Journal of Microbiology

Corrigendum

Corrigendum: Jejubacter calystegiae gen. nov., sp. nov., moderately halophilic, a new member of the family Enterobacteriaceae, isolated from beach morning glory: Lingmin Jiang, Dexin Wang, Jung-Sook Lee, Dae-Hyuk Kim, Jae Cheol Jeong, Cha Young Kim, Suk Weon Kim, Jiyoung Lee; J. Microbiol. 2025;63(8):e2508100. Published online August 13, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2508100; Corrects: J. Microbiol 2020;58(5):357

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Journal Articles

Interaction between hypoviral-regulated fungal virulence factor laccase3 and small heat shock protein Hsp24 from the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica: Jeesun Chun† , Yo-Han Ko† , Dae-Hyuk Kim; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(1):57-62. Published online November 26, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1498-0

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Laccase3 is an important virulence factor of the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica. Laccase3 gene (lac3) transcription is induced by tannic acid, a group of phenolic compounds found in chestnut trees, and its induction is regulated by the hypovirus CHV1 infection. CpHsp24, a small heat shock protein gene of C. parasitica, plays a determinative role in stress adaptation and pathogen virulence. Having uncovered in our previous study that transcriptional regulation of the CpHsp24 gene in response to tannic acid supplementation and CHV1 infection was similar to that of the lac3, and that conserved phenotypic changes of reduced virulence were observed in mutants of both genes, we inferred that both genes were implicated in a common pathway. Building on this finding, in this paper we examined whether the CpHsp24 protein (CpHSP24) was a molecular chaperone for the lac3 protein (LAC3). Our pull-down experiment indicated that the protein products of the two genes directly interacted with each other. Heterologous co-expression of CpHsp24 and lac3 genes using Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in more laccase activity in the cotransformant than in a parental lac3-expresssing yeast strain. These findings suggest that CpHSP24 is, in fact, a molecular chaperone for the LAC3, which is critical component of fungal pathogenesis.

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Characteristics and expression of heat shock gene Lghsp17.4 in Lenzites gibbosa, a white rot fungus of wood
Lianrong Feng, Yujie Chi, Jian Zhang, Xuxin Yang, Shuying Han
Journal of Forestry Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Hypovirus infection induces proliferation and perturbs functions of mitochondria in the chestnut blight fungus
Jinzi Wang, Rui Quan, Xipu He, Qiang Fu, Shigen Tian, Lijiu Zhao, Shuangcai Li, Liming Shi, Ru Li, Baoshan Chen
Frontiers in Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Applying molecular and genetic methods to trees and their fungal communities
Markus Müller, Ursula Kües, Katharina B. Budde, Oliver Gailing
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.2023; 107(9): 2783. CrossRef

Characterization of a novel dsRNA mycovirus of Trichoderma atroviride NFCF377 reveals a member of “Fusagraviridae” with changes in antifungal activity of the host fungus: Jeesun Chun , Byeonghak Na , Dae-Hyuk Kim; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(12):1046-1053. Published online October 23, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-0380-1

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Abstract

Trichoderma atroviride is a common fungus found in various ecosystems that shows mycoparasitic ability on other fungi. A novel dsRNA virus was isolated from T. atroviride NFCF377 strain and its molecular features were analyzed. The viral genome consists of a single segmented double-stranded RNA and is 9,584 bp in length, with two discontinuous open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2). A mycoviral structural protein and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) are encoded by ORF1 and ORF2, respectively, between which is found a canonical shifty heptameric signal motif (AAAAAAC) followed by an RNA pseudoknot. Analysis of sequence similarity and phylogeny showed that it is closely related to members of the proposed family “Fusagraviridae”, with a highest similarity to the Trichoderma atroviride mycovirus 1 (TaMV1). Although the sequence similarity of deduced amino acid to TaMV1 was evident, sequence deviations were distinctive at untranslated regions (UTRs) due to the extended size. Thus, we inferred this dsRNA to be a different strain of Trichoderma atroviride mycovirus 1 (TaMV1-NFCF377). Electron microscopy image exhibited an icosahedral viral particle of 40 nm diameter. Virus-cured isogenic isolates were generated and no differences in growth rate, colony morphology, or conidia production were observed between virus-infected and virus-cured strains. However, culture filtrates of TaMV1- NFCF377-infected strain showed enhanced antifungal activity against the plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani but not to edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus. These results suggested that TaMV1-NFCF377 affected the metabolism of the fungal host to potentiate antifungal compounds against a plant pathogen, but this enhanced antifungal activity appeared to be species-specific.

