Journal of Microbiology

Volume 60(4); April 2022

Review

[Minireview]The rationale and potential for using Lactobacillus in the management of periodontitis: Jiaqi Wang , Yingman Liu , Weiru Wang , Jiaojiao Ma , Manman Zhang , Xiaoying Lu , Jie Liu , Yurong Kou; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(4):355-363. Published online March 28, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1514-4

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Periodontitis refers to a wide range of the inflammatory conditions of supporting dental structures. For some patients with periodontitis, antibacterial agents are needed as an adjuvant to mechanical debridement treatments and oral hygiene maintenance. However, the widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics for the prophylaxis and treatment of periodontal infections
results
in the emergence of resistant pathogens. Therefore, probiotics have become markedly interesting to researchers as a potentially safe alternative to periodontal treatment and maintenance. Probiotics have been used in medicine for decades and extensively applied to the treatment of inflammatory diseases through the modulation of microbial synergy and other mechanisms. A growing amount of evidence has shown that using Lactobacillus strains for oral cavity maintenance could improve periodontal health. In this study, we reviewed studies showing proof of the inhibitory effects of Lactobacillus species on periodontal inflammation. We also explored the rationale and potential for using Lactobacillus species in the management of periodontitis.

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The Effectiveness of Probiotics on Oral Health During Adult Orthodontic Treatment With Fixed Appliances: A Two-Arm Parallel-Group Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Lana Hasan Albardawel, Kinda Sultan, Mohammad Y. Hajeer, Mohammad Maarouf
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
New insights into nanotherapeutics for periodontitis: a triple concerto of antimicrobial activity, immunomodulation and periodontium regeneration
Jiaxin Li, Yuxiao Wang, Maomao Tang, Chengdong Zhang, Yachen Fei, Meng Li, Mengjie Li, Shuangying Gui, Jian Guo
Journal of Nanobiotechnology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
HAMLET, a human milk protein-lipid complex, modulates amoxicillin induced changes in an ex vivo biofilm model of the oral microbiome
Navdeep Kaur Brar, Achal Dhariwal, Sudhanshu Shekhar, Roger Junges, Anders P. Hakansson, Fernanda Cristina Petersen
Frontiers in Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Limosilactobacillus reuteri supernatant attenuates inflammatory responses of human gingival fibroblasts to LPS but not to elevated glucose levels
T. M. Janson, L. L. Ramenzoni, C. R. Hatz, U. Schlagenhauf, T. Attin, P. R. Schmidlin
Journal of Periodontal Research.2024; 59(5): 974. CrossRef
Microbiological and clinical effects of probiotic-related Zeger therapy on gingival health: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Xin Chen, Yi Zhao, Kun Xue, Mengyao Leng, Wei Yin
BMC Oral Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Mediterranean diet: a potential player in the link between oral microbiome and oral diseases
Giuseppina Augimeri, Giovanna Caparello, Ippolito Caputo, Rodolfo Reda, Luca Testarelli, Daniela Bonofiglio
Journal of Oral Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of Dietary Composite Probiotic Supplementation on the Microbiota of Different Oral Sites in Cats
Mingrui Zhang, Yingyue Cui, Xiaoying Mei, Longxian Li, Haotian Wang, Yingying Li, Yi Wu
Veterinary Sciences.2024; 11(8): 351. CrossRef
Efficacy of the Probiotic L. brevis in Counteracting the Demineralizing Process of the Tooth Enamel Surface: Results from an In Vitro Study
Serena Altamura, Francesca Rosaria Augello, Eleonora Ortu, Davide Pietropaoli, Benedetta Cinque, Mario Giannoni, Francesca Lombardi
Biomolecules.2024; 14(5): 605. CrossRef
Effects of systemic Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus probiotics on the ligature-induced periodontitis in rat
Ying-Wu Chen, Ming-Lun Lee, Cheng-Yang Chiang, Earl Fu
Journal of Dental Sciences.2023; 18(4): 1477. CrossRef
Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Effects of Lyophilized Cell-Free Probiotic Supernatants of Three Lactobacillus spp. and Their Cytocompatibility Against Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells
Maryam Torshabi, Mohammad Mahdi Bardouni, Atieh Hashemi
Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Managing Oral Health in the Context of Antimicrobial Resistance
Lucinda J. Bessa, João Botelho, Vanessa Machado, Ricardo Alves, José João Mendes
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(24): 16448. CrossRef
Use of the Probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 in Oral Diseases
Lisa Danielly Curcino Araujo, Flávia Aparecida Chaves Furlaneto, Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva, Yvonne L. Kapila
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(16): 9334. CrossRef

