Abstract
The marine bacterium, Bacillus sp. SY-1, produced algicidal
compounds that are notably active against the bloom-forming
alga Cochlodinium polykrikoides. We isolated three algicidal
compounds and identified these as mycosubtilins with
molecular weights of 1056, 1070, and 1084 (designated MS
1056, 1070, and 1084, respectively), based on amino acid
analyses and 1H, 13C, and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic
resonance spectroscopy, including 1H-15N heteronuclear
multiple bond correlation analysis. MS 1056 contains a β-
amino acid residue with an alkyl side chain of C15, which has
not previously been seen in known mycosubtilin families.
MS 1056, 1070, and 1084 showed algicidal activities against
C. polykrikoides with 6-h LC50 values of 2.3 ± 0.4, 0.8 ± 0.2,
and 0.6 ± 0.1 μg/ml, respectively. These compounds also
showed significant algicidal activities against other harmful
algal bloom species. In contrast, MS 1084 showed no significant
growth inhibitory effects against other organisms, including
bacteria and microalgae, although does inhibit the
growth of some fungi and yeasts. These observations imply
that the algicidal bacterium Bacillus sp. SY-1 and its algicidal
compounds could play an important role in regulating the
onset and development of harmful algal blooms in natural
environments.
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