Journal of Microbiology

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Delineating the Acquired Genetic Diversity and Multidrug Resistance in Alcaligenes from Poultry Farms and Nearby Soil: Abhilash Bhattacharjee, Anil Kumar Singh; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(7):511-523. Published online June 21, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00129-w

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Abstract: Alcaligenes faecalis is one of the most important and clinically significant environmental pathogens, increasing in importance due to its isolation from soil and nosocomial environments. The Gram-negative soil bacterium is associated with skin endocarditis, bacteremia, dysentery, meningitis, endophthalmitis, urinary tract infections, and pneumonia in patients. With emerging antibiotic resistance in A. faecalis, it has become crucial to understand the origin of such resistance genes within this clinically significant environmental and gut bacterium. In this research, we studied the impact of antibiotic overuse in poultry and its effect on developing resistance in A. faecalis. We sampled soil and faecal materials from five poultry farms, performed whole genome sequencing & analysis and identified four strains of A. faecalis. Furthermore, we characterized the genes in the genomic islands of A. faecalis isolates. We found four multidrug-resistant A. faecalis strains that showed resistance against vancomycin (MIC >1000 μg/ml), ceftazidime (50 μg/ml), colistin (50 μg/ml) and ciprofloxacin (50 μg/ml). From whole genome comparative analysis, we found more than 180 resistance genes compared to the reference sequence. Parts of our assembled contigs were found to be similar to different bacteria which included pbp1A and pbp2 imparting resistance to amoxicillin originally a part of Helicobacter and Bordetella pertussis. We also found the Mycobacterial insertion element IS6110 in the genomic islands of all four genomes. This prominent insertion element can be transferred and induce resistance to other bacterial genomes. The results thus are crucial in understanding the transfer of resistance genes in the environment and can help in developing regimes for antibiotic use in the food and poultry industry.

Cytophaga hutchinsonii chu_2177, encoding the O-antigen ligase, is essential for cellulose degradation: Yahong Tan , Wenxia Song , Lijuan Gao , Weican Zhang , Xuemei Lu; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(4):364-374. Published online January 7, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1531-3

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Cytophaga hutchinsonii can efficiently degrade crystalline cellulose, in which the cell surface cellulases secreted by the type IX secretion system (T9SS) play important roles, but the degradation mechanism remains unclear, and the anchor mechanism of cellulases on the outer membrane in C. hutchinsonii has not been studied. Here, chu_2177 was identified by transposon mutagenesis and was proved to be indispensable for cellulose utilization in C. hutchinsonii. Disruption of chu_2177 resulted in O-antigen deficiency and chu_ 177 could confer O-antigen ligase activity upon an Escherichia coli waal mutant, indicating that chu_2177 encoded the Ontigen ligase. Moreover, deletion of chu_2177 caused defects in cellulose utilization, cell motility, biofilm formation, and stress resistance. Further study showed that the endoglucanase activity was markedly decreased in the outer membrane but was increased in the culture fluid without chu_2177. Western blot proved that endoglucanase CHU_1336 was not located on the outer membrane but was released in the culture fluid of the Δ2177 mutant. Further proteomics analysis showed that many cargo proteins of T9SS were missing in the outer membrane of the Δ2177 mutant. Our study revealed that the deletion of chu_2177 affected the localization of many T9SS cargo proteins including cellulases on the outer membrane of C. hutchinsonii.

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Screening and genome-wide analysis of lignocellulose-degrading bacteria from humic soil
Tianjiao Zhang, Shuli Wei, Yajie Liu, Chao Cheng, Jie Ma, Linfang Yue, Yanrong Gao, Yuchen Cheng, Yongfeng Ren, Shaofeng Su, Xiaoqing Zhao, Zhanyuan Lu
Frontiers in Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The type IX secretion system: Insights into its function and connection to glycosylation in Cytophaga hutchinsonii
Wenxia Song, Xueke Zhuang, Yahong Tan, Qingsheng Qi, Xuemei Lu
Engineering Microbiology.2022; 2(3): 100038. CrossRef

Gramella fulva sp. nov., isolated from a dry surface of tidal flat: Sae Hyun Hwang , Woon Mo Hwang , Keunsoo Kang , Tae-Young Ahn; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(1):23-29. Published online November 19, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8370-x

