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- Searching for a Reliable Viral Indicator of Faecal Pollution in Aquatic Environments
- Felana Harilanto Andrianjakarivony , Yvan Bettarel , Christelle Desnues
- J. Microbiol. 2023;61(6):589-602. Published online June 1, 2023
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00052-6
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Abstract
- The disposal of sewage in significant quantities poses a health hazard to aquatic ecosystems. These effluents can contain a wide range of pathogens, making faecal contamination a leading source of waterborne diseases around the world. Yet monitoring bacteria or viruses in aquatic environments is time consuming and expensive. The standard indicators of faecal pollution all have limitations, including difficulty in determining the source due to lack of host specificity, poor connection with the presence of non-bacterial pathogens, or low environmental persistence. Innovative monitoring techniques are sorely needed to provide more accurate and targeted solutions. Viruses are a promising alternative to faecal indicator bacteria for monitoring, as they are more persistent in ambient water, more abundant in faeces, and are extremely host-specific. Given the range of viruses found in diverse contexts, it is not easy to find one “ideal” viral indicator of faecal pollution; however, several are of interest. In parallel, the ongoing development of molecular techniques coupled with metagenomics and bioinformatics should enable improved ways to detect faecal contamination using viruses. This review examines the evolution of faecal contamination monitoring with the following aims (i) to identify the characteristics of the main viral indicators of faecal contamination, including human enteric viruses, bacteriophages, CRESS and plant viruses, (ii) to assess how these have been used to monitor water pollution in recent years, (iii) to evaluate the reliability of recent detection methods of such viruses, and (iv) to tentatively determine which viruses may be most effective as markers of faecal pollution.
Journal Article
- Expression of sexual genes in Aspergillus fumigatus homogeneous culture produced by vegetative mass mating
- Joo-Yeon Lim , Hee-Moon Park
- J. Microbiol. 2019;57(8):688-693. Published online May 11, 2019
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-9094-7
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- 3 Citations
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Abstract
- There are presently no studies on the genes for sexual development
of Aspergillus fumigatus in situ using mating culture,
primarily because of challenging experimental conditions
that require a significantly long period of induction and produce
developmentally heterogenous culture, harboring very
few sexual organs. In order to overcome these challenges, we
developed an efficient and convenient procedure called ‘vegetative
mass mating (VeM)’ for study at a molecular level.
The VeM method enabled production of a developmentally
homogenous A. fumigatus culture, harboring many sexual
organs in a plate within a short period of two weeks. Feasibility
of the use of VeM for functional study of genes during
A. fumigatus sexual development was evaluated by analyzing
the transcription pattern of genes involved in pheromone signal
transduction and regulation of sexual development. Here,
we present for the first time, an in situ expression pattern of
sexual genes during the mating process, induced by the VeM
method
, which will enable and promote the sexual development study of A. fumigatus at the molecular level.
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