the
extent of apoptosis in H37Rv-infected host macrophages
significantly. The increased apoptosis correlated with a decrease
in M. tuberculosis colony forming units recovered from
H37Rv-infected cells that were treated with Mcl-1-shRNA.
Reducing Mcl-1 accumulation by shRNA also reduced accumulation
of the anti-apoptotic gene, Bcl-2, and increased
expression of the pro-apoptotic gene, Bax, in H37Rv-infected
host macrophages. Our results showed that specific knockdown
of Mcl-1 expression increased apoptosis of host macrophages
significantly and decreased the intracellular survival
of a virulent strain of M. tuberculosis. These data indicate that interference with Mcl-1 expression may provide
a new avenue for tuberculosis therapy.
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- The Mycobacterium tuberculosis relBE toxin:antitoxin genes are stress-responsive modules that regulate growth through translation inhibition
-
Shaleen B. Korch , Vandana Malhotra , Heidi Contreras , Josephine E. Clark-Curtiss
-
J. Microbiol. 2015;53(11):783-795. Published online October 28, 2015
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-5333-8
-
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44
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0
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39
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Abstract
-
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) genes are ubiquitous among bacteria
and are associated with persistence and dormancy. Following
exposure to unfavorable environmental stimuli, several species
(Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Myxococcus
xanthus) employ toxin proteins such as RelE and MazF to
downregulate growth or initiate cell death. Mycobacterium
tuberculosis possesses three Rel TA modules (RelMtb): RelBEMtb,
RelFGMtb and RelJKMtb (Rv1246c-Rv1247c, Rv2865-Rv2866,
and Rv3357-Rv3358, respectively), which inhibit mycobacterial
growth when the toxin gene (relE, relG, relK) is expressed
independently of the antitoxin gene (relB, relF, relJ).
In the present study, we examined the in vivo mechanism of
the RelEMtb toxin protein, the impact of RelEMtb on M. tuberculosis
physiology and the environmental conditions that regulate
all three relMtb modules. RelEMtb negatively impacts
growth and the structural integrity of the mycobacterial envelope,
generating cells with aberrant forms that are prone
to extensive aggregation. At a time coincident with growth
defects, RelEMtb mediates mRNA degradation in vivo resulting
in significant changes to the proteome. We establish that
relMtb modules are stress responsive, as all three operons are
transcriptionally activated following mycobacterial exposure
to oxidative stress or nitrogen-limiting growth environments.
Here we present evidence that the relMtb toxin:antitoxin family
is stress-responsive and, through the degradation of mRNA,
the RelEMtb toxin influences the growth, proteome and morphology
of mycobacterial cells.
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- Roles of RpoS in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis stress survival, motility, biofilm formation and type VI secretion system expression
-
Jingyuan Guan , Xiao Xiao , Shengjuan Xu , Fen Gao , Jianbo Wang , Tietao Wang , Yunhong Song , Junfeng Pan , Xihui Shen , Yao Wang
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J. Microbiol. 2015;53(9):633-642. Published online August 27, 2015
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-0099-6
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47
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Abstract
-
RpoS (σS), the stationary phase/stress σ factor, controls the
expression of a large number of genes involved in cellular
responses to a variety of stresses. However, the role of RpoS
appears to differ in different bacteria. While RpoS is an important
regulator of flagellum biosynthesis, it is associated
with biofilm development in Edwardsiella tarda. Biofilms
are dense communities formed by bacteria and are important
for microbe survival under unfavorable conditions. The type
VI secretion system (T6SS) discovered recently is reportedly
associated with several phenotypes, ranging from biofilm
formation to stress sensing. For example, Vibrio anguillarum
T6SS was proposed to serve as a sensor for extracytoplasmic
signals and modulates RpoS expression and stress response.
