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MINIREVIEW] EAST1 toxin: An enigmatic molecule associated with sporadic episodes of diarrhea in humans and animals
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Review
MINIREVIEW] EAST1 toxin: An enigmatic molecule associated with sporadic episodes of diarrhea in humans and animals
J. Daniel Dubreuil
Journal of Microbiology 2019;57(7):541-549
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8651-4
Published online: June 27, 2019
Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec J2S 2M2, CanadaFaculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec J2S 2M2, Canada
Corresponding author:  J. Daniel Dubreuil , Tel: +1(450) 773-8521 #8433, 
Received: 28 November 2018   • Revised: 10 January 2019   • Accepted: 7 February 2019
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Abstract

EAST1 is produced by a subset of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strains. This toxin is a 38-amino acid peptide of 4100 Da. It shares 50% homology with the enterotoxic domain of STa and interacts with the same receptor. The mechanism of action of EAST1is proposed to be identical to that of STa eliciting a cGMP increase. EAST1 is associated with diarrheal disease in Man and various animal species including cattle and swine. Nevertheless, as EAST1-positive strains as well as culture supernatants did not provoke unequivocally diarrhea either in animal models or in human volunteers, the role of this toxin in disease is today still debated. This review intent is to examine the role of EAST1 toxin in diarrheal illnesses.

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    MINIREVIEW] EAST1 toxin: An enigmatic molecule associated with sporadic episodes of diarrhea in humans and animals
    J. Microbiol. 2019;57(7):541-549.   Published online June 27, 2019
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8651-4
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