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Co-infection with two novel mycoviruses affects the biocontrol activity of Trichoderma polysporum
Jeesun Chun, Hae-Ryeong Yoon, Sei-Jin Lee, Dae-Hyuk Kim
Biological Control.2024; 188: 105440. CrossRef
An Outstandingly Rare Occurrence of Mycoviruses in Soil Strains of the Plant-Beneficial Fungi from the Genus Trichoderma and a Novel Polymycoviridae Isolate
Chenchen Liu, Xiliang Jiang, Zhaoyan Tan, Rongqun Wang, Qiaoxia Shang, Hongrui Li, Shujin Xu, Miguel A. Aranda, Beilei Wu, Lea Atanasova
Microbiology Spectrum.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Sixteen Novel Mycoviruses Containing Positive Single-Stranded RNA, Double-Stranded RNA, and Negative Single-Stranded RNA Genomes Co-Infect a Single Strain of Rhizoctonia zeae
Siwei Li, Zhihao Ma, Xinyi Zhang, Yibo Cai, Chenggui Han, Xuehong Wu
Journal of Fungi.2023; 10(1): 30. CrossRef
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Miriam Schalamun, Monika Schmoll
Frontiers in Fungal Biology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
A Transfectable Fusagravirus from a Japanese Strain of Cryphonectria carpinicola with Spherical Particles
Subha Das, Sakae Hisano, Ana Eusebio-Cope, Hideki Kondo, Nobuhiro Suzuki
Viruses.2022; 14(8): 1722. CrossRef
Molecular characteristics of a novel hypovirus from Trichoderma harzianum
Jeesun Chun, Kum-Kang So, Yo-Han Ko, Dae-Hyuk Kim
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Sustainable Management of Medicago sativa for Future Climates: Insect Pests, Endophytes and Multitrophic Interactions in a Complex Environment
Mark R. McNeill, Xiongbing Tu, Eric Altermann, Wu Beilei, Shengjing Shi
Frontiers in Agronomy.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
A New Double-Stranded RNA Mycovirus in Cryphonectria naterciae Is Able to Cross the Species Barrier and Is Deleterious to a New Host
Carolina Cornejo, Sakae Hisano, Helena Bragança, Nobuhiro Suzuki, Daniel Rigling
Journal of Fungi.2021; 7(10): 861. CrossRef

Jejubacter calystegiae gen. nov., sp. nov., moderately halophilic, a new member of the family Enterobacteriaceae, isolated from beach morning glory: Lingmin Jiang , Dexin Wang , Jung-Sook Lee , Dae-Hyuk Kim , Jae Cheol Jeong , Cha Young Kim , Suk Weon Kim , Jiyoung Lee; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(5):357-366. Published online March 27, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9294-1; Correction in: J. Microbiol 2025;63(8):e2508100

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Abstract

Strain KSNA2T, a Gram-negative, moderately halophilic, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, was isolated from the surface-sterilized stem tissue of a beach morning glory (Calystegia soldanella) plant in Chuja Island, Jejudo, Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome sequences revealed that strain KSNA2T formed a distinct lineage within the family Enterobacteriaceae, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Izhakiella australiensis KCTC 72143T (96.2%) and Izhakiella capsodis KCTC 72142T (96.0%), exhibited 95.5– 95.9% similarity to other genera in the family Enterobacteriaceae and Erwiniaceae. Conserved signature indels analysis elucidated that strain KSNA2T was delimited into family Enterobacteriaceae. KSNA2T genome comprises a circular chromosome of 5,182,800 bp with 56.1% G + C content. Digital DNA-DNA relatedness levels between strain KSNA2T and 18 closely related species were 19.3 to 21.1%. Average nucleotide identity values were between 72.0 and 76.7%. Growth of strain KSNA2T was observed at 4 to 45°C (optimum, 25°C) and pH 5.0 to 12.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) in the presence of 0 to 11% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0–7%). The major cellular fatty acids (> 10%) were C16:0 followed by summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c), summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c), C17:0 cyclo, and C14:0. The major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). With combined phylogenetic, genomic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic features, strain KSNA2T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Enterobacteriaceae, for which the name Jejubacter calystegiae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KSNA2T (= KCTC 72234T = CCTCC AB 2019098T).

