The role of oral microbiota in viral encephalitis and/or viral
meningitis (VEVM) remains unclear. In this hospital-based,
frequency-matched study, children with clinically diagnosed
VEVM (n = 68) and those with other diseases (controls, n =
68) were recruited. Their oral swab samples were collected
and the oral microbiota was profiled using 16S rRNA gene
sequencing. The oral microbiota of children with VEVM exhibited
different beta diversity metrics (unweighted UniFrac
distance: P < 0.001, R2 = 0.025, Bray-curtis dissimilarity: P
= 0.045, R2 = 0.011, and Jaccard dissimilarity: P < 0.001, R2
= 0.017) and higher relative abundances of taxa identified
by Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) with effect size (Enterococcus,
Pedobacter, Massilia, Prevotella_9, Psychrobacter,
Butyricimonas, Bradyrhizobium, etc., LDA scores > 2.0) when
compared with the control group. The higher pathway abundance
of steroid hormone biosynthesis predicted by oral microbiota
was suggested to be linked to VEVM (q = 0.020).
Further, a model based on oral microbial traits showed good
predictive performance for VEVM with an area under the
receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.920 (95% confidence
interval: 0.834–1.000). Similar results were also obtained
between children with etiologically diagnosed VEVM
(n = 43) and controls (n = 68). Our preliminary study identified
VEVM-specific oral microbial traits among children,
which can be effective in the diagnosis of VEVM.
Citations
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Metagenomic next-generation sequencing and proteomics analysis in pediatric viral encephalitis and meningitis Yi-Long Wang, Xiao-Tong Guo, Meng-Ying Zhu, Yu-Chen Mao, Xue-Bin Xu, Yi Hua, Lu Xu, Li-Hua Jiang, Cong-Ying Zhao, Xin Zhang, Guo-Xia Sheng, Pei-Fang Jiang, Zhe-Feng Yuan, Feng Gao Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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The causative factor of COVID-19, severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is continuously mutating.
Interestingly, identified mutations mainly occur in
the spike (S) protein which interacts with the ACE2 receptor
and is cleaved via serine protease TMPRSS2. Some mutated
strains are becoming dominant in various parts of the globe
because of increased transmissibility as well as cell entry efficacy.
Remarkably, the neutralizing activity of monoclonal
antibodies, convalescent sera, and vaccines against the variants
has been reported to be significantly reduced. Therefore, the
efficacy of various monoclonal antibodies therapy and vaccines
against these variants is becoming a great global concern.
We herein summarize the current status of SARS-CoV-
2 with gears shifted towards the recent and most common
genetic variants in relation to transmission, neutralizing activity,
and vaccine efficacy.
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