In this study, we investigated the physiological roles of RpoS
in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, including bacterial survival
under stress conditions, flagella formation, biofilm development
and T6SS expression. We found that RpoS is important
in resistance to multiple stressors–including H2O2, acid,
osmotic and heat shock–in Y. pseudotuberculosis. In addition,
our study showed that RpoS not only modulates the expression
of T6SS but also regulates flagellum formation by
positively controlling the flagellar master regulatory gene
flhDC, and affects the formation of biofilm on Caenorhabditis
elegans by regulating the synthesis of exopolysaccharides.
Taken together, these results show that RpoS plays a central
role in cell fitness under several adverse conditions in Y.
pseudotuberculosis.
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Hye-young Wang , Hyunjung Kim , Sunghyun Kim , Do-kyoon Kim , Sang-Nae Cho , Hyeyoung Lee
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J. Microbiol. 2015;53(1):38-46. Published online January 4, 2015
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-4495-8
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Abstract
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Mycobacteria cause a variety of illnesses that differ in severity
and public health implications. The differentiation of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) from nontuberculous
mycobacteria (NTM) is of primary importance for infection
control and choice of antimicrobial therapy. The diagnosis
of diseases caused by NTM is difficult because NTM species
are prevalent in the environment and because they have fastidious
properties. In the present study, we evaluated 279
clinical isolates grown in liquid culture provided by The
Catholic University of Korea, St. Vincent’s Hospital using
real-time PCR based on mycobacterial rpoB gene sequences.
The positive rate of real-time PCR assay accurately discriminated
100% (195/195) and 100% (84/84) between MTB and
NTM species. Comparison of isolates identified using the
MolecuTech REBA Myco-ID? and Real Myco-ID? were completely
concordant except for two samples. Two cases that
were identified as mixed infection (M. intracellulare-M. massiliense
and M. avium-M. massiliense co-infection) by PCRREBA
assay were only detected using M. abscessus-specific
probes by Real Myco-ID?. Among a total of 84 cases, the
most frequently identified NTM species were M. intracellulare
(n=38, 45.2%), M. avium (n=18, 23.7%), M. massiliense
(n=10, 13.2%), M. fortuitum (n=5, 6%), M. abscessus
(n=3, 3.9%), M. gordonae (n=3, 3.9%), M. kansasii (n=2,
2.4%), M. mucogenicum (n=2, 2.4%), and M. chelonae (n=
1, 1.2%). Real Myco-ID? is an efficient tool for the rapid detection
of NTM species as well as MTB and sensitive and
specific and comparable to conventional methods.
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- Phosphorylation Regulates Mycobacterial Proteasome
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Tripti Anandan , Jaeil Han , Heather Baun , Seeta Nyayapathy , Jacob T. Brown , Rebekah L. Dial , Juan A. Moltalvo , Min-Seon Kim , Seung Hwan Yang , Donald R. Ronning , Robert N. Husson , Joowon Suh , Choong-Min Kang
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J. Microbiol. 2014;52(9):743-754. Published online September 2, 2014
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-4416-2
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Abstract
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis possesses a proteasome system that is required for the microbe to resist elimination by the host immune system. Despite the importance of the proteasome in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis, the molecular mechanisms by which proteasome activity is controlled remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the α-subunit (PrcA) of the M. tuberculosis proteasome is phosphorylated by the PknB kinase at three threonine residues (T84, T202, and T178) in a sequential manner. Furthermore, the proteasome with phosphorylated PrcA enhances the degradation of Ino1, a known proteasomal substrate, suggesting that PknB regulates the proteolytic activity of the proteasome. Previous studies showed that depletion of the proteasome and the proteasome- associated proteins decreases resistance to reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNIs) but increases resistance to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Here we show that PknA phosphorylation of unprocessed proteasome β-subunit (pre-PrcB) and α-subunit reduces the assembly of the proteasome complex and thereby enhances the mycobacterial resistance to H2O2 and that H2O2 stress diminishes the formation of the proteasome complex in a PknA-dependent manner. These findings indicate that phosphorylation of the M. tuberculosis proteasome not only modulates proteolytic activity of the proteasome, but also affects the proteasome complex formation contributing to the survival of M. tuberculosis under oxidative stress conditions.
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