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Pseudoxanthomonas sp. JBR18, a halotolerant endophytic bacterium, improves the salt tolerance of Arabidopsis seedlings
Yuxin Peng, Lingmin Jiang, Doeun Jeon, Donghyun Cho, Youngmin Kim, Cha Young Kim, Ju Huck Lee, Jiyoung Lee
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry.2024; 207: 108415. CrossRef
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Yunhua Xiao, Jingjing Ma, Rui Chen, Sha Xiang, Bo Yang, Liang Chen, Jun Fang, Shuming Liu
Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2024; 31(20): 28922. CrossRef
Improving plant salt tolerance through Algoriphagus halophytocola sp. nov., isolated from the halophyte Salicornia europaea
Yuxin Peng, Dong Hyun Cho, Zalfa Humaira, Yu Lim Park, Ki Hyun Kim, Cha Young Kim, Jiyoung Lee
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Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Genome Insights into the Novel Species Jejubacter calystegiae, a Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium in Saline Conditions
Ling Min Jiang, Yong Jae Lee, Ho Le Han, Myoung Hui Lee, Jae Cheol Jeong, Cha Young Kim, Suk Weon Kim, Ji Young Lee
Diversity.2021; 13(1): 24. CrossRef
Pedobacter endophyticus sp. nov., an endophytic bacterium isolated from Carex pumila
Yuxin Peng, Lingmin Jiang, Jiyoon Seo, Zhun Li, Hanna Choe, Jae Cheol Jeong, Suk Weon Kim, Young-Min Kim, Cha Young Kim, Jiyoung Lee
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2021;[Epub] CrossRef
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J. Michael Janda, Sharon L. Abbott
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Saccharibacillus brassicae sp. nov., an endophytic bacterium isolated from kimchi cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) seeds: Lingmin Jiang , Chan Ju Lim , Song-Gun Kim , Jae Cheol Jeong , Cha Young Kim , Dae-Hyuk Kim , Suk Weon Kim , Jiyoung Lee; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(1):24-29. Published online November 25, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9346-6

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Abstract

Strain ATSA2T was isolated from surface-sterilized kimchi cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) seeds and represents a novel bacterium based on the polyphasic taxonomic approach. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain ATSA2T formed a lineage within genus Saccharibacillus and was most closely to Saccharibacillus deserti WLG055T (98.1%) and Saccharibacillus qingshengii H6T (97.9%). The whole-genome of ATSA2T comprised a 5,619,468 bp of circular chromosome with 58.4% G + C content. The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain ATSA2T and its closely related type strains S. deserti WLJ055T and S. qingshengii H6T were 26.0% and 24.0%, respectively. Multiple gene clusters associated with plant growth promotion activities (stress response, nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism, and auxin biosynthesis) were annotated in the genome. Strain ATSA2T was Gram-positive, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, and rod-shaped. It grew at 15–37°C (optimum 25°C), pH 6.0–10.0 (optimum pH 8.0), and in the presence of 0–5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1%). The major cellular fatty acids (> 10%) of strain ATSA2T were anteiso- C15:0 and C16:0. MK-7 was the major isoprenoid quinone. The major polar lipids present were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and three unknown glycolipids. Based on its phylogenetic, genomic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic features, strain ATSA2T is proposed to represent a novel species of genus Saccharibacillus, for which the name is Saccharibacillus brassicae sp. nov. The type strain is ATSA2T (KCTC 43072T = CCTCC AB 2019223T).