Journal Articles

Cytophaga hutchinsonii chu_2177, encoding the O-antigen ligase, is essential for cellulose degradation: Yahong Tan , Wenxia Song , Lijuan Gao , Weican Zhang , Xuemei Lu; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(4):364-374. Published online January 7, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1531-3

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Abstract

Cytophaga hutchinsonii can efficiently degrade crystalline cellulose, in which the cell surface cellulases secreted by the type IX secretion system (T9SS) play important roles, but the degradation mechanism remains unclear, and the anchor mechanism of cellulases on the outer membrane in C. hutchinsonii has not been studied. Here, chu_2177 was identified by transposon mutagenesis and was proved to be indispensable for cellulose utilization in C. hutchinsonii. Disruption of chu_2177 resulted in O-antigen deficiency and chu_ 177 could confer O-antigen ligase activity upon an Escherichia coli waal mutant, indicating that chu_2177 encoded the Ontigen ligase. Moreover, deletion of chu_2177 caused defects in cellulose utilization, cell motility, biofilm formation, and stress resistance. Further study showed that the endoglucanase activity was markedly decreased in the outer membrane but was increased in the culture fluid without chu_2177. Western blot proved that endoglucanase CHU_1336 was not located on the outer membrane but was released in the culture fluid of the Δ2177 mutant. Further proteomics analysis showed that many cargo proteins of T9SS were missing in the outer membrane of the Δ2177 mutant. Our study revealed that the deletion of chu_2177 affected the localization of many T9SS cargo proteins including cellulases on the outer membrane of C. hutchinsonii.

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Screening and genome-wide analysis of lignocellulose-degrading bacteria from humic soil
Tianjiao Zhang, Shuli Wei, Yajie Liu, Chao Cheng, Jie Ma, Linfang Yue, Yanrong Gao, Yuchen Cheng, Yongfeng Ren, Shaofeng Su, Xiaoqing Zhao, Zhanyuan Lu
Frontiers in Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The type IX secretion system: Insights into its function and connection to glycosylation in Cytophaga hutchinsonii
Wenxia Song, Xueke Zhuang, Yahong Tan, Qingsheng Qi, Xuemei Lu
Engineering Microbiology.2022; 2(3): 100038. CrossRef

Characterization of a cold-adapted debranching enzyme and its role in glycogen metabolism and virulence of Vibrio vulnificus MO6-24/O: Ah-Reum Han , Haeyoung Kim , Jong-Tae Park , Jung-Wan Kim; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(4):375-386. Published online February 14, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1507-3

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Abstract

Vibrio vulnificus MO6-24/O has three genes annotated as debranching enzymes or pullulanase genes. Among them, the gene encoded by VVMO6_03032 (vvde1) shares a higher similarity at the amino acid sequence level to the glycogen debranching enzymes, AmyX of Bacillus subtilis (40.5%) and GlgX of Escherichia coli (55.5%), than those encoded by the other two genes. The vvde1 gene encoded a protein with a molecular mass of 75.56 kDa and purified Vvde1 efficiently hydrolyzed glycogen and pullulan to shorter chains of maltodextrin and maltotriose (G3), respectively. However, it hydrolyzed amylopectin and soluble starch far less efficiently, and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) only rarely. The optimal pH and temperature of Vvde1 was 6.5 and 25°C, respectively. Vvde1 was a cold-adapted debranching enzyme with more than 60% residual activity at 5°C. It could maintain stability for 2 days at 25°C and 1 day at 35°C, but it destabilized drastically at 40°C. The Vvde1 activity was inhibited considerably by Cu2+, Hg2+, and Zn2+, while it was slightly enhanced by Co2+, Ca2+, Ni2+, and Fe2+. The vvde1 knock-out mutant accumulated more glycogen than the wild-type in media supplemented with 1.0% maltodextrin; however, the side chain length distribution of glycogen was similar to that of the wild-type except G3, which was much more abundant in the mutant. Therefore, Vvde1 seemed to debranch glycogen with the degree of polymerization 3 (DP3) as the specific target branch length. Virulence of the pathogen against Caenorhabditis elegans was attenuated significantly by the vvde1 mutation. These results suggest that Vvde1 might be a unique glycogen debranching enzyme that is involved in both glycogen utilization and shaping of glycogen molecules, and contributes toward virulence of the pathogen.

