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HOME > J. Microbiol > Volume 53(2); 2015 > Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Benzaldehyde as an insecticidal, antimicrobial, and antioxidant compound produced by Photorhabdus temperata M1021
Ihsan Ullah 1, Abdul Latif Khan 2, Liaqat Ali 2, Abdur Rahim Khan 1, Muhammad Waqas 1, Javid Hussain 2, In-Jung Lee 1, Jae-Ho Shin 1
Journal of Microbiology 2015;53(2):127-133.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-4632-4
Published online: January 28, 2015
1School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea, 2Department of Biological Science and Chemistry, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman1School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea, 2Department of Biological Science and Chemistry, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
Corresponding author:  Jae-Ho Shin , Tel: +82-53-950-5716, 
Received: 3 November 2014   • Revised: 12 December 2014   • Accepted: 13 December 2014
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Abstract

The Photorhabdus temperata M1021 secretes toxic compounds that kill their insect hosts by arresting immune responses. Present study was aimed to purify the insecticidal and antimicrobial compound(s) from the culture extract of P. temperata M1021 through bioassay guided fractionation. An ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of the P. temperata M1021 exhibited 100% mortality in Galleria mellonella larvae within 72 h. In addition, EtOAc extract and bioactive compound 1 purified form the extract through to column chromatography, showed phenol oxidase inhibition up to 60% and 80% respectively. The analysis of 1H and 13C NMR spectra revealed the identity of pure compound as "benzaldehyde". The benzaldehyde showed insecticidal activity against G. mellonella in a dose-dependent manner and 100% insect mortality was observed at 108 h after injection of 8 mM benzaldehyde. In a PO inhibition assay, 4, 6, and 8 mM concentrations of benzaldehyde were found to inhibit PO activity about 15%, 42%, and 80% respectively. In addition, nodule formation was significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited by 4, 6, and 8 mM of benzaldehyde as compare to control. Moreover, benzaldehyde was found to have great antioxidant activity and maximum antioxidant activity was 52.9% at 8 mM benzaldehyde as compare to control. Antimicrobial activity was assessed by MIC values ranged from 6 mM 10 mM for bacterial strains and 8 mM to 10 mM for fungal strains. The
results
suggest that benzaldehyde could be applicable for developing novel insecticide for agriculture use.

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    Benzaldehyde as an insecticidal, antimicrobial, and antioxidant compound produced by Photorhabdus temperata M1021
    J. Microbiol. 2015;53(2):127-133.   Published online January 28, 2015
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-4632-4
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