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Abstract

A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile by means of gliding, and short rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain SH35T, was isolated from the dry surface of a tidal flat in Hwasung-si, South Korea. Growth occurred at 10–40°C (optimum 30°C), at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum pH 7.0), in 1–12% NaCl (optimum 2%), and was inhibited in the absence of NaCl and Ca2+ ions. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SH35T belonged to the genus Gramella and was a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae with highest sequence similarity to Gramella flava JLT2011T (96.1%), followed by Gramella oceani CCAMSZ- TT (95.6%), and 93.0–94.9% to other recognized Gramella species. The major cellular fatty acids (> 5% of the total) of strain SH35T were iso-C15:0, Iso-C16:0, anteiso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 3-OH and summed feature 9 (C16:0 10-methyl and/or C17:1 iso ω9с). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and nine unidentified polar lipids. The major respiratory quinone and the predominant polyamine were menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and symhomospermidine, respectively. The DNA G + C content was 40.5 mol% (39.7% based on total genome calculations). Based on phylogenetic analysis and physiological and biochemical characterization, strain SH35T represents a novel species of the genus Gramella, for which the name Gramella fulva sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SH35T (= KACC 19447T = JCM 32369T).

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Gramella oceanisediminis sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea sediment of the Indian Ocean
Lin Yang, Haolei Shi, Qian Li, Minggang Zheng, Qiliang Lai, Li Zheng
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Proposal of Christiangramia gen. nov., Neomelitea gen. nov. and Nicoliella gen. nov. as replacement names for the illegitimate prokaryotic generic names Gramella Nedashkovskaya et al. 2005, Melitea Urios et al. 2008 and Nicolia Oliphant et al. 2022, respe
Umakant Bhoopati Deshmukh, Aharon Oren
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Gramella sediminis sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat of the Yellow Sea
Hui-Jing Niu, Kai-Shi Dong, Li Guan, Li-Ping Sun, Qin Wang, Yan-Jiao Zhang, Yi Li, Cheng-Qiang Xia, Cai-Xia Pei
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Pyomelanin-Producing Brevundimonas vitisensis sp. nov., Isolated From Grape (Vitis vinifera L.)
Lingmin Jiang, Doeun Jeon, Jueun Kim, Chul Won Lee, Yuxin Peng, Jiyoon Seo, Ju Huck Lee, Jin Hyub Paik, Cha Young Kim, Jiyoung Lee
Frontiers in Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Saccharibacillus brassicae sp. nov., an endophytic bacterium isolated from kimchi cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) seeds
Lingmin Jiang, Chan Ju Lim, Song-Gun Kim, Jae Cheol Jeong, Cha Young Kim, Dae-Hyuk Kim, Suk Weon Kim, Jiyoung Lee
Journal of Microbiology.2020; 58(1): 24. CrossRef
Jejubacter calystegiae gen. nov., sp. nov., moderately halophilic, a new member of the family Enterobacteriaceae, isolated from beach morning glory
Lingmin Jiang, Dexin Wang, Jung-Sook Lee, Dae-Hyuk Kim, Jae Cheol Jeong, Cha Young Kim, Suk Weon Kim, Jiyoung Lee
Journal of Microbiology.2020; 58(5): 357. CrossRef
List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published
Aharon Oren, George Garrity
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2020; 70(3): 1443. CrossRef
Neobacillus endophyticus sp. nov., an endophytic bacterium isolated from Selaginella involvens roots
Lingmin Jiang, Myoung Hui Lee, Jae Cheol Jeong, Dae-Hyuk Kim, Cha Young Kim, Suk Weon Kim, Jiyoung Lee
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Peribacillus faecalis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from the faeces of a cow
Lingmin Jiang, Won Yong Jung, Zhun Li, Mi-Kyung Lee, Seung-Hwan Park, Se Won Kang, Jung-Sook Lee, Hyunjung Jung, Tai-Young Hur, Hyeun Bum Kim, Jae-Kyung Kim, Ju-Hoon Lee, Ju Huck Lee, Jiyoung Lee
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2019;[Epub] CrossRef

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