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Characterization of glycogen-related glycoside hydrolase glgX and glgB from Klebsiella pneumoniae and their roles in biofilm formation and virulence
Xinyue Liu, Jialin Li, Ruibing Wu, Liping Bai
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Function of the mdxR gene encoding a novel regulator for carbohydrate metabolism and sporulation in Bacillus subtilis 168
Tianshi Wang, Jung-Wan Kim
Archives of Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Identification of a novel cyclomaltodextrinase annotated as a neopullulanase in the genome of Bacillus cereus
Bo-Ram Park, Davoodbasha MubarakAli, Jung-Wan Kim
Archives of Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Functional conservation of specialized ribosomes bearing genome-encoded variant rRNAs in Vibrio species
Younkyung Choi, Eunkyoung Shin, Minho Lee, Ji-Hyun Yeom, Kangseok Lee, Bashir Sajo Mienda
PLOS ONE.2023; 18(12): e0289072. CrossRef
Functional characterization of maltodextrin glucosidase for maltodextrin and glycogen metabolism in Vibrio vulnificus MO6-24/O
Hye-Young Kim, MubarakAli Davoodbasha, Jung-Wan Kim
Archives of Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Characterization of components of a reducing system for SoxR in the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli: Kang-Lok Lee , Kyung-Chang Lee , Joon-Hee Lee , Jung-Hye Roe; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(4):387-394. Published online March 28, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1667-1

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Abstract

A reducing system of SoxR, a regulator of redox-active molecules, was identified as rsxABCDGE gene products and RseC in Escherichia coli through genetic studies. We found that ApbE was an additional component of the reducer system. Bacterial two hybrid analysis revealed that these proteins indeed had multiple interactions among themselves. RseC and RsxB formed the core of the complex, interacting with more than five other components. RsxC, the only cytoplasmic component of the system, interacted with SoxR. It might be linked with the rest of the complex via RsxB. Membrane fractions containing the wild type complex but not the mutant complex reduced purified SoxR using NADH as an electron source. These results suggest that Rsx genes, RseC, and ApbE can form a complex using NAD(P)H to reduce SoxR.

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AcrAB-TolC efflux pump overexpression and tet(A) gene mutation increase tigecycline resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae
Zhaoxin Xia, Jing zhou, Nana Gao, Ge Li, Runde Liu, Guoping Lu, Jilu Shen
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The Na+-translocating NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (Na+-NQR): Physiological role, structure and function of a redox-driven, molecular machine
Julia Steuber, Günter Fritz
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics.2024; 1865(4): 149485. CrossRef
Functional analysis of bacterial genes accidentally packaged in rhizospheric phageome of the wild plant species Abutilon fruticosum
Ruba Abdulrahman Ashy
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences.2023; 30(10): 103789. CrossRef

Structural and biochemical analysis of the PTPN4 PDZ domain bound to the C-terminal tail of the human papillomavirus E6 oncoprotein: Hye Seon Lee , Hye-Yeoung Yun , Eun-Woo Lee , Ho-Chul Shin , Seung Jun Kim , Bonsu Ku; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(4):395-401. Published online January 28, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1606-1