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Comprehensive genomic and phenotypic characterization of thermophilic bacterium Sinimarinibacterium thermocellulolyticum sp. nov. HSW-8T, a cellulase-producing bacterium isolated from hot spring water in South Korea
Yue Jiang, Zhun Li
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Yuxin Peng, Dong Hyun Cho, Zalfa Humaira, Yu Lim Park, Ki Hyun Kim, Cha Young Kim, Jiyoung Lee
Frontiers in Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Dasania phycosphaerae sp. nov., isolated from phytoplankton sample from the south coast of the Republic of Korea
Yue Jiang, Yong Guan, Sungmo Kang, Mi-Kyung Lee, Ki-Hyun Kim, Zhun Li
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Genome insights into the plant growth-promoting bacterium Saccharibacillus brassicae ATSA2T
Lingmin Jiang, Jiyoon Seo, Yuxin Peng, Doeun Jeon, Soon Ju Park, Cha Young Kim, Pyoung Il Kim, Chul Hong Kim, Ju Huck Lee, Jiyoung Lee
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Emticicia fluvialis sp. nov., a potential hormone-degrading bacterium isolated from Nakdong River, Republic of Korea
Hyun-Sun Baek, Yong Guan, Min-Ju Kim, Yue Jiang, Mi-Kyung Lee, Ki-Hyun Kim, Jaeyoon Lee, Yuna Shin, Yoon-Ho Kang, Zhun Li
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.2023; 116(12): 1317. CrossRef
Identification and genomic analysis of Pseudosulfitobacter koreense sp. nov. isolated from toxin-producing dinoflagellate Alexandrium pacificum
Yue Jiang, Zhun Li
Archives of Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Gymnodinialimonas phycosphaerae sp. nov., a phycosphere bacterium isolated from Karlodinium veneficum
Yuxin Peng, Lingmin Jiang, Yue Jiang, Jiyoon Seo, Doeun Jeon, Young-Min Kim, Zhun Li, Jiyoung Lee
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Flavobacterium endoglycinae sp. nov., an endophytic bacterium isolated from soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Gwangan) stems
Jiyoon Seo, Yuxin Peng, Lingmin Jiang, Sang-Beom Lee, Rae-Dong Jeong, Soon Ju Park, Cha Young Kim, Man-Soo Choi, Jiyoung Lee
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Gymnodinialimonas ceratoperidinii gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from rare marine dinoflagellate Ceratoperidinium margalefii
Yue Jiang, Yuxin Peng, Hyeon Ho Shin, Hyun Jung Kim, Ki-Hyun Kim, Lingmin Jiang, Jiyoung Lee, Zhun Li
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Flagellatimonas centrodinii gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Nevskiaceae isolated from toxin-producing dinoflagellate Centrodinium punctatum
Yue Jiang, Lingmin Jiang, Yuxin Peng, Ki-Hyun Kim, Hyeon Ho Shin, Young-Min Kim, Jiyoung Lee, Zhun Li
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Pedobacter endophyticus sp. nov., an endophytic bacterium isolated from Carex pumila
Yuxin Peng, Lingmin Jiang, Jiyoon Seo, Zhun Li, Hanna Choe, Jae Cheol Jeong, Suk Weon Kim, Young-Min Kim, Cha Young Kim, Jiyoung Lee
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2021;[Epub] CrossRef
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Lingmin Jiang, Myoung Hui Lee, Jae Cheol Jeong, Dae-Hyuk Kim, Cha Young Kim, Suk Weon Kim, Jiyoung Lee
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2019;[Epub] CrossRef

Cohnella abietis sp. nov., isolated from Korean fir (Abies koreana) rhizospheric soil of Halla mountain: Lingmin Jiang , Sophea Pheng , Keun Chul Lee , Se Won Kang , Jae Cheol Jeong , Cha Young Kim , Hyeong Cheol Park , Dae-Hyuk Kim , Suk Weon Kim , Song-Gun Kim , Jiyoung Lee; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(11):953-958. Published online August 28, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-9136-1

