Journal of Microbiology

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Characterization of East-Asian Helicobacter pylori encoding Western EPIYA-ABC CagA: Kavinda Tissera , Myeong-A Kim , Jing Lai , Sacheera Angulmaduwa , Aeryun Kim , D. Scott Merrell , Ji-Hye Kim , Hanfu Su , Jeong-Heon Cha; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(2):207-214. Published online November 10, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1483-7

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The polymorphic bacterial oncoprotein, CagA shows geography- dependent variation in the C-terminal Glu-Pro-Ile- Tyr-Ala (EPIYA) motifs; East-Asian H. pylori isolates carry the ABD type while Western isolates carry the ABC type. In Western isolates, the EPIYA-C motif is sometimes found in multi-copy and this genotype is associated with disease severity. Interestingly, a small number of East-Asian H. pylori isolates have been found to carry Western ABC-type CagA. To gain a better understanding of these unusual isolates, the genomes of four Korean H. pylori clinical isolates carrying ABC-type CagA were sequenced via third generation (Pac- Bio SMRT) sequencing technology. The obtained data were utilized for phylogenetic analysis as well as comparison of additional virulence factors that are known to show geographic- dependent polymorphisms. Three of four isolates indeed belonged to the hpEastAsia group and showed typical East- Asian polymorphism in virulence factors such as homA/B/C, babA/B/C, and oipA. One isolate grouped to HpAfrica and showed typical Western polymorphism of virulence factors such as cagA, homA/B/C, and oipA. To understand the occurrence of the multi-copy EPIYA-C motif genotype in an East- Asian H. pylori background, the Korean clinical isolate, K154 was analyzed; this strain belonged to hpEastAsia but encoded CagA EPIYA-ABCCCC. Based on DNA sequence homology within the CagA multimerization (CM) sequence that flanked the EPIYA-C motifs, we predicted that the number of C motifs might change via homologous recombination. To test this hypothesis, K154 was cultured for one generation and 287 single colonies were analyzed for the number of EPIYA-C motifs using PCR-based screening and DNA sequencing verification. Three out of 284 (1%) single colony isolates showed changes in the number of EPIYA-C motifs in vitro; one isolate increased to five EPIYA-C motifs, one decreased to three EPIYA-C motifs, and one completely deleted the EPIYA-C motifs. The capacity for dynamic changes in the number of EPIYA-C repeats of CagA may play a role in generating important intraspecies diversity in East-Asian H. pylori.

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Virulence gene polymorphisms in Shandong Helicobacter pylori strains and their relevance to gastric cancer
Zhijing Xue, Weijia Li, Hailing Ding, Fengyan Pei, Jianzhong Zhang, Yanan Gong, Ruyue Fan, Fang Wang, Youjun Wang, Qing Chen, Yanran Li, Xinyu Yang, Yan Zheng, Guohai Su, Saeid Ghavami
PLOS ONE.2024; 19(9): e0309844. CrossRef
Amino acid deletions at positions 893 and 894 of cytotoxin-associated gene A protein affect Helicobacter pylori gastric epithelial cell interactions
Zhi-Jing Xue, Ya-Nan Gong, Li-Hua He, Lu Sun, Yuan-Hai You, Dong-Jie Fan, Mao-Jun Zhang, Xiao-Mei Yan, Jian-Zhong Zhang
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2024; 30(41): 4449. CrossRef
Characteristics of different types of Helicobacter pylori: New evidence from non-amplified white light endoscopy
Weidong Liu, Wenjie Kong, Wenjia Hui, Chun Wang, Qi Jiang, Hong Shi, Feng Gao
Frontiers in Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Comparative study of the geographical spread of genogroup II porcine norovirus and human norovirus: Eung Seo Koo , Yong Seok Jeong; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(7):644-650. Published online July 1, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-1218-1

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Abstract

Livestock pigs and porcine norovirus could be candidate tools for future studies on the geographic isolation of norovirus. In this study, we provide the first evidence for geographic isolation of the host as a determinant of the distribution of subgenotypes of the porcine norovirus genogroup II (GII) genotype 11. Environmental water samples were collected from peri-urban streams and estuaries in South Korea between 2014 and 2020. In total, 488 GII region C sequences of norovirus open reading frame 2 were isolated. A total of 14 genotypes were detected, two of which (GII.11 and GII.18) corresponded to porcine norovirus. Five human norovirus genotypes (GII.2, GII.3, GII.4, GII.6, and GII.17) and one porcine norovirus genotype (GII.11) comprised the subgenotypes. Integrated analysis of seasonal and geographical factors revealed that the possibility of the co-emergence of different GII.11 subgenotypes in the same province was lower than that of human norovirus subgenotypes in the same province. Additional algorithms designed to eliminate potential biases further supported the estimated restricted geographical spread of the GII.11 subgenotypes. Fecal contamination source tracking revealed low detection rates of porcine norovirus in the absence of upstream pig farms. These results suggest that a one-sided viral transmission route, mainly dependent on indirect contact owing to the limited chance of direct contact between geographically separated livestock pig populations, may be responsible for the restricted geographical spread of the GII.11 subgenotypes.

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Swine Norovirus: Past, Present, and Future
Lara Cavicchio, Andrea Laconi, Alessandra Piccirillo, Maria Serena Beato
Viruses.2022; 14(3): 537. CrossRef

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