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Abstract

High-risk genotypes of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are directly implicated in various abnormalities associated with cellular hyperproliferation, including cervical cancer. E6 is one of two oncoproteins encoded in the HPV genome, which recruits diverse PSD-95/Dlg/ZO-1 (PDZ) domain-containing human proteins through its C-terminal PDZ-binding motif (PBM) to be degraded by means of the proteasome pathway. Among the three PDZ domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatases, protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 3 (PTPN3) and PTPN13 were identified to be recognized by HPV E6 in a PBM-dependent manner. However, whether HPV E6 associates with PTPN4, which also has a PDZ domain and functions as an apoptosis regulator, remains undetermined. Herein, we present structural and biochemical evidence demonstrating the direct interaction between the PBM of HPV16 E6 and the PDZ domain of human PTPN4 for the first time. X-ray crystallographic structure determination and binding measurements using isothermal titration calorimetry demonstrated that hydrophobic interactions in which Leu158 of HPV16 E6 plays a key role and a network of intermolecular hydrogen bonds sustain the complex formation between PTPN4 PDZ and the PBM of HPV16 E6. In addition, it was verified that the corresponding motifs from several other highrisk HPV genotypes, including HPV18, HPV31, HPV33, and HPV45, bind to PTPN4 PDZ with comparable affinities, suggesting that PTPN4 is a common target of various pathogenic HPV genotypes.

Citations

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Bioinformatics Analysis of Human Papillomavirus 16 Integration in Cervical Cancer: Changes in MAGI-1 Expression in Premalignant Lesions and Invasive Carcinoma
Oscar Catalán-Castorena, Olga Lilia Garibay-Cerdenares, Berenice Illades-Aguiar, Rocio Castillo-Sánchez, Ma. Isabel Zubillaga-Guerrero, Marco Antonio Leyva-Vazquez, Sergio Encarnacion-Guevara, Eugenia Flores-Alfaro, Mónica Ramirez-Ruano, Luz del Carmen Al
Cancers.2024; 16(12): 2225. CrossRef
Comparative structural studies on Bovine papillomavirus E6 oncoproteins: Novel insights into viral infection and cell transformation from homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulations
Lucas Alexandre Barbosa de Oliveira Santos, Tales de Albuquerque Leite Feitosa, Marcus Vinicius de Aragão Batista
Genetics and Molecular Biology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Crystal Structures of Plk1 Polo-Box Domain Bound to the Human Papillomavirus Minor Capsid Protein L2-Derived Peptide
Sujin Jung, Hye Seon Lee, Ho-Chul Shin, Joon Sig Choi, Seung Jun Kim, Bonsu Ku
Journal of Microbiology.2023; 61(8): 755. CrossRef
The effects of HPV oncoproteins on host communication networks: Therapeutic connotations
Josipa Skelin, Ho Yin Luk, Dražan Butorac, Siaw Shi Boon, Vjekoslav Tomaić
Journal of Medical Virology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Structural analysis of human papillomavirus E6 interactions with Scribble PDZ domains
Bryce Z. Stewart, Sofia Caria, Patrick O. Humbert, Marc Kvansakul
The FEBS Journal.2023; 290(11): 2868. CrossRef
Viral manipulation of cell polarity signalling
Airah Javorsky, Patrick O. Humbert, Marc Kvansakul
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research.2023; 1870(7): 119536. CrossRef
Mechanistic role of HPV-associated early proteins in cervical cancer: Molecular pathways and targeted therapeutic strategies
Rahul Bhattacharjee, Sabya Sachi Das, Smruti Sudha Biswal, Arijit Nath, Debangshi Das, Asmita Basu, Sumira Malik, Lamha Kumar, Sulagna Kar, Sandeep Kumar Singh, Vijay Jagdish Upadhye, Danish Iqbal, Suliman Almojam, Shubhadeep Roychoudhury, Shreesh Ojha, J
Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology.2022; 174: 103675. CrossRef

