C-Glycosides are an important type of natural product with
significant bioactivities, and the C-glycosidic bonds of C-glycosides
can be cleaved by several intestinal bacteria, as exemplified
by the human faeces-derived puerarin-degrading bacterium
Dorea strain PUE. However, glycoside hydrolases in
these bacteria, which may be involved in the C-glycosidic bond
cleavage of C-glycosides, remain largely unknown. In this
study, the genomes of the closest phylogenetic neighbours of
five puerarin-degrading intestinal bacteria (including Dorea
strain PUE) were retrieved, and the protein-coding genes in
the genomes were subjected to sequence similarity network
(SSN) analysis. Only four clusters of genes were annotated as
glycoside hydrolases and observed in the genome of D. longicatena
DSM 13814T (the closest phylogenetic neighbour of
Dorea strain PUE); therefore, genes from D. longicatena DSM
13814T belonging to these clusters were selected to overexpress
recombinant proteins (CG1, CG2, CG3, and CG4) in
Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). In vitro assays indicated that
CG4 efficiently cleaved the O-glycosidic bond of daidzin and
showed moderate β-D-glucosidase and β-D-xylosidase activity.
CG2 showed weak activity in hydrolyzing daidzin and pNP-
β-D-fucopyranoside, while CG3 was identified as a highly
selective and efficient α-glycosidase. Interestingly, CG3 and
CG4 could be selectively inhibited by daidzein, explaining
their different performance in kinetic studies. Molecular docking
studies predicted the molecular determinants of CG2,
CG3, and CG4 in substrate selectivity and inhibition propensity.
The present study identified three novel and distinctive
glycoside hydrolases, highlighting the potential of SSN
in the discovery of novel enzymes from genomic data.
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Pleurotus pulmonarius, a member of the Pleurotaceae family
in Basidiomycota, is an edible, economically important mushroom
in most Asian countries. In this study, the complete
mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) of three P. pulmonarius
strains – two monokaryotic commercial (J1-13 and ZA3) and
one wild (X1-15) – were sequenced and analyzed. In ZA3 and
X1-15, the mtDNA molecule was found to be a single circle of
68,305 bp and 73,435 bp, respectively. Both strains contain 14
core protein-coding genes and two ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
subunit genes. The ZA3 strain has 22 transfer RNA (tRNA)
genes and nine introns: eight in cytochrome c oxidase subunit
1 (cox1), and one in the rRNA large subunit (rnl). Monokaryotic
J1-13 and ZA3 mtDNAs were found to be similar
in their structure. However, the wild strain X1-15 contains
25 tRNA genes and only seven introns in cox1. Open reading
frames (ORFs) of ZA3/J1-13 and X1-15 encode LAGLIDADG,
ribosomal protein S3, and DNA polymerase II. In addition,
mtDNA inheritance in J1-13, ZA3, and X1-15 was also studied. Results showed that the mtDNA inheritance pattern was uniparental
and closely related to dikaryotic hyphal location with
respect to the parent. Results also show that mtDNA inheritance
is influenced by both the parental nuclear genome and
mitogenome in the zone of contact between two compatible
parents. In summary, this analysis provides valuable information
and a basis for further studies to improve our understanding
of the inheritance of fungal mtDNA.
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