Lactobacillus plantarum lipoteichoic acid disrupts mature Enterococcus faecalis biofilm

A Reum Kim; Minji Kang; Yeon-Jee Yoo; Cheol-Heui Yun; Hiran Perinpanayagam; Kee-Yeon Kum; Seung Hyun Han

doi:10.1007/s12275-020-9518-4

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Lactobacillus plantarum lipoteichoic acid disrupts mature Enterococcus faecalis biofilm: A Reum Kim ¹, Minji Kang ², Yeon-Jee Yoo ², Cheol-Heui Yun ³, Hiran Perinpanayagam ⁴, Kee-Yeon Kum ^2,5, Seung Hyun Han ⁶; Journal of Microbiology 2020;58(4):314-319
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9518-4
Published online: January 28, 2020

¹Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea , ²Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea, ³Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea, ⁴Division of Restorative Dentistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, ⁵National Dental Care Center for Persons with Special Needs, Seoul National University Dental Hospital for Persons with Special Needs, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea, ⁶Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea¹Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea , ²Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea, ³Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea, ⁴Division of Restorative Dentistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, ⁵National Dental Care Center for Persons with Special Needs, Seoul National University Dental Hospital for Persons with Special Needs, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea, ⁶Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea

Corresponding author: Kee-Yeon Kum , Tel: +82-2-880-2310;,
Seung Hyun Han , Tel: +82-2-880-2310;,

Received: 1 November 2019 • Revised: 23 December 2019 • Accepted: 23 December 2019

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Abstract

Apical periodontitis is caused by biofilm-mediated root canal infection. Early phase oral bacterial biofilms are inhibited by Lactobacillus plantarum lipoteichoic acid (Lp.LTA). However, mature biofilms that develop over 3 weeks are more resistant to traditional endodontic medicaments. Therefore, this study examined the effectiveness of Lp.LTA on disrupting mature Enterococcus faecalis biofilms, and on enhancing the effects of endodontic medicaments. LTA was purified from L. plantarum through butanol extraction followed by hydrophobic and ion-exchange chromatography. E. faecalis biofilms were formed over 3 weeks on glass bottom dishes and in dentin blocks obtained from human single-rooted premolars. These mature biofilms were treated with or without Lp.LTA for 1 h, followed by additional treatment with either chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), calcium hydroxide (CH), or triple antibiotics for 24 h. Biofilms on glass were live/dead stained and quantified by ZEN through confocal laser microscopy. Biofilms in dentin were fixed, sputter coated and analyzed by ImageJ with scanning electron microscopy. Preformed E. faecalis mature biofilms on the culture dishes were dose-dependently disrupted by Lp.LTA. Lp.LTA potentiated the effects of CHX or CH on the disruption of mature biofilm. Interestingly, CHX-induced disruption of preformed E. faecalis mature biofilms was synergistically enhanced only when pretreated with Lp.LTA. Furthermore, in the dentin block model, Lp.LTA alone reduced E. faecalis mature biofilm and pre-treatment with Lp.LTA promoted the anti-biofilm activity of CHX. Lp.LTA could be an anti-biofilm or supplementary agent that can be effective for E. faecalis-biofilminduced diseases.

Keywords: apical periodontitis; Enterococcus faecalis; Lactobacillus plantarum; lipoteichoic acid; mature biofilm

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Lactobacillus plantarum lipoteichoic acid disrupts mature Enterococcus faecalis biofilm

J. Microbiol. 2020;58(4):314-319. Published online January 28, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9518-4

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