Down-regulation of microRNA-155 suppressed Candida albicans induced acute lung injury by activating SOCS1 and inhibiting inflammation response: Xiaohua Li , Yuanzhong Gong , Xin Lin , Qiong Lin , Jianxiong Luo , Tianxing Yu , Junping Xu , Lifang Chen , Liyu Xu , Ying Hu; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(4):402-410. Published online February 14, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1663-5

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Abstract

Acute lung injury caused by Candida albicans could result in high mortality and morbidity. MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) have been believed to play a key in the regulation of inflammatory response. Whether miR-155/SOCS1 axis could regulate the acute lung injury caused by C. albicans has not been reported. The acute lung injury animal model was established with acute infection of C. albicans. miR-155 inhibitor, miR-155 mimic, and sh-SOCS1 were constructed. The binding site between miR- 155 and SOCS1 was identified with dual luciferase reporter assay. Knockdown of miR-155 markedly inhibited the germ tube formation of C. albicans. Knockdown of miR-155 significantly up-regulated the expression of SOCS1, and the binding site between miR-155 and SOCS1 was identified. Knockdown of miR-155 improved the acute lung injury, suppressed inflammatory factors and fungus loading through SOCS1. Knockdown of SOCS1 greatly reversed the influence of miR- 155 inhibitor on the cell apoptosis in vitro. The improvement of acute lung injury caused by C. albicans, suppression of inflammatory response and C. albicans infection, and inhibitor of cell apoptosis were achieved by knocking down miR-155 through SOCS1. This research might provide a new thought for the prevention and treatment of acute lung injury caused by C. albicans through targeting miR-155/SOCS1 axis.

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Role of microRNAs in Immune Regulation with Translational and Clinical Applications
Zsuzsanna Gaál
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(3): 1942. CrossRef
miR‑186‑5p regulates the inflammatory response of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder by targeting HIF‑1α
Yihui Fu, Jie Zhao, Jie Chen, Yamei Zheng, Rubing Mo, Lei Zhang, Bingli Zhang, Qi Lin, Chanyi He, Siguang Li, Lingsang Lin, Tian Xie, Yipeng Ding
Molecular Medicine Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Targeting microRNAs as a promising anti-cancer therapeutic strategy against traffic-related air pollution-mediated lung cancer
Hamed Kazemi Shariat Panahi, Mona Dehhaghi, Gilles J. Guillemin, Wanxi Peng, Mortaza Aghbashlo, Meisam Tabatabaei
Cancer and Metastasis Reviews.2024; 43(2): 657. CrossRef
MicroRNAs: Regulators of the host antifungal immune response
Yanchen Lin, Ping Li, Jinliang Teng, Chunhua Liao
Perioperative Precision Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Total saponins from Panax japonicus reduce inflammation in adipocytes through the miR155/SOCS1/NFκB signaling pathway
Yan Gao, Rui Wang, Luoying Li, Yumin He, Ding Yuan, Yifan Zhang, Yaqi Hu, Shuwen Wang, Chengfu Yuan
Phytomedicine.2023; 115: 154827. CrossRef
Unraveling Therapeutic Opportunities and the Diagnostic Potential of microRNAs for Human Lung Cancer
Osama Sweef, Elsayed Zaabout, Ahmed Bakheet, Mohamed Halawa, Ibrahim Gad, Mohamed Akela, Ehab Tousson, Ashraf Abdelghany, Saori Furuta
Pharmaceutics.2023; 15(8): 2061. CrossRef

Regulatory role of cysteines in (2R, 3R)-butanediol dehydrogenase BdhA of Bacillus velezensis strain GH1-13: Yunhee Choi , Yong-Hak Kim; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(4):411-418. Published online March 14, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2018-y