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Abstract

A strictly aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated HS21T, was isolated from rhizospheric soil of the Korean fir tree (Abies koreana) from Halla mountain on Jeju island, Korea. Growth of strain HS21T was observed at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum: pH 7.0), 0–2% (w/v) NaCl and 4–30°C (optimum: 25°C). A comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HS21T was most closely related to Cohnella luojiensis HY-22RT (97.6%), followed by C. lupini RLAHU4BT (97.4%) and C. collisoli NKM- 5T (97.2%). The genome of strain HS21T comprised a circular chromosome of 7,059,027 bp with 44.8% G + C content. The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain HS21T and C. luojiensis HY-22RT and C. lupini RLAHU4BT were 18.1% and 13.8%, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids (> 5%) of the isolate were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, C16:0, and iso-C15:0. The polar lipids present were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysylphosphatidylglycerol, and three unidentified aminophospholipids. Based on its phenotypic, phylogenetic, genomic, and chemotaxonomic properties, strain HS21T represents a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella abietis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HS21T (= KCTC 43028T = CCTCC AB 2019010T).

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Pyrosequencing reveals bacterial diversity in Korean traditional wheat-based nuruk: Jyotiranjan Bal , Suk-Hyun Yun , Myoung-Suk Choi , Soo-Hwan Yeo , Jung-Mi Kim , Dae-Hyuk Kim; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(12):812-819. Published online December 2, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-5516-3

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Abstract

The emerging global importance of Korea’s alcoholic beverages emphasizes the need for quality enhancement of nuruk, a traditional Korean cereal starter that is used extensively in traditional brewing. Apart from fungi and yeasts, bacteria known to be ubiquitously present are also a part of the nuruk ecosystem and are known to influence fermentation activity by influencing fermentation favorable factors. In the current study, bacterial diversity and temporal variations in the traditional wheat-based nuruk, fermented at two representative temperature conditions for 30 days, along with two commercial wheat-based nuruk samples for comparison analysis were evaluated using libraries of PCR amplicons and 454 pyrosequencing targeting of the hypervariable regions V1 to V3 of the 16S rRNA gene. A total of 90,836 16S reads were analyzed and assigned to a total of 314, 321, and 141 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) for nuruk A, B, and C, respectively. Diversity parameters clearly indicated nuruk B to be more diverse in terms of bacterial composition than nuruk A. Taxonomic assignments indicated that nuruk A was dominated by phylum Cyanobacteria, whereas nuruk B was dominated by phylum Actinobacteria. For both nuruk A and B, members of the phylum Firmicutes mostly converged into the family Bacillaceae; these microorganisms might be present in negligible numbers at the beginning but became significant as the fermentation progressed. The commercial samples were predominated by phylum Firmicutes, which is composed of Lactobacillaceae and Leoconostocaceae. The findings of this study provide new insights into understanding the changes in bacterial community structure during traditional nuruk starter production.

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Identification of the Predominant Species of Bacillus, Staphylococcus, and Lactic Acid Bacteria in Nuruk, a Korean Starter Culture
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Food Research International.2023; 172: 113367. CrossRef
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Mohamed El-Agamy Farh, Najib Abdellaoui, Jeong-Ah Seo
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Research on the Probiotic Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. Boulardii-03 Derived from Traditional Nuruk
Eunjung Lee, Jae-Ho Kim, Jang-Eun Lee
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2021; 50(12): 1392. CrossRef
Natural Occurrence of Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus Species and Aflatoxins in Traditional Korean Fermentation Starters, Meju and Nuruk
So Young Woo, Sang Yoo Lee, Fei Tian, A-Yeong Jeong, Cha Nee Yoo, Seung Yoon Kang, Hyang Sook Chun
Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety.2020; 35(5): 438. CrossRef
Lactobacilus nuruki sp. nov., isolated from Nuruk, a Korean fermentation starter
Jun Heo, Satomi Saitou, Tomohiko Tamura, Hayoung Cho, Ji-Seon Kim, Jae-Ho Joa, Jeong-Seon Kim, Soon-Wo Kwon, Soo-Jin Kim
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.2018; 68(10): 3273. CrossRef
Effects of initial moisture content of Korean traditional wheat-based fermentation starter nuruk on microbial abundance and diversity
Jyotiranjan Bal, Suk-Hyun Yun, Soo-Hwan Yeo, Jung-Mi Kim, Beom-Tae Kim, Dae-Hyuk Kim
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.2017; 101(5): 2093. CrossRef

