Abstract
The majority of naturally occurring biofilms contain numerous
microorganisms that have not yet been cultured.
Additionally, there is little information available regarding
the genetic structure and species diversity of these communities.
Therefore, we characterised the species diversity, structure
and metagenome of biofilms grown on stones and
steel plates in the littoral zone of Lake Baikal (East Siberia,
Russia) by applying three different approaches. First, light
microscopy enabled identification of the species diversity of
biofilm-forming cyanobacteria on different substrates with
the dominance of Rivularia rufescens, Tolypothrix limbata,
Chamaesiphon fuscus, Сh. subglobosus, and Heteroleibleinia
pusilla. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy was used
to show the spatial structure of biofilms. Finally, sequence
analysis of 30,660 16S rRNA clones indicated a high diversity
within the biofilm communities, with the majority of the
microbes being closely related to Cyanobacteria (8–46% sequences),
Proteobacteria (14–43%), and Bacteroidetes (10–
41%). Rivularia sp., Pseudanabaena sp., and Chamaesiphon
spp. were the dominant cyanobacterial phylotypes.
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