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Abstract

Bacillus velezensis strain GH1-13 contains a (2R,3R)-butanediol dehydrogenase (R-BDH) BdhA which converts acetoin to R-BD reversibly, however, little is known about its regulatory cysteine and biological significance. We performed sitedirected mutation of three cysteines in BdhA. The C37S mutant had no enzyme activity and the C34S and C177S mutants differed from each other and wild type (WT). After zinc affinity chromatography, 1 mM ZnCl2 treatment resulted in a 3-fold enhancement of the WT activity, but reduced activity of the C34S mutant by more than 2 folds compared to the untreated ones. However, ZnCl2 treatment did not affect the activity of the C177S mutant. Most of the double and triple mutant proteins (C34S/C37S, C34S/C177S, C37S/C177S, and C34S/C37S/C177S) were aggregated in zinc resins, likely due to the decreased protein stability. All of the purified WT and single mutant proteins increased multiple intermolecular disulfide bonds in the presence of H2O2 as the buffer pH decreased from 7.5 to 5.5, whereas an intramolecular disulfide bond of cysteine 177 and another cysteine in the CGIC motif region was likely formed at pH higher than pKa of 7.5. When pH varied, WT and its C34S or C177S mutants reduced acetoin to R-BD at the optimum pH 5.5 and oxidized R-BD to acetoin at the optimum pH 10. This study demonstrated that cysteine residues in BdhA play a regulatory role for the production of acetoin and R-BD depending on pH as well as metal binding and oxidative stress.

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Significantly enhanced specific activity of Bacillus subtilis (2,3)-butanediol dehydrogenase through computer-aided refinement of its substrate-binding pocket
Bochun Hu, Xiaoqi Xi, Fugang Xiao, Xiaomeng Bai, Yuanyuan Gong, Yifan Li, Xueqin Qiao, Cunduo Tang, Jihong Huang
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2024; 281: 136443. CrossRef
Structural and enzymatic characterization of Bacillus subtilis R,R-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase
Xiaofei Wang, Lingyun Jia, Fangling Ji
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects.2023; 1867(4): 130326. CrossRef
Engineering a BsBDHA substrate-binding pocket entrance for the improvement in catalytic performance toward (R)-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol based on the computer-aided design
Bo-Chun Hu, Meng-Ran Li, Ying-Ying Li, Xin-Shuang Yuan, Yu-Ye Hu, Fu-Gang Xiao
Biochemical Engineering Journal.2023; 194: 108907. CrossRef

Gut microbiota metabolic characteristics in coronary artery disease patients with hyperhomocysteine: Ran Tian , Hong-Hong Liu , Si-Qin Feng , Yi-Fei Wang , Yi-Yang Wang , Yu-Xiong Chen , Hui Wang , Shu-Yang Zhang; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(4):419-428. Published online March 4, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1451-2

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Abstract

Hyperhomocysteine (HHcy) is known as a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Despite the knowledge that gut microbiota related metabolism pathway shares metabolites with that of Hcy, little has been shown concerning the association between HHcy and gut microbiota. To explore their relationship in the context of CAD, 105 patients and 14 healthy controls were recruited from one single medical center located in Beijing, China. Their serum and fecal samples were collected, with multi-omics analyses performed via LC/MS/ MS and 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region sequencing, respectively. Participants from the prospective cohort were divided into CAD, CAD & HHcy and healthy controls (HC) groups based on the diagnosis and serum Hcy concentration. The
results
revealed significant different metabolic signatures between CAD and CAD & HHcy groups. CAD patients with HHcy suffered a heavier atherosclerotic burden compared to CAD patients, and the difference was closely associated to betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (BHMT)-related metabolites and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)-related metabolites. Dimethylglycine (DMG) exhibited a strong positive correlation with serum total Hcy (tHcy), and TMAO and trimethylysine (TML) were associated with heavier atherosclerotic burden. Multiple other metabolites were also identified to be related to distinct cardiovascular risk factors. Additionally, Clostridium cluster IV and Butyricimonas were enriched in CAD patients with elevated tHcy. Our study suggested that CAD patients with elevated tHcy were correlated with higher atherosclerotic burden, and the impaired Hcy metabolism and cardiovascular risk were closely associated with BHMT-related metabolites, TMAO-related metabolites and impaired gut microbiota homeostasis.