Characterization of NpgA, a 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase of Aspergillus nidulans, and evidence of its involvement in fungal growth and formation of conidia and cleistothecia for development: Jung-Mi Kim , Ha-Yeon Song , Hyo-Jin Choi , Kum-Kang So , Dae-Hyuk Kim , Keon-Sang Chae , Dong-Min Han , Kwang-Yeop Jahng; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(1):21-31. Published online January 4, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-4657-8

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Abstract

The null pigmentation mutant (npgA1) in Aspergillus nidulans
results
in a phenotype with colorless organs, decreased branching growth, delayed of asexual spore development, and aberrant cell wall structure. The npgA gene was isolated from A. nidulans to investigate these pleiomorphic phenomena of npgA1 mutant. Sequencing analysis of the complementing gene indicated that it contained a 4􍿁-phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase) superfamily domain. Enzymatic assay of the PPTase, encoded by the npgA gene, was implemented in vivo and in vitro. Loss-of-function of LYS5, which encoded a PPTase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was functionally complemented by NpgA, and Escherichia coli-derived NpgA revealed phosphopantetheinylation activity with the elaboration of 3􍿁5􍿁-ADP. Deletion of the npgA gene caused perfectly a lethal phenotype and the absence of asexual/sexual sporulation and secondary metabolites such as pigments in A. nidulans. However, a cross feeding effect with A. nidulans wild type allowed recovery from deletion defects, and phased-culture filtrate from the wild type were used to verify that the npgA gene was essential for formation of metabolites needed for development as well as growth. In addition, forced expression of npgA promoted the formation of conidia and cleistothecia as well as growth. These results indicate that the npgA gene is involved in the phosphopantetheinylation required for primary biological processes such as growth, asexual/sexual development, and the synthesis of secondary metabolites in A. nidulans.

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Mycoflora Dynamics Analysis of Korean Traditional Wheat-based Nuruk: Jyotiranjan Bal , Suk-Hyun Yun , Ha-Yeon Song , Soo-Hwan Yeo , Jae Hyun Kim , Jung-Mi Kim , Dae-Hyuk Kim; J. Microbiol. 2014;52(12):1025-1029. Published online November 29, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-4620-0

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Abstract

The growing popularity of traditional Korean alcoholic beverages has led to a demand for quality enhancement of the traditional starter culture nuruk, which consists primarily of wheat. Therefore, this study focused on mycoflora characterization and the temporal variations in traditional wheatbased nuruks fermented at two representative traditional temperature conditions for 30 days. Nuruk A was fermented at a constant temperature of 36°C for 30 days and nuruk B was fermented at a high initial temperature of 45°C for 10 days followed by 35°C for 20 days. The average mycoflora load in the two different nuruk conditions did not vary significantly between the 0 and 30 day cultures, and a maximum load of 8.39 log CFU/g was observed for nuruk A on culture day 3 and 7.87 log CFU/g for nuruk B on culture day 30. Within two samples, pH was negatively correlated with temporal changes in mycoflora load. The pH of nuruk A was significantly lower than that of nuruk B at all of the time points evaluated. Culture- dependent characterization led to the identification of 55 fungal isolates belonging to 9 genera and 15 species, with the most prominent genera comprising Lichtheimia, Penicillium, Trametes, Aspergillus, Rhizomucor, and Mucor. A total of 25 yeast isolates were characterized belonging to 6 genera and 7 species, the most prominent among which were Rhodotorula, Pichia, Debaryomyces, Saccharomycopsis, and Torulospora. Mycofloral community dynamics analysis revealed that both samples A and B varied considerably with respect to the fungal communities over a span of 30 days.

