Abstract
Salterns are hypersaline extreme environments with unique
physicochemical properties such as a salinity gradient. Although
the investigation of microbiota in salterns has focused
on archaea and bacteria, diverse fungi also thrive in the brine
and soil of salterns. Fungi isolated from salterns are represented
by black yeasts (Hortaea werneckii, Phaeotheca triangularis,
Aureobasidium pullulans, and Trimmatostroma salinum),
Cladosporium, Aspergillus, and Penicillium species. Most
studies on saltern-derived fungi gave attention to black yeasts
and their physiological characteristics, including growth under
various culture conditions. Since then, biochemical and
molecular tools have been employed to explore adaptation of
these fungi to salt stress. Genome databases of several fungi
in salterns are now publicly available and being used to elucidate
salt tolerance mechanisms and discover the target genes
for agricultural and industrial applications. Notably, the number
of enzymes and novel metabolites known to be produced
by diverse saltern-derived fungi has increased significantly.
Therefore, fungi in salterns are not only interesting and important
subjects to study fungal biodiversity and adaptive
mechanisms in extreme environments, but also valuable bioresources
with potential for biotechnological applications.
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