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Unravelling the Gut Microbiome Role in Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis
Diana Martins, Cláudia Silva, António Carlos Ferreira, Sara Dourado, Ana Albuquerque, Francisca Saraiva, Ana Beatriz Batista, Pedro Castro, Adelino Leite-Moreira, António S. Barros, Isabel M. Miranda
Biomolecules.2024; 14(6): 731. CrossRef
Gut Commensal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron Promote Atherothrombosis via Regulating L-Tryptophan Metabolism
Honghong Liu, Siqin Feng, Muyun Tang, Ran Tian, Shuyang Zhang
Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Relation between homocysteine-to-adropin ratio and severity of coronary artery disease
Ola Hassan Abd Elaziz, Bassem Mohamed Abdel Hady, Ghada Mohamed S Ahmad, Safaa Abo Alfadl Mohamed, Abeer Ahmed Elmalah, Inass Hassan Ahmad, Entesar O Elsaghier, Marwa FM Elsayed, Hala Naguib Mohamed, Marwa Khairy Abd Elwahab, Ahmed Salah
Electronic Journal of General Medicine.2024; 21(1): em556. CrossRef
Association of serum homocysteine levels with intestinal flora and cognitive function in schizophrenia
Hehua Li, Hanqiu Li, Zhimin Zhu, Xiang Xiong, Yuanyuan Huang, Yangdong Feng, Zezhi Li, Kai Wu, Fengchun Wu
Journal of Psychiatric Research.2023; 159: 258. CrossRef
Association analysis of gut microbiota-metabolites-neuroendocrine changes in male rats acute exposure to simulated altitude of 5500 m
Jianan Wang, Shiying Liu, Yalei Xie, Chengli Xu
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Alterations of oral microbiota in Chinese children with viral encephalitis and/or viral meningitis: Yijie Li , Jing Liu , Yimin Zhu , Chunying Peng , Yao Dong , Lili Liu , Yining He , Guoping Lu , Yingjie Zheng; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(4):429-437. Published online February 14, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1560-y

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Abstract

The role of oral microbiota in viral encephalitis and/or viral meningitis (VEVM) remains unclear. In this hospital-based, frequency-matched study, children with clinically diagnosed VEVM (n = 68) and those with other diseases (controls, n = 68) were recruited. Their oral swab samples were collected and the oral microbiota was profiled using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The oral microbiota of children with VEVM exhibited different beta diversity metrics (unweighted UniFrac distance: P < 0.001, R2 = 0.025, Bray-curtis dissimilarity: P = 0.045, R2 = 0.011, and Jaccard dissimilarity: P < 0.001, R2 = 0.017) and higher relative abundances of taxa identified by Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) with effect size (Enterococcus, Pedobacter, Massilia, Prevotella_9, Psychrobacter, Butyricimonas, Bradyrhizobium, etc., LDA scores > 2.0) when compared with the control group. The higher pathway abundance of steroid hormone biosynthesis predicted by oral microbiota was suggested to be linked to VEVM (q = 0.020). Further, a model based on oral microbial traits showed good predictive performance for VEVM with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.920 (95% confidence interval: 0.834–1.000). Similar results were also obtained between children with etiologically diagnosed VEVM (n = 43) and controls (n = 68). Our preliminary study identified VEVM-specific oral microbial traits among children, which can be effective in the diagnosis of VEVM.

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Metagenomic next-generation sequencing and proteomics analysis in pediatric viral encephalitis and meningitis
Yi-Long Wang, Xiao-Tong Guo, Meng-Ying Zhu, Yu-Chen Mao, Xue-Bin Xu, Yi Hua, Lu Xu, Li-Hua Jiang, Cong-Ying Zhao, Xin Zhang, Guo-Xia Sheng, Pei-Fang Jiang, Zhe-Feng Yuan, Feng Gao
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Bacterial Biomarkers of the Oropharyngeal and Oral Cavity during SARS-CoV-2 Infection
William Bourumeau, Karine Tremblay, Guillaume Jourdan, Catherine Girard, Catherine Laprise
Microorganisms.2023; 11(11): 2703. CrossRef