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NOTE] Characterization of a Mutant Strain of a Filamentous Fungus Cladosporium phlei for the Mass Production of the Secondary Metabolite Phleichrome: Min-Hee Yi , Jung-Ae Kim , Jung-Mi Kim , Jin-Ah Park , Beom-Tae Kim , Seung-Moon Park , Moon-Sik Yang , Ki-Jun Hwang , Dae-Hyuk Kim; J. Microbiol. 2011;49(4):680-683. Published online September 2, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-1022-4

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Abstract: UV-mutagenesis was performed to obtain mutant strains that demonstrate altered production of phleichrome, a secondary metabolite of Cladosporium phlei. Among fifty mutants selected, based on the increased area and intensity of the purple pigment surrounding the colonies, the strain M0035 showed the highest production of phleichrome, more than seven fold over wild type. Plate cultures of the M0035 strain resulted in a total of 592 mg phleichrome consisting of 146 mg and 446 mg from the mycelia and agar media, respectively. The M0035 strain displayed a growth rate and a mycelial mass comparable to the parental strain but had significantly reduced asexual sporulation.

Molecular Diversity of Chrysoviruses in Korean Isolates of A New Fungal Species, Cryphonectria nitschkei: Jung-Mi Kim , Jung-Ae Kim , Jin-Ah Park , Seung-Moon Park , Byeong-Jin Cha , Moon-Sik Yang , Dae-Hyuk Kim; J. Microbiol. 2009;47(4):441-447. Published online September 9, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-009-0206-7

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Abstract: Genetic diversity of the chrysovirus within the four fungal strains was analyzed by comparing the full- length sequences of cloned chrysoviral genes encoding the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and capsid protein (CP). Because the morphological characteristics of four chrysovirus-infected Cryphonectria spp. strains were different, strain identification was conducted via sequence comparison of the internal transcribed spacers (ITSs) of the fungal rRNA gene. Phylogenic analysis of the ITS regions revealed that the four strains were closely clustered with the reference strain of Cryphonectria nitschkei, while they were more distantly related to other common Cryphonectria species, indicating that they were likely C. nitschkei. Sequence comparison among chrysoviruses from Korean C. nitschkei strains revealed that similarities of the RdRp and CP genes ranged from 98% to 100% and from 95% to 100%, respectively, at the protein level. Their corresponding nucleotide sequences showed 97% to 100% and 84% to 100% identities, respectively. Compared to RdRp, the CP gene had more divergence, suggesting the presence of genes possessing different evolutionary rates within the chrysovirus genome. Sequence comparisons with other known chrysoviruses showed that the four Korean chrysoviruses were clustered together at the next lineage level. Discovering why two strains (bs131 and bs132) containing identical ITS sequences and chrysoviruses display different phenotypes should prove interesting.

Cloning and Characterization of a Thioredoxin Gene, CpTrx1, from the Chestnut Blight Fungus Cryphonectria parasitica: Ji-Hye Kim Dae-Hyuk Kim; J. Microbiol. 2006;44(5):556-561.; DOI: https://doi.org/2441 [pii]

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Abstract: A differential display for the expression profiles of wild-type Cryphonectria parasitica and its virally-infected isogenic hypovirulent strain revealed several transcripts of interest, which evidenced significant matches with fungal genes of known function. Among which, we have further analyzed an amplified PCR product with significant sequence similarity to the known fungal stress-responsive thioredoxin gene from Neurospora crassa. The product of the cloned thioredoxin gene, CpTrx1, consists of 117 amino acids, with a predicted molecular mass of 13.0 kDa and a pI of 5.4. Sequence comparisons demonstrated that the deduced protein sequence of the CpTrx1 gene evidenced a high degree of homology to all known thioredoxins, with the highest degree of homology with trx1, a thioredoxin gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and evidenced a preservation of the conserved hall markresidues (Trp-Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys) at the active site of thioredoxin. The E. coli-generated CpTRX1 manifested thioredoxin activity, according to the insulin reduction assay, which indicates that the cloned gene does indeed encode for the C. parasitica thioredoxin.

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