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Antiviral Activity Against SARS‑CoV‑2 Variants Using in Silico and in Vitro Approaches
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Journal Article
Antiviral Activity Against SARS‑CoV‑2 Variants Using in Silico and in Vitro Approaches
Hee-Jung Lee 1, Hanul Choi 1, Aleksandra Nowakowska 1, Lin-Woo Kang 2, Minjee Kim 1, Young Bong Kim 1
Journal of Microbiology 2023;61(7):703-711
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00062-4
Published online: June 26, 2023
1Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea, 2Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea1Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea, 2Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
Corresponding author:  Minjee Kim ,
Young Bong Kim ,
Received: 23 March 2023   • Revised: 17 May 2023   • Accepted: 26 May 2023
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emergence in 2019 led to global health crises and the persistent risk of viral mutations. To combat SARS-CoV-2 variants, researchers have explored new approaches to identifying potential targets for coronaviruses. This study aimed to identify SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors using drug repurposing. In silico studies and network pharmacology were conducted to validate targets and coronavirus-associated diseases to select potential candidates, and in vitro assays were performed to evaluate the antiviral effects of the candidate drugs to elucidate the mechanisms of the viruses at the molecular level and determine the effective antiviral drugs for them. Plaque and cytopathic effect reduction were evaluated, and real-time quantitative reverse transcription was used to evaluate the antiviral activity of the candidate drugs against SARS-CoV-2 variants in vitro. Finally, a comparison was made between the molecular docking binding affinities of fenofibrate and remdesivir (positive control) to conventional and identified targets validated from protein–protein interaction (PPI). Seven candidate drugs were obtained based on the biological targets of the coronavirus, and potential targets were identified by constructing complex disease targets and PPI networks. Among the candidates, fenofibrate exhibited the strongest inhibition effect 1 h after Vero E6 cell infection with SARS-CoV-2 variants. This study identified potential targets for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and SARS-CoV-2 and suggested fenofibrate as a potential therapy for COVID-19.

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    Antiviral Activity Against SARS‑CoV‑2 Variants Using in Silico and in Vitro Approaches
    J. Microbiol. 2023;61(7):703-711.   Published online June 26, 2023
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