The novel antifungal agent AB-22 displays in vitro activity against hyphal growth and biofilm formation in Candida albicans and potency for treating systemic candidiasis: Kyung-Tae Lee , Dong-Gi Lee , Ji Won Choi , Jong-Hyun Park , Ki Duk Park , Jong-Seung Lee , Yong-Sun Bahn; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(4):438-443. Published online March 14, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2016-0

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Abstract: Systemic candidiasis, which is mainly caused by Candida albicans, is a serious acute fungal infection in the clinical setting. In a previous study, we reported that compound 22h (designated as AB-22 in this study), a vinyl sulfate compound, is a fast-acting fungicidal agent against a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens. In this study, we aimed to further analyze the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of AB-22 against filamentation, biofilm formation, and virulence of C. albicans. Under in vitro hyphal growth-inducing condition, AB-22 effectively inhibited germ tube formation and hyphal growth, which are required for the initiation of biofilm formation. Indeed, AB-22 significantly suppressed C. albicans biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, AB-22 treatment inhibited the normal induction of ALS3, HWP1, and ECE1, which are all required for hyphal transition in C. albicans. Furthermore, AB-22 treatment increased the survival of mice systemically infected with C. albicans. In conclusion, in addition to its fungicidal activity, AB-22 inhibits filamentation and biofilm formation in C. albicans, which could collectively contribute to its potent in vivo efficacy against systemic candidiasis.

Lipocalin2 as a potential antibacterial drug against Acinetobacter baumannii infection: Daejin Lim , Su-Jin Park , Ha Young Kim , Minsang Shin , Miryoung Song; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(4):444-449. Published online March 28, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2007-1

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Abstract

Available antibiotics to treat Acinetobacter baumannii infection is limited due to increasing resistance and the emergence of multiple drug-resistant strains. Hence, discovering effective agents against A. baumannii to reduce the number of infectionrelated deaths is imperative. In search of novel and alternative antibiotics, the antibacterial function of lipocalin2 (Lcn2) was investigated to treat systemic infections of A. baumannii using a mouse neutropenia model. We observed a significant increase in serum Lcn2 levels upon bacterial injection into the mouse, and the administration of recombinant Lcn2 (rmLcn2) extended their survival. Such protective effects were also observed in rmLcn2-pretreated macrophages, where rmLcn2 reduced the survival of the pathogen inside the macrophages. The underlying molecular mechanism of Lcn2 protection was also investigated. We observed that pretreatment of the Raw- 264.7 macrophages with rmLcn2 markedly altered the expression of tonB3, which encodes a component of the transporter for ferrisiderophores in A. baumannii. However, the expression of katG, the gene encoding catalase, remained unaffected. These indicate that Lcn2-mediated defense against the pathogen is related to nutritional immunity rather than reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Furthermore, the addition of rmLcn2 in infected mice diminished bacterial burden in multiple organs and enhanced the expression of tonB3 in the liver, spleen, and lungs of the infected mice. Increased survival rate due to rmLcn2 treatment declined when the infection model was established using lcn2-defective (lcn2-/-) mice, which indicated the necessity of endogenous Lcn2. Therefore, the antibacterial function of Lcn2 can be exploited to develop an alternative therapeutic agent against A. baumannii.

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Antimicrobial peptide thanatin fused endolysin PA90 (Tha-PA90) for the control of Acinetobacter baumannii infection in mouse model
Jeonghyun Lim, Heejoon Myung, Daejin Lim, Miryoung Song
Journal of Biomedical Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Dynamic changes and clinical value of lipocalin 2 in liver diseases caused by microbial infections
Feng Chen, Shan-Shan Wu, Chao Chen, Cheng Zhou
World Journal of Hepatology.2024; 16(2): 177. CrossRef
Lipocalin-2 is an essential component of the innate immune response to Acinetobacter baumannii infection
Jessica R. Sheldon, Lauren E. Himmel, Dillon E. Kunkle, Andrew J. Monteith, K. Nichole Maloney, Eric P. Skaar, David S. Weiss
PLOS Pathogens.2022; 18(9): e1010809. CrossRef

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