Abstract
Arctic tundra ecosystems are rapidly changing due to the amplified
effects of global warming within the northern high
latitudes. Warming has the potential to increase the thawing
of the permafrost and to change the landscape and its geochemical
characteristics, as well as terrestrial biota. It is important
to investigate microbial processes and community
structures, since soil microorganisms play a significant role
in decomposing soil organic carbon in the Arctic tundra. In
addition, the feedback from tundra ecosystems to climate
change, including the emission of greenhouse gases into the
atmosphere, is substantially dependent on the compositional
and functional changes in the soil microbiome. This article
reviews the current state of knowledge of the soil microbiome
and the two most abundant greenhouse gas (CO2 and CH4)
emissions, and summarizes permafrost thaw-induced changes
in the Arctic tundra. Furthermore, we discuss future directions
in microbial ecological research coupled with its link
to CO2 and CH4 emissions.
Citations
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