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HOME > J. Microbiol > Volume 56(6); 2018 > Article
Review
[MINIREVIEW] Antimicrobial actions of dual oxidases and lactoperoxidase
Demba Sarr , Eszter Tóth , Aaron Gingerich , Balázs Rada
Journal of Microbiology 2018;56(6):373-386.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-7545-1
Published online: June 1, 2018
Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens GA, USADepartment of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens GA, USA
Corresponding author:  Balázs Rada , Tel: +1 706 5423695;, 
Received: 15 December 2017   • Revised: 16 February 2018   • Accepted: 19 February 2018
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Abstract

The NOX/DUOX family of NADPH oxidases are transmembrane proteins generating reactive oxygen species as their primary enzymatic products. NADPH oxidase (NOX) 1–5 and Dual oxidase (DUOX) 1 and 2 are members of this family. These enzymes have several biological functions including immune defense, hormone biosynthesis, fertilization, cell proliferation and differentiation, extracellular matrix formation and vascular regulation. They are found in a variety of tissues such as the airways, salivary glands, colon, thyroid gland and lymphoid organs. The discovery of NADPH oxidases has drastically transformed our view of the biology of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Roles of several isoforms including DUOX1 and DUOX2 in host innate immune defense have been implicated and are still being uncovered. DUOX enzymes highly expressed in the respiratory and salivary gland epithelium have been proposed as the major sources of hydrogen peroxide supporting mucosal oxidative antimicrobial defenses. In this review, we shortly present data on DUOX discovery, structure and function, and provide a detailed, upto- date summary of discoveries regarding antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antiparasitic functions of DUOX enzymes. We also present all the literature describing the immune functions of lactoperoxidase, an enzyme working in partnership with DUOX to produce antimicrobial substances.

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    [MINIREVIEW] Antimicrobial actions of dual oxidases and lactoperoxidase
    J. Microbiol. 2018;56(6):373-386.   Published online June 1, 2018
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-7545-1
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