Among the major enteric pathogens, Campylobacter jejuni is
considered an important source of diarrheal illness in humans.
In contrast to the acute gastroenteritis in humans, C. jejuni
exhibits prolonged cecal colonization at a high level with little
or no pathology in chickens. Although several known virulence
determinants of C. jejuni have been found to be associated
with a higher degree of pathogenesis in humans, to date, little
is known about their functions in the persistent colonization
of chickens. The present study was undertaken to assess the
role of C. jejuni in imparting differential host immune responses
in human and chicken cells. Based on the abundance
of major genes encoding virulence factors (GEVFs), we used
a particular isolate that harbors the cadF, flaA, peb1, racR,
ciaB, cdtB, and hcp genes. This study showed that hypervirulent
C. jejuni isolate that encodes a functional type VI secretion
system (T6SS) has a greater ability to invade and create
characteristic “attaching and effacing” lesions in human
INT407 compared to primary chicken embryo intestinal cells
(CEICs). Furthermore, we demonstrated that the higher bacterial
invasion in human INT407 triggered higher levels of
expression of major proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-
1β and IL-6, and significant downregulation of IL-17A gene
expression (P ≤ 0.05). The findings of the present study suggest
that the enhanced ability of C. jejuni to invade human
cells is tightly regulated by proinflammatory cytokines in the
gut and possibly holds the keys to the observed differences
in pathogenesis between human and chicken cells.
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Targeted Bioimaging of Microencapsulated Recombinant LAB Vector Expressing Fluorescent Reporter Protein: A Non-invasive Approach for Microbial Tracking Prakash Biswas, Afruja Khan, Amirul Islam Mallick ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering.2024; 10(8): 5210. CrossRef
Identification and functional characterization of putative ligand binding domain(s) of JlpA protein of Campylobacter jejuni Chandan Gorain, Subhadeep Gupta, S.S. Mahafujul Alam, Mehboob Hoque, Andrey V. Karlyshev, Amirul Islam Mallick International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2024; 264: 130388. CrossRef
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Gut Microbe-Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles: A Potential Platform to Control Cecal Load of Campylobacter jejuni Ankita Singh, Afruja Khan, Tamal Ghosh, Samiran Mondal, Amirul I. Mallick ACS Infectious Diseases.2021; 7(5): 1186. CrossRef
Mucosal delivery of live Lactococcus lactis expressing functionally active JlpA antigen induces potent local immune response and prevent enteric colonization of Campylobacter jejuni in chickens Chandan Gorain, Ankita Singh, Sudipta Bhattacharyya, Anirban Kundu, Aritraa Lahiri, Subhadeep Gupta, Amirul I. Mallick Vaccine.2020; 38(7): 1630. CrossRef
Immunopathological properties of the Campylobacter jejuni flagellins and the adhesin CadF as assessed in a clinical murine infection model Anna-Maria Schmidt, Ulrike Escher, Soraya Mousavi, Nicole Tegtmeyer, Manja Boehm, Steffen Backert, Stefan Bereswill, Markus M. Heimesaat Gut Pathogens.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
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Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of mucosal delivery of recombinant hcp of Campylobacter jejuni Type VI secretion system (T6SS) in chickens Ankita Singh, Khairun Nisaa, Sudipta Bhattacharyya, Amirul Islam Mallick Molecular Immunology.2019; 111: 182. CrossRef
Thirty-nine human isolates of Campylobacter jejuni obtained
from a national university hospital during 2007–2010 and
38 chicken isolates of C. jejuni were collected from poultry
farms during 2009–2010 in South Korea were used in this
study. Campylobacter genomic species and virulence-associated
genes were identified by PCR. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis
(PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST)
were performed to compare their genetic relationships. All
isolates were highly resistant to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid,
and tetracycline. Of all isolates tested, over 94% contained
seven virulence associated genes (flaA, cadF, racR, dnaJ, cdtA,
cdtB, and cdtC). All isolates were classified into 39 types by
PFGE clustering with 90% similarity. Some chicken isolates
were incorporated into some PFGE types of human isolates.
MLST analysis for the 39 human isolates and 38 chicken isolates result ed in 14 and 23 sequence types (STs), respectively,
of which 10 STs were new. STs overlapped in both chicken
and human isolates included ST-21, ST-48, ST-50, ST-51,
and ST-354, of which ST-21 was the predominant ST in both
human and chicken isolates. Through combined analysis of
PFGE types and STs, three chicken isolates were clonally related
to the three human isolates associated with food poisoning
(VII-ST-48, XXII-ST-354, and XXVIII-ST-51). They
were derived from geographically same or distinct districts.
Remarkably, clonal spread of food poisoning pathogens between
animals and humans was confirmed by population
genetic analysis. Consequently, contamination of campylobacters
with quinolone resistance and potential virulence genes in poultry production and consumption may increase
the risk of infections in humans.
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Genus Campylobacter has been recognized as a causative bacterial
agent of animal and human diseases. Human Campylobacter
infections have caused more concern. Campylobacters
can be classified into two groups in terms of their original host:
zoonotic and human oral species. The major zoonotic species
are Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, which
mostly reside in the intestines of avian species and are transmitted
to humans via consumption of contaminated poultry
products, thus causing human gastroenteritis and other diseases
as sequelae. The other campylobacters, human oral species,
include C. concisus, C. showae, C. gracilis, C. ureolyticus,
C. curvus, and C. rectus. These species are isolated from the
oral cavity, natural colonization site, but have potential clinical
relevance in the periodontal region to varying extent. Two
species, C. jejuni and C. coli, are believed to be mainly associated
with intestinal diseases, but recent studies suggested
that oral Campylobacter species also play a significant role in
intestinal diseases. This review offers an outline of the two
Campylobacter groups (zoonotic and human oral), their virulence
traits, and the associated illnesses including gastroenteritis.
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